适于养猪的几种高产优质牧草

优质牧草在养猪生产中一直是重要的饲料资源,其高产、营养丰富、价格低廉等特点在中、小养猪场户的饲料供给方面有着明显优势.特别是近年来人们对无公害食品关注程度提高,优质牧草作为无药物残留的“绿色”饲料特性在养猪生产中具有广阔的应用前景.现介绍几种适合养猪生产的高产优质牧草.……     

青海省优质牧草种质资源保护与开发

青海天然草地拥有十分丰富的牧草种质资源,部分牧草具有优良的抗逆基因。近年,青海省充分重视优质牧草种植资源的开发与保护工作,取得不错的成效。但目前依然有较多的问题存在,如总体数量偏少、缺乏丰富的保存方式等。需进一步完善优质牧草种质资源的保护与开发体系,促使优质牧草种质资源得到深入开发、利用与保护。     

苜蓿的遗传标记技术及其利用的研究进展

草地生物多样性是草地持续利用的基础工作 ,拥有丰富多样的牧草种质遗传资源是牧草新品种选育的必要条件。尽管我国目前初步完成了牧草种质资源的考察、种质采集、入库保存、鉴定和评价 ,但是对这些种质的鉴定和评价仍然处于初级阶段 ,满足不了育种及其利用的需要。国外牧草的遗传在传统的形态性状的基础上已经深入到分子水平 ,已经利用现代生物技术在分子水平上对优异性状进行遗传标记 ,而我国这方面的研究工作较少。我们根据所见到的资料对苜蓿这方面的研究工作作一综述 ,希望有助于同行开展这方面的工作 ,促进我国牧草种质遗传资源及育种…     

细胞遗传学在我国牧草中的应用

细胞遗传学知识在牧草研究中已得到了广泛应用。通过研究，初步论述了一些高产优质牧草的远缘杂交、染色体核型分析、染色体组型分析、分子标记和无融合生殖方面的应用，在此基础上对我国牧草中细胞遗传学知识的发展前景作了展望，并提出了一些建议。     

退化草地牧草营养价值动态变化分析的现状

我国幅员辽阔,牧草资源丰富,通过各种调查初步统计,我国可供家畜采食的牧草种类达4 296种.优质牧草不仅可以为家畜提供丰富的蛋白质、脂肪和氨基酸,还可以提供许多维生素、矿物质和生长所必需的酶类等多种营养物质,是发展畜牧业的重要物质基础;不仅如此,牧草还可以在不宜生产人类食物的土地上生长,并且单位面积的牧草产量高,单位营养成本比其他饲料低.     

河南省牧草种质资源发展利用现状与建议

河南省地处中原,明显的过渡性地理气候孕育了河南省丰富的物种资源,据统计,河南省有野生牧草151科624属1405种.近年来,河南省在牧草引种方面也做了大量的工作,但在本地种质资源的保护和利用方面开展工作较少,对河南省牧草种质资源状况进行总结,旨在为下一步保护、利用和评价牧草种质资源提供一定的依据.     

黄花苜蓿抗逆性研究进展

<正>黄花苜蓿是豆科苜蓿属多年生优质牧草,具有抗寒、抗旱、耐盐碱等特性,是高寒牧区人工草地建植和天然草地改良的理想牧草。黄花苜蓿适口性好,营养价值很高,与紫花苜蓿相当,产量和再生性虽逊色于紫花苜蓿,但其抗逆性却非紫花苜蓿能比,是苜蓿抗性育种不可缺少的种质资源,具有重要的饲用价值、生态价值和遗传育种价值。本文主要对国内外黄花苜蓿抗寒性、抗旱性和耐盐性等方面的研究现状进行了综述,以期为今后系统研究黄花苜蓿抗逆性和开发利用黄     

现代生物技术在牧草生产中的应用研究

牧草研究和开发在我国生态建设和草地畜牧业发展等方面具有十分重要的意义.对现代生物技术在牧草品种资源保存、牧草基因克隆与表达的分析研究和牧草育种方面的应用研究进展作一综述,为今后我国开展牧草种质资源研究和育种工作提供参考.     

新疆豆科野生优良牧草种质资源搜集及筛选

对新疆不同区域不同生境的野生牧草资源进行调查与搜集。采集到豆科82份,35种,筛选出苜蓿属、野豌豆属、黄耆属、岩黄芪属等的部分牧草,适口性好、营养价值高、抗性强,可作为牧草品种改良、引种栽培等重要的种质资源材料。     

野生牧草金荞麦与贵州省推广牧草栽培效益比较试验初报

金荞麦Poyigonum cymosum是一种药饲兼用的贵州野生植物资源,通过金荞麦与贵州省目前主要推广牧草的田间试验比较,研究金荞麦和推广牧草资源的产量、品质和饲用的不同特点。试验初步认为:金荞麦是一种高产优质的牧草资源,其产量与菊苣Cichorium intybus相似,比一般推广牧草如苜蓿Medicagosativa等高出2~3倍。其粗蛋白含量与菊苣相似,接近苜蓿。金荞麦的适口性好,耐瘠抗劣性强,易繁殖成活,有较大的推广潜力。     

热带牧草与草地可持续利用研究

选用热带主要牧草草种进行长期定位试验。结果表明,豆科牧草氮和钙的浓度显著高于禾 本科牧草。豆科牧草耗氮虽然比禾科牧草多,但由于豆科牧草具有固氮作用,因而对土壤全氮和有机质的消耗量却比禾本科牧草低。     

10个大黍品种在滇南的适应性及其评价

于2006年对10个大黍(Panicum maximum)品种的生产性能和品质特性进行区域试验研究,旨在筛选出适宜于热带、亚热带地区种植的高产、优质牧草,以期为热区畜牧业的持续发展提供依据。结果表明,1）所引种牧草的存活率、越冬率都在94%以上,说明所引种牧草的适应性强;2）除TD 58坚尼草、坦桑尼亚大黍和热研8号坚尼草感染了叶锈病以外,其他牧草的抗病虫害能力均较强;3）种植第1年,坦桑尼亚大黍干物质产量最高,为45.33 t·hm-2,与MG 7 Aries大黍、MG 6 Atlas大黍、蒙巴萨大黍、热研8号坚尼草、热研9号坚尼草和TD 58坚尼草之间差异不显著;4）选择干草产量、粗蛋白、适口性和抗逆性作为综合评价供试品种优劣的指标,用灰色关联法评价牧草,结果表明,蒙巴萨大黍、坦桑尼亚大黍、热研8号坚尼草、MG 6 Atlas大黍和TD 58坚尼草居前5位,它们属高产、质优、适口性好、抗性强的高产优质牧草品种。     

西藏牧草和作物秸秆热值研究

对西藏牧草和常见作物秸秆热值进行了研究。结果表明:69个牧草的干质量热值和去灰分热值分别为16.06～20.68 kJ/g和17.83～22.47 kJ/g;天然牧草热值水平低于栽培牧草。所有牧草去灰分热值均高于世界陆生植物平均值(17.79 kJ/g),其中95.65%的牧草属于中高热值牧草。各科牧草干质量热值和去灰分热值排列顺序不同,而灰分含量是造成该差异的主要原因;作为牲畜主要饲草种类的禾本科牧草平均去灰分热值高达20.46 kJ/g。几种常见作物秸秆热值含量较牧草低,平均去灰分热值含量为17.75 kJ/g,但也接近世界陆生植物的平均水平。作物秸秆的干质量热值和灰分含量呈极显著线性负相关。     

拉萨河谷禾豆混播草地生产力与种间关系研究

为探究拉萨河谷农区禾豆混播人工草地生产力与种间关系,筛选最佳混播组合及比例,以小黑麦(×Triticosecale)、燕麦(Avena sativa)、箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)为试验材料,设置4个混播组合及7个混播比例试验。结果表明：4种混播组合及其混播比例处理的干草产量与禾草单播或箭筈豌豆单播无显著性差异;‘中饲828’小黑麦和箭筈豌豆混播比6∶4和3∶7处理下禾豆相对产量、相对密度均大于1,表明种间相容性好、竞争小,产生混播优势;相对重要性分析表明,禾草所占比例越大,总产量越高。相关性分析表明,混播草地种间竞争以及种间促进现象同时存在,总体呈现禾草抑制箭筈豌豆生长的现象。此外,禾草、箭筈豌豆均表现为以扩张种群数量、增加空间面积的方式获取更多资源。     

Effect of supplementing Rhodes grass hay (Chloris gayana) with Berchemia discolor or Zizyphus mucronata on the performance of growing goats in Kenya

Twenty growing Small East African goats were used to determine the effects of feeding sun-dried leaves of the browse forages Berchemia discolor and Zizyphus mucronata as supplements to low-quality basal diet, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay, on voluntary feed intake (VFI), digestibility and growth performance. The grass hay and maize bran were used as a control. The dried leaves were then included at the rates of 15% and 30% of the dry matter intake (DMI). Berchemia discolor had the highest crude protein (CP) content of 195.5 g/kg DM, while Z. mucronata had CP content of 169.5 g/kg DM. The grass hay had the lowest CP content of 50.9 g/kg DM. The browse forages had low fibre content [Neutral detergent fibre (NDF); 257.9-369.5 g/kg DM], while the grass hay had high fibre content (NDF; 713.1 g/kg DM). Goats in the groups supplemented with either of the browse forages had higher total DMI, nitrogen (N) intake and retention and live-weight gains than those in the control diet group. The digestibility of DM and organic matter (OM) was not affected by supplementation, but the CP digestibility increased with supplementation. The use of the browse forages as supplements for goats fed on poor-quality basal diets would enhance the performance of the animals.     

反刍动物常用粗饲料消化率预测模型的验证研究

研究通过对江西反刍动物常用粗饲料体外消化率(IVDMD)的实际测定,证明邓卫东等(2002)建立的以范氏纤维含量为预测因子的粗饲料IVDMD预测模型在江西区域有较高的准确性,能够应用于江西反刍动物粗饲料消化率的预测。该模型与张吉鹍等(2004b;2010)建立的粗饲料干物质采食量预测模型构成了完整的反刍动物粗饲料分级指数(GI)参数模型,这将大力推进江西反刍动物粗饲料品质的综合评定。     

甘肃高寒阴湿区国外10种优良牧草引种栽培试验

在甘肃高寒阴湿区引进10种国外优良牧草,通过3年的生育期和产草量测定,结合抗病虫害能力、家畜适口性评估以及牧草营养成分的分析,筛选出适合该地区的优良牧草品种。结果表明,紫花苜蓿、苏丹草、俄菜抗病虫害能力较强,丰产性好,适口性佳,适宜在高寒阴湿地区推广。其中,俄菜年平均产量（干重）为69500kg／hm^2,粗蛋白含量为20．1％;紫花苜蓿年平均产鲜草产量折合干重为15500．0kg／hm^2,粗蛋白含量为18．6％;苏丹草年平均产鲜草产量折合干重为18800kg／hm^2,粗蛋白含量为14．8％。     

Relationships between nutritive quality and fiber components of cool season and warm season forages: a retrospective study

Feeding trials were conducted with 428 forages in three forage classes (C3 grasses, legumes, C4 grasses) fed ad libitum to sheep and with 170 forages fed to cattle over a 20-yr period. Of this total, 153 forages were fed concurrently to sheep and cattle. Where the same forages were fed, mean dry matter digestibility (DMD) and dry matter intake (DMI) were lower (P less than .01) for sheep than for cattle, with significant effects of forage class. With the main population of forages, the regression of DMI on DMD was positive and curvilinear (P less than .01) for sheep, with no effect of forage class, and positive and linear (P less than .0001) for cattle, with a significant effect of class. For all forages, correlations between DMI and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration were -.57 for sheep and -.41 for cattle; regressions differed (P less than .05) with class and animal species. Correlations of DMD with NDF and acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations were -.45 and -.59 (P less than .01), respectively, for sheep, and -.32 and -.39 (P less than .01) for cattle; again, regressions differed significantly with class and animal species. Within forage class, regressions of DMD and DMI on fiber components generally were linear. Intake of NDF (NDFI) was related to NDF percentage for all forages by a quadratic regression, with significant differences due to animal species and forage class. Results indicate that relationships between DMD, DMI and fiber fractions differ between forage classes and animal species, that C4 grasses are consumed at levels higher than would be expected from their DMD and fiber concentrations and that ruminants increase NDFI in response to higher NDF concentrations in the forage.     

Effects of supplementing Leucaena leucocephala and conserved forages from natural pasture on the performance of grazing calves

Twelve white Fulani × N'dama cross-bred calves weighing 83.79?±?1.16 kg were used in an 84-day experiment to investigate the utilization of forage resources from natural grazing land. The experimental diets were sole grazing, grazing + hay, grazing + silage and grazing + Leucaena leucocephala leaves. The calves were divided into four groups of three animals each and were randomly assigned to the four experimental diets. Crude protein (CP) contents of the forages ranged from 59 to 171 g/kg dry matter (DM). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents of the forages ranged from 560 to 705 g/kg DM and 363 to 440 g/kg DM, respectively. Significantly (P?<?0.05) higher values in mineral contents (Ca, K, P and Mg) were recorded for L. leucocephala leaves compared to other forage resources. Variations (P?<?0.05) were observed in the average daily gain. Animals on grazing + L. leucocephala leaves diet had the highest (113 g/day) average daily gain, while those on sole grazing showed the least value (26.2 g/day). Packed cell volume (PCV), total serum protein, urea and calcium concentration showed significant differences (P?<?0.05). Effective utilization of forage resources from the natural pasture by the calves was attained on supplementation with conserved forages and L. leucocephala leaves without any deleterious effects on the haematological and serum parameters.     

新疆半干旱地区不同种类混播草地的牧草产量和营养价值研究

提高混播草地的生产力和维持其营养价值对提高新疆半干旱地区放牧家畜生产力具有重要意义。本研究选择4种牧草,以单播为对照,设置豆禾两种牧草和3种牧草进行混播,分析混播草地生产力和牧草营养价值变化。结果表明：与单播相比,混播草地不仅具有明显生物量优势,而且牧草的酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量更低,粗蛋白含量、干物质消化率、干物质采食量和相对饲喂价值更高;随着生长年限的增加（2016年到2018年）,单播和混播草地牧草干物质产量、粗蛋白产量、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维含量均显著增加,但粗蛋白含量、干物质消化率、干物质采食量和相对饲喂价值均显著下降。