猪乙型脑炎病毒E基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank中猪乙型脑炎病毒SA14-14-2基因序列设计2对引物,从分离的猪源乙型脑炎病毒SD-001株的细胞培养物中扩增出包括E基因全长的两段基因,将扩增的目的片段进行克隆与序列分析。结果表明,所克隆的E基因编码结构域（Domain）区段与SA14-14-2、P3、Beijing-1等毒株的核苷酸与氨基酸序列同源性分别达97.2%与96.8%以上,属于Ⅲ型乙型脑炎病毒,与疫苗株SA14-14-2的Domain区相比,共有8个氨基酸位点变异。     

乙型脑炎病毒分离株PrM/E基因测序和SA14、SA14-14-2的序列比较

该研究通过RT-PCR扩增乙型脑炎病毒分离株PrM/E基因测序后,将测序结果与GenBanK发表的JEV SA14基因序列和SA14-14-2进行比较分析,结果发现分离株与JEV SA14强毒株的同源性为98.1%,与SA1-14-2株的同源性为97.1%;在477-2477长为2 000 nt决定JEV抗源性的PrM/E区中.分离株与SA14株仅有40个碱基不同,其中12个碱基为错义突变,导致E基因2个氨基酸序列(E135和E232)与SA14的E区两个氨基酸的不同;而分离株与SA14-14-2株有48个碱基不同,导致E基因12个氨基酸序列与SA14-14-2不同.由于确定JEV毒性的10个关键性基酸的位置均在E蛋白上,分离株与SA14强毒株这10个氨基酸的位置完全一致,因此序列的比较结果表明;乙脑病毒分离株为强毒株.由此可以看出基因分析对于病毒毒力的判断具有重要参考意义.     

乙脑病毒prM/E基因重组伪狂犬病病毒的构建

以乙型脑炎病毒SA14-14-2株基因组RNA为模板，采用RT—PCR一步法扩增prM／E基因的全长cDNA(约2kb)，将其克隆至pMDl8一T栽体，获得了克隆质粒pTprM／E，并对其进行了测序。序列分析结果表明，与已报道的SA14强毒株和SA14-14-2疫苗株的核苷酸比较，prM基因的序列同源性为100％，E发生了4个点突变，其中1个为回复突变，并导致了3个氨基酸的改变。以伪狂犬病病毒Ea株TK^-／gG^-／LacZ^ 突变株为栽体，构建了1株乙脑病毒prM／E基因的重组伪狂犬病病毒TK／gG^-／ΓrM／E^ 。乙脑病毒prM／E基因的克隆及重组伪狂犬病病毒的成功构建，为开展乙脑病毒分子生物学及猪伪狂犬病-乙脑二价基因工程疫苗的研究打下了坚实基础。     

表达乙脑病毒PrM基因重组伪狂犬病病毒的构建

本研究以乙型脑炎病毒SA14—14—2疫苗株基因组RNA为模板，采用RT—PCR一步法扩增了PrM基因的全长cDNA（558 bp），用BamHI和EcoRI双酶切PrM基因的扩增产物，回收目的基因后将其克隆至经同样酶切的伪狂犬病病毒通用转移载体pPgG-uni中，获得了转移载体pPgG-PrM，并对其外源片段进行了测序。序列分析结果表明：与已报道的乙型脑炎病毒SA14强毒株和SA14-14-2疫苗株的核苷酸序列比较，PrM基因的同源性为100％。以伪狂犬病病毒Ea株TK^-／gG^-／LacZ^＋突变株为载体构建了一株表达乙型脑炎病毒PrM基因的重组伪狂犬病病毒TK^-／gG^-／PrM^＋，为进一步开展猪乙型脑炎与伪狂犬病二价基因工程疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

乙型脑炎病毒SA14-14-2株prM基因的克隆与测序

以我国乙型脑炎病毒疫苗株SA14-14-2的基因组RNA为模板,设计1对包含prM基因完整编码区的引物,采用一步法RT-PCR技术扩增其prM基因,扩增出大小约558 bp特异性带.将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中,用双脱氧末端终止法进行全序列测定,序列分析表明我国疫苗株SA14-14-2的prM基因核苷酸序列与GenBank收录的完全一致.prM基因的获得为进一步研究该基因的免疫原性以及乙型脑炎病毒基因工程疫苗奠定了基础.     

乙型脑炎病毒SAl4—14—2株prM基因的克隆与测序

以我国乙型脑炎病毒疫苗株SA14-14-2的基因组RNA为模板,设计1对包含prM基因完整编码区的引物,采用一步法RT-PCR技术扩增其prM基因,扩增出大小约558bp特异性带。将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中,用双脱氧末端终止法进行全序列测定,序列分析表明我国疫苗株SA14-14-2的prM基因核苷酸序列与GenBank收录的完全一致。prM基因的获得为进一步研究该基因的免疫原性以及乙型脑炎病毒基因工程疫苗奠定了基础。     

日本乙型脑炎病毒的分离与鉴定

收集一例疑为乙型脑炎病毒感染的种公猪肿大的睾丸病料,并将其处理制成匀浆过滤后,用乳鼠脑内接毒和细胞接毒相结合的方法盲传并分离病毒,然后设计一对PrM/E基因的特异性引物,采用RT-PCR方法对所分离的病毒进行鉴定,并将其PrM/E基因扩增产物测序,测序结果与乙型脑炎GenBank登陆的SA14-14-2株(AF315119)和SA14株(U14163)进行比较。结果表明,所分离病毒的PrM/E基因序列与JEV强毒株SA14和弱毒株SA14-14-2相应序列同源性分别为98.1%和97.1%,证实分离毒株为乙型脑炎病毒。     

猪乙型脑炎病毒的PrM-E基因克隆与测序

通过RT-PCR扩增乙型脑炎病毒主要抗原基因PrM-E,并将PrM-E基因克隆及测序后,与GenBank发表的SA14-14(M18370)基因序列进行比较分析,发现试验毒株与乙型脑炎病毒SA14-14毒株的同源性为98%。在乙型脑炎病毒基因组决定乙型脑炎病毒抗原性的PrM-E的2 000 bp序列中,试验毒株与SA14-14株有35个碱基不同,但却不影响它的功能。     

乙型脑炎病毒分离株PrM／E基因澳序和SA14、SA14—14—2的序列比较

该研究通过RT—PCR扩增乙型脑炎病毒分离株PrM／E基因测序后,将测序结果与GenBanK发表的JEVSA14基因序列和SA14—14—2进行比较分析,结果发现分离株与JEVSA14强毒株的同源性为98．1％,与SA1-14-2株的同源性为97．1％;在477-2477长为2000nt决定JEV抗源性的PrM／E区中,分离株与SA14株仅有40个碱基不同,其中12个碱基为错义突变,导致E基因2个氨基酸序列（E135和E232）与SA14的E区两个氨基酸的不同;而分离株与SA14—14-2株有48个碱基不同,导致E基因12个氨基酸序列与SA14—14—2不同。由于确定JEV毒性的10个关键性基酸的位置均在E蛋白上,分离株与SA14强毒株这10个氨基酸的位置完全一致,因此序列的比较结果表明;乙脑病毒分离株为强毒株。由此可以看出基因分析对于病毒毒力的判断具有重要参考意义。     

猪日本脑炎病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立

设计了1对引物,利用RT-PCR技术检测乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)。从GenBank中查出收录的31株猪乙型脑炎病毒E基因的已知序列,用DNA star软件对这31株猪乙型脑炎病毒E基因进行同源性分析,以确定扩增的靶序列。以这段靶区域为模板,利用Primer 5软件设计了1对引物,用减毒株SA14-14-2建立了检测乙脑病毒的RT-PCR方法,经敏感性,特异性试验测定,证明该方法敏感,特异;该法可检出样品稀释至256倍的鼠脑毒,相当于0.06个TCID50,对4株河北地区JEV分离株进行检测,结果所设计引物对4株病毒均能扩增出预期的片段。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

獭兔睾丸的组织学观察

家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1　材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5～ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2　结果和讨论2 .1　睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果　见表 1。表 1　獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标　　　μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管…     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Observations of fracture of the anconeal process of the ulna of swine

Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process.     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.