猪源链球菌的分离鉴定及特性

为了解猪链球菌及其血清型流行情况,对2010-2012年从河北省各地区临床病死猪分离获得的32株链球菌进行了生物学特性鉴定及血清分型。结果表明,分离的链球菌以兰氏D群为主,占34.4%,其次为C群(18.8%)。利用PCR扩增猪链球菌的种特异性16SrRNA基因以及荚膜多糖cpslI、eps2J、cps7H和eps9H基因,对32株链球菌分离株进行猪链球菌种的鉴定和分型。结果显示,属于猪链球菌的为16株,其中猪链球菌2型(SS2)为56.25%(9/16),SS7占6.25%(1/16),SS9占12.5%(2/16),其他血清型占25%(4/16)。     

猪源链球菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

通过生化试验、药敏试验、PCR分型、毒力基因的PCR检测及动物试验对分离的猪源链球菌进行药物敏感性、血清型和分子流行病学初步研究。从不同省份猪链球菌病疑似病例猪的心血、肝、淋巴结、脑和关节液组织分离出97株链球菌,药敏试验结果表明各菌株对13种抗菌素的耐药谱不同,但对先锋霉素V和环丙沙星的耐药率均低于5%。通过对分离菌株进行PCR鉴定和分型,确认26株为猪链球菌,其中1株为1型,16株为2型,4株为7型,没有9型,另5株为其它型。进一步对1型、2型和7型猪链球菌mrp、epf和sly3种毒力基因的分布情况进行了PCR检测。动物试验表明能100%致死小白鼠的猪链球菌基因型均为epf^＋mrp^＋sly^＋2型猪链球菌,1株2型和1株7型猪链球菌均能复制出典型的猪链球菌病例。     

湖南省猪链球菌的分离与鉴定

从病猪脏器病料中通过细菌培养、生化试验分离鉴定出了121株猪链球菌.经PCR技术鉴定马链球菌兽疫亚种28株,占23.1%,猪链球菌24株,占19.8% ,其中猪链球菌2型4株,占3.3%,猪链球菌9型2株,占1.7%,猪链球菌1型和7型都没检测到,证实省内除了猪链球菌2型外,也存在其他血清型的猪链球菌.     

猪链球菌2型的鉴定及其毒力因子检测

猪链球菌的感染不仅对养猪业造成巨大的损失,同时对公共卫生尤其是相关从业人员的生命造成威胁,严重感染引起死亡.根据参考文献,设计了1对猪链球菌2型特异性引物.对四川分离的7株链球菌、江苏分离的1株、北京分离的6株和菌种中心保存的5株C群马链球菌兽疫亚种、1株D群链球菌、4株R型链球菌、2株S群链球菌和E、F、G、K、L、M、N、O、P群链球菌各1株进行了检测.结果7株四川分离株均为2型;1株江苏分离株为2型;6株北京分离株有3株为2型;1株R群、2株s群链球菌为2型猪链球菌.对检测出的14株猪链球菌2型的毒力因子做进一步检测.MRP基因检出率为92.9%(13/14);EF基因检出率为100%(14/14);sly基因检出率为71.4%(10/14);Cps2A基因检出率为92.9%(13/14);gapdh基因检出率为64.3%(9/14);FBPS基因检出率为92.9%(13/14);orf2基因检出率为71.4%(10/14).毒力因子全为阳性的菌株有6株,MRP-EF+菌株有2株.本研究从259份健康猪扁桃体中分离到16株2型猪链球菌,健康猪带菌率为6.2%(16/259).16株猪链球菌2型中,MRP、EF、Cps2A全为阴性,只从1株2型猪链球菌中检测到了sly基因(1/16);gapdh基因检出率为56.25%(9/16);FBPS基因检出率为75.0%(12/16);Orf2基因检出率为37.5%(6/16).     

猪链球菌2型JX分离株的生物学特性

从临床表现为脑膜炎、关节炎及败血症的发病猪分离到2株细菌，分别命名为JX02和JX03，经鉴定其形态、染色及培养特性均符合链球菌的特点，具α或β溶血，生化试验结果不稳定。用猪链球菌2型、1型和9型抗血清进行凝集试验，结果2株菌均能与猪链球2型抗血清凝集，其中1株菌对小鼠和家兔均有致病性，另1株菌只能致死家兔。PCR均能扩增2株菌的主要毒力因子基因。表明发病猪的病原不同于以往的C群链球菌，不是马链球菌兽疫亚种，而是属于R群的猪链球菌。     

猪链球菌的鉴定及其主要毒力基因的多重PCR检测

通过革兰氏染色镜检、生化试验及PCR鉴定,对分离的猪源链球菌进行初步研究.同时根据猪链球菌主要毒力因子基因Sly、MRP、EF的核苷酸序列,设计并合成了3对特异性引物,通过体系和条件优化,建立多重PCR检测方法,对实验菌株及阴性对照菌株进行检测分析.结果从不同地区分离到的30株猪源链球菌中,确认16株为猪链球菌.多重PCR检测结果显示,Sly检出率为5/16,MRP检出率为4/16,EF检出率为2/16,阴性对照菌株毒力因子检测结果均为阴性.分析结果表明,该多重PCR体系可用于猪链球菌毒力相关因子Sly、MRP、EF的基因检测,特异性和敏感性较好.     

河南省规模化猪场猪链球菌2型的分离鉴定和药敏试验

从2006-2009年河南省发生猪高热综合征的113家规模化猪场291份病料中分离革兰氏阳性球菌,通过培养特性试验、生化试验、猪链球菌和猪链球菌2型的PCR试验,结果鉴定125株为链球菌,其中35株为猪链球菌2型。对35株猪链球菌2型进行小鼠毒力试验及药敏试验,结果显示,35株猪链球菌2型对小鼠均有毒力,均对头孢噻肟、头孢唑啉、头孢他啶、阿莫西林、氯霉素、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星敏感。     

重庆地区表观健康猪中猪链球菌的检测

本研究旨在调查重庆地区表观健康猪的猪链球菌带菌情况,并揭示健康猪群携带猪链球菌的公共卫生学意义。随机采集重庆市17个区县(市)定点屠宰场表观健康猪的腭扁桃体1 360份,进行猪链球菌的分离鉴定,并对致病性较强的1、2、7、9、14型及1/2型进行分型与毒力因子分析。结果共分离到225株猪链球菌,分离率为16.54%;检出猪链球菌2型4株,猪链球菌7型3株,猪链球菌9型3株,猪链球菌1/2型1株;毒力因子谱分析发现多数(10/11)分离株缺失部分毒力因子,但也存在具有全部已知毒力因子的强毒株,且在国内首次检出小片段mrp型猪链球菌1/2型1株和7型2株。结果提示,重庆地区健康猪群带菌现象普遍,且流行菌株具有与国外不同的特点,对屠宰场工作人员健康造成威胁。     

上海地区猪源链球菌分离株的病原特性鉴定

1997－1999年从上海地区分离出15株猪源链球菌，结合培养特性、生化特性及血清定型等对其进行了鉴定。其形态、染色及培养特性基本符合链球菌的特点，大多具有α或β溶血，生化试验结果不稳定。用国际通用的链球菌A－G乳胶分型诊断液和猪链球菌1、2型标准阳性血清检测5株分离菌，4株为C群链球菌，1株为2型猪链球菌，1株为B群链球菌，1株为D群链球菌，1株与A群和C群有交叉反应，7株不在其检测范围。小鼠对15株分离菌的敏感性有所不同。本试验表明，上海地区猪链球菌病的病原已不再是单一的C群链球菌。对新出现的2型猪链球菌，应引起足够重视。     

湖南省猪链球菌2型病流行情况调查

应用酶联免疫吸附法(EUSA)和细菌分离鉴定,对湖南省9个市33个猪场的631份血清样品和126份病死猪内脏组织样品进行猪链球菌2型病血清学调查和细菌分离鉴定,结果血清中猪链球菌2型的抗体阳性率为48.0%;所调查的9个市均有不同程度感染猪链球菌的猪场,场阳性率为84.8%;不同日龄猪群阳性率分别为种猪65.2%、肥猪51.3%、中猪39.8%、小猪25.2%;健康猪群与发病猪群抗体阳性率分别为41.8%和58.5%.分离出的12株猪链球菌2型分布在7个市的10个猪场,说明湖南省猪链球菌2型流行面广.     

河南省猪链球菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为探讨河南省猪链球菌的血清型分布和耐药性情况，本试验对2016年5月~2017年5月从河南省猪场采集的各种组织病料进行猪链球菌的分离培养、生化鉴定及PCR鉴定，并进行了血清群的分群鉴定和血清型的分型鉴定，对其中的2型猪链球菌进行了药敏试验。结果显示，试验共鉴定出189株猪链球菌，流行的猪链球菌的血清群主要以D群为主，其次是G群和C群；优势的血清型是2型、7型、9型和1型。其中87株为2型猪链球菌，超过90%的2型菌株对β-内酰胺类（青霉素G、阿莫西林和头孢菌素类）、氯霉素、万古霉素、环丙沙星敏感，超过40%的2型菌株对多西环素、四环素、红霉素、复方新诺明、丁胺卡那霉素、克林霉素、链霉素、米诺环素产生耐药性。以上结果为指导猪场使用敏感药物及时控制疫情、选择血清型相符的疫苗进行预防及减少损失提供参考依据。     

7型猪链球菌的分离鉴定及特性

通过生化鉴定和PCR方法从湖北省部分地区高热症猪病料中分离鉴定了17株7型猪链球菌,并对所分离菌株进行药敏、毒力基因分布及致病性等生物学特性的研究。结果表明,生化鉴定显示所分离菌株为猪链球菌2型,但经PCR鉴定为7型,测序结果经分析与已发表的7型序列同源性为100%。17株7型分离株毒力基因分布情况为：0.0%为mrp＋,11.8%为epf＋,17.6%为sly＋orf2＋,29.4%fbps＋,100.0%gdh＋。通过对28种药物的敏感试验发现各分离株耐药性差别很大,但对阿莫西林和复方阿莫西林较为敏感（88.2%）,对红霉素最为敏感（100.0%）。动物试验表明,编号为HB6、HB8、HB9的分离株致病性较强。通过对病猪和感染小鼠进行病理切片观察,各器官充血出血最为明显。总之,在以高致病性蓝耳病病毒为主要病原的高热症诊断和治疗中,同样需要考虑混合或继发感染7型猪链球菌致病的可能。     

临床健康猪群猪链球菌2型带菌率流行情况调查

为了解钦州市临床健康猪群中猪链球菌2型的流行情况,采用PCR方法对采集的病料进行检测分析。374份样品的PCR检测结果显示,链球菌、猪链球菌、猪链球菌2型的带菌率分别为81.8%、48.9%、2.9%,表明钦州市健康猪中猪链球菌带菌率高,但猪链球菌2型带菌率较低。     

猪链球菌7型的分离鉴定及药敏试验

某猪群暴发类似猪链球菌病,为确诊和防制该病,通过将病料接种到血液营养琼脂培养基和TSA培养基分离细菌,对分离菌株进行生化鉴定和PCR鉴定,并接种小白鼠进行动物试验和药敏试验。结果表明,分离的细菌为猪链球菌7型,对小白鼠具有致病性,且对恩诺沙星和头孢唑啉高度敏感。该结果对临床防制猪链球菌病具有参考意义。     

The Streptococcus suis Epidemiological Analysis of Healthy and Infected Swine in Guangdong Province

To investigate the epidemics of Streptococcus suis in Guangdong province, 228 samples from infected pigs,and 698 samples from healthy pigs including 243 samples from tonsils of slaughtered pigs and 455 nasal swabs of healthy pigs were analyzed.The results showed that the positive rate of Streptococcus suis of infected,healthy and slaughtered pigs were 82.02%(187/228),42.20%(192/455) and 32.10%(78/243),respectively.187 strains of Streptococcus suis were isolated from infected pigs and serotyped in 11 serotypes,including serotype SS1,SS2,SS3,SS4,SS7,SS8,SS9,SS16,SS19,SS29 and SS31, in which serotype SS2(16.58%),SS3(9.63%) and SS19 (7.49%) were dominant,flowed by SS7(6.95%)and SS9(5.34%),and 48.66% strains were non-typabled.Meanwhile,154 strains of Streptococcus suis from healthy swine(including farms and slaughter houses) were classified into 17 serotypes,including serotype SS2,SS3,SS4,SS5,SS7,SS8,SS9,SS10,SS12,SS15,SS16,SS17,SS19,SS21,SS23,SS29 and SS30,in which SS2(18.83%) and SS29(14.94%)were dominant,flowed by SS16(6.50%) and 31.82% strains were non-typabled.     

Detection and molecular typing of Streptococcus suis in tonsils from live pigs in France

Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen of swine, causing meningitis, arthritis, polyserositis, septicemia, and sudden death in weaning piglets as well as fattening pigs. Recently, 3 molecular tests have been developed in our laboratory: a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) assay for the detection of S. suis species and serotypes 2 and 1/2, and 2 molecular typing methods, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and an approach based on PCR amplification of a fragment of rRNA genes, including a part of the 16S and 23S genes and the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR), followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis (ISR-RFLP). In the present study, we used these tests to analyze tonsil samples from clinically healthy pigs and to identify individual isolates of S. suis during epidemiologic investigations of 8 related herds with a history of septicemia caused by S. suis serotype 2. Capsular typing showed that 58% of the strains were nontypable. Of the 17 serotypes present, serotype 22 was the most prevalent. In the 7 farms without clinical signs on the day of sampling, we detected S. suis serotype 2 or 1/2, or both, in less than 5% of the pigs by m-PCR or by bacteriologic culture. In the 8th farm, on which 2 pigs had clinical signs of septicemia on the day of sampling, we detected S. suis serotype 2 or 1/2, or both, by m-PCR in the tonsils of 40% of fattening pigs (21 wk old) that lacked symptoms. Molecular typing of the serotype 2 strains showed a common origin of contamination in these herds, given that 1 pattern (C1) was detected in the isolates from 6 of the 8 herds. However, up to 4 patterns were associated with septicemia and sudden death. Several patterns of S. suis serotype 2 can be responsible for disease in the same herd. These molecular tools may be useful for confident studies of the transmission of S. suis, thereby contributing to the control of S. suis infection.     

广西某猪场猪链球菌分离鉴定及其生物学特性研究

2019年12月广西玉林某猪场猪连续发生多起保育猪突然死亡病例,为确诊该猪场猪发病死亡原因并调查分离菌株的致病性与耐药情况,对发病猪场进行采样和细菌分离培养,并对分离菌株进行形态学观察、生化鉴定、gdh基因PCR扩增、血清型和7个毒力基因的鉴定、耐药性检测以及耐药基因的鉴定。结果显示,从两头病死猪中各分离出1株细菌,在TSB固体培养基表面培养为灰白色、表面光滑、边缘整齐且大小一致的圆形菌落,初步鉴定为革兰阳性链球菌,分别命名为GXYL-F1、GXYL-N2。经猪链球菌特异性基因gdh及血清型引物鉴定,两分离株均为9型猪链球菌。生化鉴定结果显示,两分离菌株均可发酵水杨素、麦芽糖、M.R.和七叶苷。PCR检测菌株的毒力基因结果显示,gdh、fbps、sao、sbp2'和orf2均为阳性,mrp、epf、sly基因均为阴性。药敏试验结果显示,两分离株均对新霉素、链霉素、替米考星、泰乐菌素、红霉素、四环素、左氧氟沙星、青霉素和磺胺嘧啶这9种药物呈耐药性,此外分离菌株GXYL-F1还对恩诺沙星耐药。两分离菌株均扩增出耐药基因aadA1、qnrB、qnrS。表明该猪场保育猪突然死亡是由9型猪链球菌引起。上述研究结果为该猪场制定9型猪链球菌防治措施提供参考依据,并为了解猪链球菌流行血清型多样性与防控技术研究提供了新的数据。     

Prevalence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis, Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, and Streptococcus suis in representative Ontario swine herds

Tonsillar and nasal swabs were collected from weanling pigs in 50 representative Ontario swine herds and tested for the presence of 5 important bacterial upper respiratory tract pathogens. All but 1 herd (2%) tested positive for Streptococcus suis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); 48% of herds were S. suis serovar 2, 1/2 positive. In all but 2 herds there was evidence of Haemophilus parasuis infection. In contrast, toxigenic strains of Pasteurella multocida were detected by a P. multocida--enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (PMT-ELISA) in only one herd. Seventy-eight percent of the herds were diagnosed positive for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by apxIV PCR. Sera from finishing pigs on the same farms were also collected and tested by ELISA for the presence of A. pleuropneumoniae antibodies. Seventy percent of the herds tested had evidence of antibodies to A. pleuropneumoniae including serovars 1-9-11 (2%), 2 (4%), 3-6-8-15 (15%), 5 (6%), 4-7 (26%), and 12 (17%). This likely represents a shift from previous years when infection with A. pleuropneumoniae serovars 1, 5, and 7 predominated. At least 16% and possibly as many as 94% of the herds tested were Actinobacillus suis positive; only 3 of the 50 herds were both A. pleuropneumoniae and A. suis negative as judged by the absence of a positive PCR test for apxII. Taken together, these data suggest that over the past 10 years, there has been a shift in the presence of pathogenic bacteria carried by healthy Ontario swine with the virtual elimination of toxigenic strains of P. multocida and a move to less virulent A. pleuropneumoniae serovars. As well, there appears to be an increase in prevalence of S. suis serovar 2, 1/2, but this may be a reflection of the use of a more sensitive detection method.