子宫内膜炎奶牛血浆TNF-α和IL-6的检测分析

奶牛子宫内膜炎发病率高、病程长,是引起奶牛不孕症的重要病因。检测产后子宫内膜炎患牛的细胞因子变化情况,对产后保健效果评价有重要的参考价值。本研究采用放射免疫法检测了根据临床诊断分组的4头子宫内膜炎患牛和11头健康奶牛血浆中TNF-α和IL-6的变化情况。结果显示,子宫内膜炎患牛的TNF-α和IL-6分别在产后14d和21d时显著低于健康奶牛。     

奶牛子宫内膜炎的诊治

奶牛子宫内膜炎是奶牛不孕症的主要原因之一,我国奶牛子宫内膜炎型不孕症,占成年难孕牛的17%以上.据报道,每年美国因奶牛不孕症造成的经济损失近2.5亿美元;英国报导不孕牛中约95%由子宫内膜炎引起;在国内奶牛子宫内膜炎也非常高,瞿自明等[1]1983～1985年对北京、上海、南宁、兰州等16个城市41个奶牛场调查了9754头适龄奶牛,有1684头发生子宫内膜炎(17.216%),占不孕牛的68.34%(1 684/2 464);东北地区奶牛场的奶牛子宫内膜炎占奶牛病的20%～30%.由此可见,奶牛子宫内膜炎所造成的繁殖和经济损失是相当严重的.     

奶牛子宫内膜炎生殖激素治疗试验

<正>采用抗生素是治疗子宫内膜炎常用方法之一,虽具有一定的效果,但存在一些难以克服的缺点,如长期使用抗生素容易产生药物残留,也可产生耐药性[1-3]。所以人们越来越认识到应用非抗生素类药物疗法的必要性。笔者在临床实践中采用催产素和氯前列烯醇对奶牛子宫内膜炎进行了治疗试验,疗效显著,现介绍如下。1材料1.1试验牛选用西宁市郊区患子宫内膜炎的奶牛63头作为试验牛。1.2试验药品     

子宫内膜炎奶牛血液生化分析

奶牛子宫内膜炎是发生在牛子宫内膜上的炎症,为了探索奶牛子宫内膜炎发生时血液生化指标的变化特点,本实验以患子宫内膜炎奶牛为研究对象,与正常奶牛做对比实验。结果显示:患牛Ca、P显著下降,其他指标没有显著变化;2例炎症严重的病牛,谷草转氨酶AST和磷酸激酶CK远远高于平均值,呈离群状态。这些指标变化为子宫内膜炎的诊断治疗提供参考。     

内蒙古地区奶牛子宫内膜炎大肠杆菌的分离及其耐药性研究

子宫内膜炎是奶牛常发的一种生殖系统疾病,不仅影响机体正常的生理功能,而且会导致患牛长期不孕,有的甚至造成终生不孕.据调查,我国奶牛子宫内膜炎的平均发病率约为20%.在奶牛不孕症中,由子宫内膜炎所致的不孕奶牛约占60.1%～92.0%[1].该病主要由分娩或产后子宫感染病原微生物引起,其中以大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌等感染最为常见[2].     

奶牛子宫内膜炎大肠杆菌的分离血清型鉴定及其耐药性测定

子宫内膜炎是奶牛常发的一种生殖系统疾病,不仅影响机体正常的生理功能,而且会导致患牛长期不孕,有的甚至造成终生不孕[1].据调查,我国奶牛子宫内膜炎的平均发病率约为20%,在奶牛不孕症中,由子宫内膜炎所致的不孕奶牛约占60.1%～92.0%[2].奶牛子宫内膜炎主要由分娩或产后子宫感染病原微生物引起,其中以大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、链球菌等感染最为常见.临床上多使用抗菌药物治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎,随着病原菌耐药性的不断加重,用药剂量随之增加,这不仅提高了治疗成本,而且增加了乳产品中药物残留的风险.本文对内蒙古地区引起奶牛子宫内膜炎的大肠杆菌进行了分离、血清型鉴定,并测定其对24种抗菌药物的敏感性,旨在探明内蒙古地区奶牛子宫内膜炎大肠杆菌的血清型及耐药水平,为临床防治该病提供科学依据.     

牛子宫内膜炎病的诊断及临床治疗效果分析

[目的]:探究分析牛子宫内膜炎病的诊断及临床治疗效果。[方法]:选取2014年1月至2017年2月某养牛场患有子宫内膜炎的奶牛27头,再于另一养殖场患有子宫内膜炎病的肉牛10头。肉牛为一组,A组,奶牛分为3组,分别为B、C、D四组,每组9头。每组应用不同的药物治疗方式,比较分析每组的治疗效果。[结果]:A组全部治愈,有效率为100%,B组奶牛均治愈,有效率为100%,C组治愈8头,有效率为88.89%,D组治愈8头,有效88.89%,且得到27头奶牛中,治愈25头,总有效占92.59%。[结论]:临床诊断牛子宫内膜炎病可选择直肠检查结合内窥镜检查阴道,提高确诊的准确性,对于牛子宫内膜炎病治疗,子宫灌注法治疗方法简单,且效果显著,成本低廉,提高有效性,值得推广实践。     

牛子宫内膜炎的诊断及治疗

目的:探究诊断牛子宫内膜炎病的方法及临床的治疗效果。方法:选取在某奶牛场的子宫内膜炎患病奶牛28头,在某肉牛场选取6头患有子宫内膜炎肉牛,将患牛分为5组,其中,肉牛单独为一组,奶牛分为4组,每组有7头患牛。每组应用不同的药物治疗,对比每组的治疗效果。结果:在28头奶牛中有3头奶牛有较差的治疗效果,逐渐转化为慢性子宫内膜炎,其总的治愈率为89.29%,而6头患有子宫内膜炎的肉牛则全部治愈,治愈率为100%。结论:在治疗牛子宫内膜炎病时,其诊断方法很重要,可以根据检查牛的阴道及直肠、培养细菌分离、细胞学检查、子宫活组织检查、B超检查等。在临床治疗中,在其子宫内灌注抗生素效果较好,适合在临床上推广应用。     

一例奶牛子宫内膜炎的诊治体会

奶牛子宫内膜炎通过临床症状、直肠检查、阴道检查可以初步判断出子宫内膜炎,再结合子宫内膜冲洗回流液诊断和化学诊断就能确诊。采用子宫冲洗,宫内给药,全身抗生素疗法,可治愈患牛。从该病例的诊断与治疗可以发现子宫内膜炎的发生与难产和奶牛的年龄有关,及早发现及早治疗能够很快使患牛康复、恢复妊娠。     

纳米银对奶牛子宫内膜炎的临床治疗试验

以不同药物对子宫内膜炎患牛分别进行临床治疗。以比较用化学还原法制取的纳米银与盐酸土霉素、环丙沙星、甲砜霉素药物对奶牛子宫内膜炎治疗的疗效。结果表明，纳米银对奶牛子宫内膜炎的治愈率、有效率分别是91．67％和100％，与其他组相比差异显著。说明纳米银对奶牛子宫内膜炎具有较好的疗效。     

Acute-phase protein concentration and metabolic status affect the outcome of treatment in cows with clinical and subclinical endometritis

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of acute-phase protein concentration and metabolic status in the establishment and resistance of clinical endometritis (CE) and subclinical endometritis (SE) in dairy cows. We also characterised the treatment-related changes in the concentration of acute-phase proteins and metabolic variables in dairy cows affected by CE and SE. Cows of the SE and CE groups presented a significantly higher β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), haptoglobin and total sialic acid (TSA) concentrations compared with a healthy group of animals. A significantly lower serum calcium concentration, and a significantly higher serum aspartate aminotransferase activity in the CE group, were observed when compared with SE and healthy groups. The comparison of parameters before treatment indicated that cows suffering from CE or SE with lower concentrations of hepatic and inflammatory markers showed a better response to further treatment, and endometritis was not detected in the second examination. Moreover, decreased concentrations of BHB, acute-phase proteins and hepatic markers were observed after successful treatment for endometritis in CE and SE cows. The results obtained in this study suggest that improved liver function and a decrease in the acute-phase protein concentration might favour the resolution of endometritis after treatment.     

Effect of three programmes for the treatment of endometritis on the reproductive performance of a dairy herd

Three management programmes to improve the reproductive performance of a dairy herd were compared in a prospective controlled field study on one commercial farm. A total of 542 cows were examined for endometritis 22 to 28 days postpartum and assigned to one of three treatment groups: in group 1 the cows with signs of endometritis were treated with an intrauterine infusion of 100 ml of a 2 per cent polycondensated m-cresolsulphuric acid formaldehyde solution; in group 2 the cows with signs of endometritis were treated with an intrauterine infusion of 125 ml of a 20 per cent eucalyptus compositum solution; and in group 3 all the cows were injected intramuscularly with 0.75 mg of tiaprost, an analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) at two-week intervals, starting on day 43, until they were inseminated. Thirty-four per cent of the cows showed signs of endometritis. In group 3, oestrus detection efficiency was significantly higher than in groups 1 and 2 (P<0.05), the interval to first service was shorter, and the cows had fewer days open than the cows in groups 1 and 2 (P<0.05). The results indicate that management programmes based on the strategic use of PGF2alpha are an effective alternative to traditional programmes based on rectal palpations and intrauterine infusions to control endometritis at a herd level.     

Association of endometritis and ovarian follicular cyst with mastitis in dairy cows

The occurrence of multiple metabolic and inflammatory diseases in dairy cows is higher during the periparturient period, which may be triggered by bacterial components, but not a viable bacterium. This study aimed to determine the association of endometritis and ovarian follicular cyst (OFC) with mastitis in dairy cows. Ninety-eight Holstein dairy cows were clinically examined for endometritis and OFC approximately 30–50 days after calving. Blood and milk samples were collected for the determination of milk somatic cell count (SCC); milk interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations; and plasma haptoglobin (Hp) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) concentrations. Of the 98 dairy cows included in this study, 12 were diagnosed with endometritis and 37 cows were identified as OFC-positive, whereas the remaining 49 cows were healthy (without endometritis or OFC). The average and maximum SCCs and plasma Hp and LBP concentrations were not significantly different between the healthy cows and those with endometritis or OFC. However, when the maximum SCC was classified as <300, 300–1,000, or >1,000 × 10³ cells/ml, the percentage of cows with the maximum SCC <300 × 10³ cells/ml was significantly lower in the endometritis and OFC-positive groups than in the healthy group. These results suggested that cows with endometritis and OFC during the postpartum period exhibit high SCC, indicating that some bacterial components can be transferred between organs.     

中药微生态制剂对奶牛子宫内膜炎临床疗效和血液指标的影响

[目的]为了探讨中药微生态制剂对奶牛子宫内膜炎的临床疗效和血液指标的影响。[方法]将中药按组方称取,先用乙醇溶液浸泡,再加热回流提取其有效成分,浓缩至0.5 g/mL,加入葡糖糖煮沸,降温接种乳酸杆菌和红茶菌,制备中药微生态制剂。选取某奶牛场患有子宫内膜炎的泌乳奶牛,随机分成中药微生态治疗组、阳性对照组和阴性对照组,治疗后第7天用阴道镜检查,并同时颈静脉采血,测定用药前后血液中白细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、血清钙、磷含量、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的影响。[结果]中药微生态制剂的治愈率 86.67%、有效率达93.33%;用药前患牛血液中白细胞、中性粒细胞与阴性对照组差异极显著（p﹤0.01）,ALT、AST和LDH与阴性对照组差异极显著（p﹤0.01）,单核细胞、血清钙和磷含量与阴性对照组差异显著（p﹤0.05）,用药后血液中各项指标与阴性对照组均差异不显著（p﹥0.05）。[结论]中药微生态制剂对奶牛子宫内膜炎有良好的治疗效果。     

复方中草药灌注液治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎临床效果观察

目的 研究旨在通过试验观察中草药治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎疗效,以其为临床应用中草药治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎提供参考。方法 将60 头患子宫内膜炎奶牛,随机分成5 组,每组12 头,复方中草药高、中、低剂量组（分别子宫灌注150 mL/头、100 mL/头和50 mL/头）、土霉素组（子宫灌注50 mL/头）和对照组。结果 复方中草药中剂量组和高剂量组的总有效率为75.00%和83.33%,均高于土霉素组的总有效率66.67%;土霉素组在治疗结束后的平均发情天数缩短了14 d,所有复方中草药组的发情天数也缩短了11~19 d;3 个情期内土霉素组受胎率为50.00%,复方中草药组受胎率介于41.67%~66.67%之间。结论 复方中草药对奶牛子宫内膜炎的治疗效果优于土霉素,其中以高剂量组效果最佳。     

Influence of time of initiation of a prostaglandin F2alpha protocol in dairy cows with puerperal endometritis

A field trial was conducted to elucidate the effect of the time of initiation of a repeated PGF2alpha-application in a 14 day interval for treatment of endometritis in dairy cows. On a commercial dairy farm in Brandenburg, Germany, a total of 494 dairy cows were examined by rectal palpation and adspection for signs of endometritis (vaginal discharge, enlarged uterus) between day 20 to 26 post partum (dpp). We performed two further examinations by rectal palpation and external adspection to monitor the puerperal phase (34.-40. dpp, 55.-61. dpp). All cows with symptoms of an endometritis were treated with PGF2alpha (0.15 mg R-Cloprostenol, Preloban, Intervet Deutschland GmbH Unterschleissheim) twice in a 14-day interval. In the group "Early" (n = 146) the first injection of Cloprostenol was administered at time of the 1st examination. In the group "Late" (n = 129) an identical treatment was administered in cows with endometritis, however it was started 14 days later (34.-40. dpp). The incidence of endometritis was 57.7% in the group "Early" and 53.5% in the group "Late" at the first time of examination. The 1st service conception rates for treated cows were 34% in the group "Early" vs. 37% in the group "Late". In the group "Early" differences were found in days open between treated cows with endometritis and untreated controls without symptoms of endometritis (99.1 d vs. 110.8 d, p > 0.05). In the group "Late", days open for treated (106.8 d) and untreated cows (108.0 d) were similar. The severity of endometritis influenced the percentage of cows pregnant at 200 dpp. Regarding cows with a severe endometritis (E2 and E3) the percentage of pregnant cows 200 dpp was higher in the group treated early (E2: 78.4%; E3: 80.0%) than in the group with the late initiation of the treatment (E2: 68.6%; E3: 54.5%, p < 0.05). Cows with a moderate endometritis (E1) had a similar percentage of pregnant cows (200 dpp) as the untreated cows without endometritis. It is concluded that application of PGF2alpha in the 4th and 6th week post partum in a 14 day interval in cases of severe endometritis is more effective than the application of the same treatment two weeks later.     

Evaluation of the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in dairy cattle using ultrasound

The aim of this study was to determine signs of subclinical endometritis found by ultrasound that are associated with reduced fertility in dairy cows.The maximum diameter of the uterine lumen was determined by ultrasound in 324 cows without clinical signs of endometritis after evaluation of the genital tract 21 to 27 days postpartum. Cows were classified into healthy or with subclinical endometritis by three threshold values for the maximum uterine lumen diameter of 0.2 cm, 0.5 cm or 0.8 cm. Examinations by rectal palpation and ultrasound as well as classifications were repeated 14 days later. In addition, ovaries were scanned by ultrasound to determine the stage of the estrous cycle. In a subgroup of 103 cows the echotexture of the uterus and its contents was evaluated. In these cows the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis was performed by a scoring system. The diameter of the uterine lumen was significantly affected by stage of the estrous cycle at the time of examination. However, no effects were found for the stage of the cycle at the time of examination on subsequent reproductive performance. A uterine lumen with a maximum diameter of more than 0.2 cm showed a significant negative association with conception rate and proportion of cows pregnant. Classification based on higher threshold values did not reveal an association with reproductive performance. Echogenic content in the uterus also decreased reproductive performance. A classification based on the echotexture of the uterus and its contents revealed significant differences between healthy cows and cows with subclinical endometritis regarding the proportion of cows inseminated and pregnant.The results of this study showed that the diagnostic of bovine endometritis should be broadend by ultrasonography. The definition of subclinical endometritis diagnosed by means of ultrasonography has to be evaluated in further studies.     

发酵湿料对奶牛产奶量和饲料消化率的影响

[目的]观察饲喂微生物发酵后的发酵湿料对泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛产奶量及其对饲料消化率的影响。[方法]选用全群泌乳期奶牛,按试验目的均匀分为4组,分别为新高产空白组(1组)、新高产试验组(2组)、中低产空白组(3组)、中低产试验组(4组)。新高产试验组(2组)和中低产试验组(4组)每头牛每天饲喂2kg的发酵湿料,新高产空白组(1组)和中低产空白组(3组)不饲喂发酵湿料。[结果]发酵湿料对泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛产奶量有明显影响(P<0.05);新高产试验组(2组)奶牛采食量高于新高产空白组(1组);粪筛数据显示,试验组与空白组相比,粪筛第一层比例普遍低2.80%~4.89%。[结论]泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛饲喂发酵湿料可显著提高奶牛产奶量及其对饲料的消化率。     

Creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase in cows as indicators for endometritis

The aim of the study was to prove a correlation between creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2.) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; EC 2.6.1.1.) activities in serum and the severity of endometritis. We (i) determined clinical and clinical-chemical (CK, AST, bilirubin) parameters on 87 cows with abomasal displacement (DA), (ii) measured CK, AST and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH; EC 1.4.1.2.) in serum and uterine tissue samples in 10 slaughter cows, and (iii) compared the serum reaction (CK, AST, bilirubin) of six healthy, non-pregnant cows after an inter-auterine application of a mild irritating 0.2% peroxyacetic acid (Uterofertil) with that of four healthy cows after an intrauterine application of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Uterine tissue contains high activities of CK (2940 +/- 1140 U/g protein) and AST (159 +/- 25 U/g protein). Cows with DA have increased serum CK and AST activities, which correlate with the degree of endometritis. The DA without endometritis also comes along with slightly increased CK (quartiles 181, 259 and 288 U/l) and AST (101, 138 and 199 U/l) activities. In pregnant cows these activities are higher than in non-pregnant cows. Irritation of the uterus with Uterofertil leads to increased serum CK but not AST. After the exclusion of evaluated CK as a result of muscular damage or hypocalcaemia, this enzyme can be used as a screening parameter in the diagnosis of endometritis. In each clinical case it is necessary to determine if increased AST activities are muscle-, liver- or uterus-dependent.     

奶牛瘤胃酸中毒的微生态制剂疗法

[目的]为探究微生态制剂对奶牛瘤胃酸中毒的治疗效果。[方法]选用40 头泌乳奶牛,随机分为4 组,对照组奶牛饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别饲喂基础日粮+1%、2%和3%的复合微生态制剂,试验周期为预试期7 天,正式试验期30 天。通过检测奶牛生长性能指标、泌乳性能指标和瘤胃发酵参数。[结果]与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的平均日增重、平均日采食量显著提高（P<0.05）,料重比显著降低（P<0.05）,产奶量及牛奶中的乳脂率显著升高（P<0.05）;奶牛瘤胃液pH和乳酸含量显著降低（P<0.05）,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组乙酸、丙酸和丁酸含量显著升高（P<0.05）,乙酸/丙酸比值显著降低（P<0.05）。[结论]奶牛基础日粮中混饲微生态制剂可以提高生长性能和泌乳性能,改善瘤胃发酵参数,治疗瘤胃酸中毒。