脂肪酸结合蛋白及其主要家族基因的研究进展

脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABPs)是胞内脂质结合蛋白超家族成员,存在于脊椎动物和非脊椎动物的细胞内,在细胞内长链脂肪酸的摄取、转运及代谢调节中发挥着重要作用。其中心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)、脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A-FABP)、肝脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(L-FABP)、肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白(I-FABP)是该家族中较常见的4种,分别在不同组织中表达。本文对FABPs的研究概况及该家族主要基因的结构、染色体定位、遗传多样性与性状之间的关系进行论述。     

影响猪肉质性状遗传因素的研究进展

非遗传因素和遗传因素对猪肉质性状均有影响。前者包括饲养条件、转运、屠宰等众多因素。后者即遗传因素是影响猪肉品质的一个重要因素,主要包括控制肌内脂肪(intramuscular fat,IMF)沉积的主效基因MI基因,候选基因心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白(heart fatty acid binding protein,H FABP)基因和脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A FABP)基因;MyoD基因家族是影响猪肉质性状的又一个遗传因素;此外还有氟烷基因、RN基因(rendement napole,RN)等。作者就影响猪肉品质的遗传因素作一综述。     

猪肌内脂肪酸候选基因研究进展

本综述了影响猪肌内脂肪酸候选基因,如心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白基因、MI基因、钙蛋白酶抑制蛋白基因、过氧化氢酶体激活增殖受体基因,存在的问题及应用前景。     

脂肪酸结合蛋白基因与家禽脂质沉积关联研究进展

脂肪酸结合蛋白是脂质结合蛋白超家族成员,是机体脂肪代谢过程的重要调控因子。本文就该基因家族中的心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白、脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白、细胞外脂肪酸结合蛋白、肝脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白和小肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白基因与家禽脂质沉积关联的研究进展作一简要综述。     

脂肪酸结合蛋白A-FABP和E-FABP的研究进展

脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABPs)是一族同源性较高的细胞内蛋白质,对脂肪酸有很高的亲和力。其主要作用是调节脂肪酸的摄取和胞内运输,将脂肪酸从细胞膜运送到甘油三酯和磷酸的合成场所。本文介绍了2种脂肪酸结合蛋白A-FABP和E-FABP的组织分布、结构特性及脂肪酸的结构功能,同时进一步阐述了A-FABP和E-FABP的基因结构以及二者的相关性。     

猪肌内脂肪调控研究进展

猪肌内脂肪含量在很大程度上影响着猪肉的嫩度、多汁性和风味,本文在简述猪肌内脂肪含量测定技术的基础上,着重阐述了心型脂肪酸结合蛋白基因(H-FABP)和脂肪细胞定向和分化因子-1基因(ADD1)等肌内脂肪沉积主要候选基因以及micro RNAs对猪肌内脂肪沉积和代谢的调控作用,以期为利用基因调控改善猪的肌内脂肪含量提供参考。     

FABPs家族基因的研究进展

综述了脂肪酸结合蛋白(fatty acid-binding protein,FABP)的类型、分布。对肝脏型(Live fatty acid binding protein,L-FABP)、肠型(Intestinal fatty acid binding protein,I-FABP)、心脏型(Hear fatty acid binding protein,H-FABP)、脂肪细胞型(Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein,A-FABP)基因结构类型、基因多态性等相关研究进展进行了阐述,为利用FABPs基因改良和提高家畜产品数量和品质提供参考。     

脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白基因的研究概况

脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A-FABP)又称FABP4、aP2、脂肪细胞脂类结合蛋白(ALBP)、p422或p15,是脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABPs)家族中的一员。A-FABP最早于脂肪组织中发现,是FABPs家族中研究较多的一个基因,分布广泛,但主要是在脂肪细胞和巨噬细胞中表达。近年来,有关A-FABP的研究成为热点,本文就其研究现状作一综述。     

H-FABP基因在脂肪沉积中作用的研究进展

心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(heart fatty acid binding protein,H-FABP)是脂肪酸结合蛋白家族中的一员,在长链脂肪酸摄取与氧化中起重要作用,常被作为影响脂肪沉积的候选基因之一加以研究.作者就H-FABP基因在猪、鸡、牛等动物脂肪沉积中的研究作一简要综述,并探讨了H-FABP基因作为影响脂肪沉积的候选基因的实际意义.     

脂肪酸结合蛋白3在乳脂合成信号转导通路中的研究进展

脂肪酸结合蛋白3（fatty acid binding protein 3,FABP3）是脂肪酸结合蛋白家族成员之一,广泛存在于心肌、骨骼肌和泌乳期乳腺等对脂肪酸有高度需求的组织中。它参与胞内脂肪酸的短暂存储和运输,使脂肪酸进入线粒体能量代谢体系,氧化分解并产生ATP,为组织提供能量。它与脂肪酸结合形成胞内外浓度差,促进细胞摄取脂肪酸。作者主要介绍了FABP3基因及蛋白质结构、生物学功能和临床应用,并对其在乳脂合成信号转导通路中的研究进展进行了综述。     

脂肪酸结合蛋白7的研究进展

脂肪酸结合蛋白7(FABP7)是脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABPs)家族成员之一,FABP7基因对大脑发育及中枢神经系统的调节至关重要。同时,FABP7位于脂质代谢的经典通路PPAR通路中,在脂质代谢、基因调控、细胞生长和分化过程中发挥重要的作用。目前,关于FABP7基因的研究主要集中于大脑发育及中枢神经系统的调节,对于家畜脂质代谢分子机制方面的研究相对较少。本文对FABP7的结构、分布及其在脂质代谢、神经系统和癌细胞增殖相关研究进展进行阐述,为今后利用FABP7基因相关育种研究提供参考。     

Fatty acid‐binding protein expression in the gastrointestinal tract of calves and cows

Fatty acid‐binding protein (FABP) has high affinity for long‐chain fatty acids and appears to participate in the metabolism and intracellular transport of lipids. Liver‐ and intestinal‐type FABP (L‐FABP and I‐FABP, respectively) are expressed in the small intestine. However, in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, expression and localization of FABPs are unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of I‐FABP and L‐FABP in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle. I‐ and L‐FABP had higher messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels in the duodenum and jejunum relatively to other gastrointestinal regions in both calves and cows. Furthermore, L‐FABP mRNA and protein expression were high in the colon. Both these protein types were confirmed to be in the cytosol of jejunal epithelial cells, where they were found in the villi rather than in the crypts. We concluded that duodenal and jejunal FABPs might be involved in the metabolism of fatty acids mainly in epithelial cells in cattle.     

Investigation of two candidate genes for meat quality traits in a quantitative trait locus region on SSC6: the porcine short heterodimer partner and heart fatty acid binding protein genes

A highly significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) on pig chromosome 6, affecting intramuscular fat (IMF), has previously been detected by our group and others. Two genes of positional and biological interest, the small heterodimer partner (SHP; NR0B2) and the heart fatty acid binding protein (FABP3; H‐FABP), were investigated for meat quality traits and IMF respectively. SHP was partially sequenced (GenBank: DQ002896 and DQ002897 ) and mapped to the QTL region on porcine chromosome 6, affecting IMF. The map shows no recombination between SHP and FABP3, which was previously mapped to the same QTL region. Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in the sequenced region of SHP gene. Haplotype information was used to investigate association between genetic variation and different meat quality traits. SHP haplotype combinations were found to have significant effect on connective tissue. However, further studies are needed to evaluate this possible association more effectively. The FABP3 is involved in fatty acid transport and has been studied as a candidate gene for IMF by several research groups. In our study, FABP3 genotypes were confirmed to be significantly associated with IMF in pigs. The average content of IMF in our population was 1.6%, which may indicate that the FABP3 polymorphism explains as much as 30–35% of the variation in IMF in our pig cross‐population.     

动物脂肪酸转运蛋白1的研究进展

脂肪含量对人类和动物健康以及动物肉品质均有重要影响.脂肪酸转运蛋白1(fatty acid transport protein 1,FATP1)是整合的跨膜蛋白,属于脂肪酸转运蛋白家族(FATPs)成员,参与脂肪酸跨膜转运及脂肪酸代谢,是影响脂肪含量的关键基因之一,近年来引起了越来越多的关注.本文就FATP1的结构特点...     

Effect of DNA polymorphisms related to fatty acid composition in adipose tissue of Holstein cattle

Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue has been recognized as an important carcass trait because of its relationship with eating quality such as favorable beef flavor and tenderness. Therefore, we investigated the effects of genetic polymorphisms of liver X receptor, alpha (LXR), stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD), Fatty acid synthase (FASN), and Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) on fatty acid composition in intramuscular fat tissue of Holstein steers. The major allele frequencies were 0.705 in SCD, 0.518 in FABP4, 0.888 in FASN, and 0.984 in LXR. Genotyping of SCD showed significant effect on C14:0, C14:1, C18:0 and saturated fatty acid (P < 0.05). In addition, the result suggested that SCD genotype possibly had effect on composition of C18:1 and monounsaturated fatty acid. Genotype of FABP4 had significant effect on composition of C16:0. Effect of LXR genotypes could not be analyze because of extremely biased genotype frequencies. Our results suggest that genotypes of SCD and FABP4 may in part affect meat quality in Holstein.     

长期饲喂不同蛋白质水平饲粮对猪脂肪代谢相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究长期饲喂不同蛋白质水平饲粮对猪脂肪代谢相关基因表达的影响。试验选用18头三元(杜×长×大)杂交28日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头。对照组[高粗蛋白质(HCP)组]采用符合NRC(2012)推荐营养需要的饲粮,试验组是根据NRC(2012)标准,在添加赖氨酸(Lys)、蛋氨酸(Met)、苏氨酸(Thr)、色氨酸(Try)4种必需氨基酸基础上,将饲粮蛋白质水平分别降低3%[中粗蛋白质(MCP)组]和6%[低粗蛋白质(LCP)组]。试验期125 d。结果表明:1)在肝脏中,与HCP组相比,LCP组显著降低脂肪酸合成相关基因乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、苹果酸酶1(ME1)及锚蛋白1(ANK1)的基因表达量(P0.05);同时显著提高脂肪酸转运相关基因过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)及脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP)的基因表达量(P0.05);而MCP组与HCP组相比,脂肪酸合成、转运相关基因表达量均无显著性差异(P0.05);与HCP组相比,MCP及LCP组均显著降低脂肪酸氧化分解相关基因、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)、肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶(CPT)的基因表达量(P0.05)。2)在背最长肌(LDM)中,MCP组中脂肪酸合成相关基因胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBP)、FAS、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(SCD)的基因表达量显著高于其他2组(P0.05);ACC及FABP在LCP组的基因表达量显著低于其他2组(P0.05);CPT基因表达量及LDM的肌内脂肪(IM F)含量在LCP及M CP组显著低于HCP组(P0.05)。3)肝脏和LDM中,各组甘油三酯脂酶(ATG L)及二烯酰辅酶A还原酶(DECR)基因表达量均无显著性差异(P0.05)。由此可见,在NRC(2012)基础上,适当的降低饲粮蛋白质水平(3%)可促进LDM中脂肪酸合成、转运相关基因的表达,但对肝脏中脂肪酸合成相关基因的表达无显著影响;适当的降低饲粮蛋白质水平(3%)可降低LDM及肝脏中脂肪酸氧化分解相关基因的表达,但并不增加LDM肌内脂肪含量。     

Evaluation of FABP2 as candidate gene for a fatty acid composition QTL in porcine chromosome 8

The objective of this work was to analyse the porcine Fatty acid binding protein 2, intestinal ( FABP2 ) gene as a candidate gene for a fatty acid composition quantitative trait loci (QTL) previously described on porcine chromosome 8 in an Iberian by Landrace F₂ cross (IBMAP). Re-sequencing of the porcine FABP2 gene in three Iberian and eight Landrace parental animals resulted in the identification of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms, all of them localized in intron 1. The polymorphism FABP2 :g.412T>C, localized in intron 1, and two additional microsatellites were genotyped in the IBMAP population in order to perform an association test of the FABP2 gene and to better define the QTL position previously described. Association analyses of the FABP2 :g.412T>C with the fatty acid composition traits were not significant in simple association and marker-assisted association tests, suggesting that the FABP2 region sequenced is not responsible for the QTL. However, the addition of three new markers to the pedigree allowed us to define the S0144–SW61 marker interval as the most likely QTL position, facilitating the future study of other candidate genes for this QTL.     

金华猪回肠菌群结构和脂肪酸结合蛋白发育性变化与脂肪沉积的相关性研究

本试验旨在研究金华猪回肠菌群结构和脂肪酸结合蛋白发育性变化及其与脂肪沉积的相关性。试验分别选取45（D45）、90（D90）、150（D150）和270（D270）日龄体重相近的健康金华猪各4头，测定其体重和背膘厚；并采集回肠黏膜及其内容物，通过荧光定量PCR测定回肠黏膜中脂肪酸结合蛋白基因的表达，采用基于16S rRNA基因的高通量测序分析金华猪回肠菌群结构。结果表明：1）随着日龄的增加，金华猪体重和背膘厚均显著增加（P<0.05）。2）回肠黏膜中脂肪酸结合蛋白（fatty acids binding protein，FABP）编码基因FABP1、FABP2和FABP4表达量随着日龄的增加均呈显著增加（P<0.05）。3）厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）为金华猪回肠的优势菌门；在属水平上，狭义梭菌属1（Clostridium sensu stricto 1）、乳酸菌属（Lactobacillus）、土孢杆菌属（Terrisporobacter）、Romboutsia和链球菌属（Streptococcus）为主要优势菌属；随着日龄的增加，狭义梭菌属1（Clostridium sensu stricto 1）和链球菌属（Streptococcus）相对丰度先增加后降低；乳酸菌属（Lactobacillus）、土孢杆菌属（Terrisporobacter）和Romboutsia相对丰度先降低后增加；PCoA分析表明，各日龄有显著不同的聚类。4） Spearman相关性分析表明，金华猪回肠黏膜中脂肪酸结合蛋白FABP1、FABP2和FABP4表达水平与背膘厚的相关性系数分别为0.480 1、0.597 9和0.795 3；金华猪回肠菌属Epulopiscium和Mycoplasma与脂肪酸结合蛋白FABP1、FABP2和FABP4和背膘厚的相关性系数范围分别为0.38~0.76、0.45~0.64。由此可见，金华猪回肠菌群结构和脂肪酸结合蛋白表达水平呈现发育性变化，且与脂肪沉积存在一定的相关性。     

鹅肥肝形成相关基因的研究进展

鹅肥肝与鲟鱼子酱、黑菌被西方人誉为世界三大美食。对于肥肝产业而言,加强对鹅遗传育种的研究,培育产肝鹅新品系有着重要的意义。作者依据肥肝形成机制,综述了近年来研究发现的影响肥肝形成的相关基因,包括主要参与脂肪合成的硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(SCD-1)、脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、肝X受体(LXRα)、脂肪酸长链延伸因子6(ELOVL-6)、固醇调节元件结合蛋-1c(SREBP-1c)、碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白(CHREBP)基因,参与脂肪转运的脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A-FABP)、长链酯酰辅酶A合成酶1(ACSL1)基因,以及参与脂肪氧化的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)、胆固醇7a轻化酶(CYP7A1)基因等。