大莱二元猪胴体性能及肉品质研究

研究测定了莱芜猪与大约克猪杂交后代的胴体性能、肉质性状及背最长肌氨基酸、脂肪酸含量.结果表明,大莱二元猪屠前体重116.17 kg,胴体瘦肉率51.59％,肉色评分为4.00、大理石纹评分为3.75,pH16.49,肌内脂肪含量5.73％.每100 g背最长肌氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸含量分别为18.03 ...     

影响猪肌内脂肪含量的几个基因研究现状

猪肉肌内脂肪是决定肉质的一个重要指标,主要由遗传因素控制,利用DNA标记进行标记辅助选择(MAS)来改良猪肌内脂肪含量应是行之有效的方法。基于此,本文简要介绍了影响猪肌内脂肪含量的主基因、候选基因及PPARv基因的当前研究状况,及其与猪肌内脂肪含量的关系,旨在为猪肌内脂肪的改良提供参考。     

豫南黑猪及其杂交后代肉质性状及营养成分特性研究

在相同饲养管理条件下,利用杜洛克、巴克夏和苏太猪分别与豫南黑猪开展杂交试验,以纯种豫南黑猪为对照,分析三种杂交F1代猪肉常规肉质性状、营养成分、氨基酸组成、必需氨基酸评分及脂肪酸组成情况。结果表明:豫南黑猪纯种繁育后代的肌内脂肪、5种鲜味氨基酸和8种必需氨基酸的含量均高于其它杂交组合,但差异不显著(P0.05);豫南黑猪及其三种杂交组合F1代常规肉质指标表现优良,其中与杜洛克杂交显著增大了眼肌面积(P0.05),与巴克夏杂交显著提高了熟肉率(P0.05),与苏太猪杂交显著提高了肌肉嫩度(P0.05);不同杂交组合对猪肉中氨基酸的含量影响不显著(P0.05)。在四个杂交群体的背最长肌中,5种饱和脂肪酸含量各杂交组合间差异不显著(P0.05),但与苏太猪杂交后代6种不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于其它杂交组合(P0.05)。豫南黑猪肉质优良,其鲜味氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,与苏太猪杂交后的肉质综合效果好,与杜洛克和巴克夏杂交后的肉质性状突出,为豫南黑猪进一步开发利用提供一定的理论依据和技术支持。     

巴克夏与梅山猪杂交效果分析

为分析巴克夏猪与梅山猪的杂交效果,研究对巴×梅猪开展生长性能及胴体肉质性能测定,结果表明,巴梅猪(巴克夏猪♂×梅山猪♀)的初生均重为1.13 kg,肥育阶段日增重为680.94 g,肥育阶段料重比为3.34;120 kg体重屠宰,肌内脂肪含量为3.78%,瘦肉率为44.69%,肉色5.90,剪切力28.58 N。巴梅猪具有较好的杂种优势,兼具父本初生重大、生长速度快和母本肉质好的特性,是一种值得推广的经济杂交模式。     

影响猪肌内脂肪含量的几个基因研究现状

猪肉肌内脂肪是决定肉质的一个重要指标，主要由遗传因素控制，利用DNA标记进行标记辅助选择(MAS)来改良猪肌内脂肪含量应是行之有效的方法。基于此，本文简要介绍了影响猪肌内脂肪含量的主基因、候选基因及PPARγ基因的当前研究状况，及其与猪肌内脂肪含量的关系，旨在为猪肌内脂肪的改良提供参考。     

凉山黑猪及其杂交后代的胴体性能和肉品质测定

本试验通过测定凉山黑猪及其杂交后代的胴体性能及肉质品质,结果发现随着杂交程度的增加,猪只的毛色、体型和肉质皆发生变化,其中瘦肉率和眼肌面积等明显提高,肌肉脂肪含量逐渐下降;含黑猪血缘50％以上的杂交比例能较好地保持凉山黑猪的肌内脂肪含量在3％以上.     

梅山猪、通城猪与湖北白猪的杂交猪生产性能观察

此试验以梅山猪、通城猪为父本,测定其与湖北白猪的杂交猪肥育性能、胴体与肉质性状及繁殖性能。结果表明,梅湖杂交猪肥育期日增重514.39g、料重比3.56、瘦肉率56.53%、肌内脂肪含量3.91%,初产母猪产仔数12.36头、产活仔数11.73头,二胎母猪窝产仔数15.67头、产活仔数15.17头;通湖杂交猪肥育期日增重511.47g、料重比3.72、瘦肉率53.72%、肌内脂肪含量3.51%,初产母猪产仔数10.32头、产活仔数10.24头,二胎母猪产仔数12.20头、产活仔数11.80头。两组合料重比、初产产活仔数差异显著;瘦肉率、肌内脂肪含量、初产及二胎产仔数差异极显著。说明杂交猪具有良好的繁殖性能和胴体与肉质性状,且梅湖杂交组合效果优于通湖杂交组合。     

杂交对小梅山猪肉品质的影响

小梅山猪杂交后，除背最长肌嫩度改善外，其它肉品质指标都有不同程度下降，除背最长肌肉色外，全部肉品质指标均为小梅山猪大于约小梅猪，约小梅猪大于长约小梅猪。一些肉质性状间相关显著，背最长肌和半肌肌纤维直径约为长约小梅猪显著大于小梅山猪和约小梅猪，小梅山猪和约小梅猪差异不显著，全群猪肌纤维直径除与熟肉率呈正相关外，与其它肉质指标都呈负相关。     

子午岭野猪F1代肉质初步研究

F1代猪是由子午岭野公猪与当地家猪杂交所产后代,通过对其屠宰性能和肉质方面的初步研究结果表明,F1杂种猪相对体型较小,生长速度慢,但背膘薄、后躯发达,肌内脂肪含量适宜,瘦肉率较地方猪种高,肉色较深,失水率低,肌纤维直径较细.     

猪肌内脂肪与肉品质的关系及其影响因素的研究进展

肌内脂肪是影响肉品质的关键因素之一,影响着肉的嫩度、系水力、风味和多汁性。影响猪肌内脂肪沉积的因素较复杂,主要受品种、年龄、性别、营养、基因等多个因素影响。文章介绍了猪肌内脂肪的来源及其含量与猪肉嫩度、系水力、风味3个肉质性状的关联性,证实肌内脂肪与肉品质两者之间存在显著相关性;简述了影响猪肌内脂肪含量的几个主要因素,包括品种、体重、性别和日粮能量、蛋白质、维生素A等相关营养水平,脂肪酸合酶、心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白、脂联素等几个关键基因;初步阐释了这些因素对肌内脂肪沉积的影响及脂肪代谢机理,总结影响因素与肌内脂肪之间的规律;分析发现育种、候选基因和营养调控是改善肌内脂肪含量最有效的方法,将肉质更优的本土猪与外来猪进行杂交或对本土猪进行基因改良可能是未来较为有潜力的研究方向。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。