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猪场废水的生物处理技术及其效果 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
规模化养猪场所产生的废水污染,已成我国农村面临污染的重要来源。针对这种污染,近年来出现了多种养猪场废水处理法,其中研究和应用最广的是生物处理法。本文通过对目前国内猪场废水生物处理法的现状分析后认为:用生物处理法处理猪场废水是今后猪场废水处理的发展方向;而生物处理法自身的发展方向是混合处理法;计算机和生物工程技术将进一步与生物处理法相结合运用于猪场废水处理。 相似文献
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规模化养猪场所产生的废水污染,已成我国农村面临污染的重要来源.针对这种污染,近年来出现了多种养猪场废水处理法,其中研究和应用最广的是生物处理法.本文通过对目前国内猪场废水生物处理法的现状分析后认为用生物处理法处理猪场废水是今后猪场废水处理的发展方向;而生物处理法自身的发展方向是混合处理法;计算机和生物工程技术将进一步与生物处理法相结合运用于猪场废水处理. 相似文献
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正为探讨猪场废水的有效处置方法,降低猪场废水处理生产成本,防止和减少猪场在处理废水过程中新污染物的产生,尝试性地开展了新鲜石灰处理猪场废水试验。1试验方法分别从好氧池、三级氧化塘中取出废水,设置对照组试验组,其中对照组为一个样品,在100mL 相似文献
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规模化猪场废水中含有高浓度的氨氮,如不加以去除,将给环境造成很大的压力。本文分析了国内外现阶段几种去除猪场废水中氨氮的技术:包括物理吹脱、沸石离子交换、还田利用、人工湿地处理、生物硝化反硝化处理。此外,着重介绍了两种极具发展前景的新工艺:短程硝化反硝化、短程硝化--厌氧氨氧化工艺。 相似文献
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猪场废水中氮的去除研究现状 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
规模化猪场废水中合有高浓度的氨氮,如不加以去除,将给环境造成很大的压力。本文分析了国内外现阶段几种去除猪场废水中氨氮的技术:包括物理吹脱、沸石离子交换、还田利用、人工湿地处理、生物硝化反硝化处理。此外,着重介绍了两种极具发展前景的新工艺:短程硝化反硝化、短程硝化一厌氧氨氧化工艺。 相似文献
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降低规模化养猪场对环境污染的营养措施 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在现代养殖业中,规模化猪场已经成为一个不可忽视的污染源.笔者就规模化猪场排泄物、废弃物等带来的环境污染问题,以及如何通过营养措施降低规模化养猪场给环境造成的污染进行了综述. 相似文献
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养殖废水的排放会导致水体富营养化,破坏水体自然生态系统。控制养殖废水生成是必要的,以保持可持续的水产养殖发展。由于饲料是水产养殖的主要废弃物来源,水产养殖废弃物的管理应通过饲料配方或饲养策略来进行。高消化日粮是解决和降低固体废物排放的有效方案。通过选择饲料原料和饲料加工以提高营养有效性,可进一步减少固体废物。通过控制饲料采食,增加粪便浓度可以提高固体清除效率,降低废水中固体物质比例,改善农田水质。通过确保蛋白质和能量之间的平衡,使鱼类利用非蛋白资源,可以减少溶解氮的浪费。通过对原料的精心选择和适当处理可以减少磷的浪费,提高消化率。由于饲料废弃物是水产养殖废水排放的主要组成部分,应采取适当的饲料定量和阶段饲喂方法。 相似文献
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The epidemiology of infection with the intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira pilosicoli within pig herds is incompletely understood. To investigate this further, cross-sectional and cohort studies were undertaken on two piggeries. Faeces were subjected to selective culture, and DNA was extracted from growth on the primary media and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). On one farm, samples from other animal species and the environment were also examined. Isolates were subjected to multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The prevalence on farm A (>2000 sows) was 2.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3, 4.4%). Infection was largely confined to grower/finisher pigs. The six isolates of B. pilosicoli recovered belonged to a single MLEE electrophoretic type (ET) and a single PFGE type. On piggery B, an 80-sow unit located on a research farm, the prevalence amongst growers and finishers was 12.2% (95% CI: 4.7, 19.6%). There was also evidence that weaners were being infected. Ten isolates obtained were genetically heterogeneous, being divided into six ETs and seven PFGE types. One of four isolates in one ET had an identical PFGE type to those on piggery A, and may have been introduced to piggery B in stock from piggery A. On farm B, B. pilosicoli was also detected by PCR in chickens, effluent pond water and wild ducks on the pond. An isolate from the pond belonged to the same ET as one from a pig, whereas the duck isolates were distinct. This study demonstrates the complex epidemiology of B. pilosicoli infections in piggeries. 相似文献
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为了研究微生物发酵床猪舍空气微生物的组成,采用自然沉降法对猪舍空气微生物进行收集,利用16S rRNA序列分析及形态观察确定微生物的分类,揭示猪舍空气微生物的多样性。从猪舍空气中共分离到细菌60余株,经过16S rRNA基因序列的同源性比对,最终确定27个代表菌株进行后续分析。分析结果表明,27株细菌中包含芽孢杆菌属14个种(51.9%),假单胞菌5个种(18.5%),葡萄球菌4个种(14.8%),苍白杆菌属、类芽孢杆菌属、赖氨酸芽孢杆菌属及单胞菌属各1个种;27株细菌中包含5种条件致病菌,6种有机物降解菌。采用SPSS分析将猪舍空气微生物按采集地点明显聚成6类:仅分布于猪舍下风处的菌、仅分布于猪舍上风处的菌、仅分布于猪舍外的菌、猪舍上风和下风处共有菌、猪舍下风处和猪舍外共有菌及3处共有菌。对猪舍空气微生物空间分布的研究显示,猪舍下风处微生物种类较多,有20种,多于猪舍上风处和猪舍外部,其中15种为下风处特有种。由于微生物以气溶胶的形式存在,猪舍内相邻位置具有相似的微生物组成。以上研究结果表明,微生物发酵床猪舍空气微生物种类丰富,且微生物分布与风向相关。 相似文献
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生猪养殖污水中污染物负荷高,处理难度大,对环境造成潜在风险。菌藻共生系统是微藻与细菌的共生系统,目前已在国内外开展了广泛研究,可高效去除污水中的氮、磷等污染物,具有较好的开发应用前景。本文就近年来菌藻共生系统对生猪养殖污水中氮、磷和重金属等的处理效果展开综述,深入介绍藻菌间在氮磷营养元素利用等方面的互作机制,并对可能影响处理生猪养殖污水效果的因素和相关光反应器装置进行分析汇总,为菌藻共生系统在生猪养殖污水处置中的应用提供科学参考。 相似文献
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The handling of animal wastes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J C Hawkins 《The Veterinary record》1978,102(8):162-165
Most farm problems with animal wastes occur in modern intensive livestock enterprises where manure is handled as a slurry. It is not practical to treat slurry in the same way as domestic sewage: it should be used on land as a source of plant nutrients. On most farms, this can be done only at certain times of the year and so slurry has to be stored. Storage gives rise to problems of mixing, handling, application, pollution, smell and pathogen survival which can often be solved by separating slurry with special machinery into solid and liquid fractions. Where odour is a serious problem, however, some form of limited aeration will usually provide the best solution. For intensive pig units on limited land close to houses, the NIAE has evolved a new system of slurry treatment which can convert all the slurry from a fattening piggery into inoffensive solids. When incorporated into a piggery for 500 pigs being planned by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, the system should also reduce smell substantially both inside and outside the building. 相似文献