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1.
目前我市使用的禽流感疫苗均为油乳剂灭活苗,由于油乳剂疫苗使用矿物油作为载体,注射后吸收较为缓慢,肉鸡胸肌注射禽流感油乳剂疫苗0.5ml,30d后才基本上完全吸收,因肉鸡特别是快速型肉鸡饲养时间短,油乳剂疫苗在肌肉中残留,严重影响鸡肉的品质,一定程度上影响了养禽场(户)进行禽流感二免的积极性。因此,在2006年4月开始,  相似文献   

2.
用萜油角鲨烷(Squalane)或角鲨烯(Squalene)或二者混合物制备的灭活新城疫油乳剂苗,免疫4周龄仔鸡,依据HI效价其效果可与矿物油苗相当,而比萜油苗肌注3周后的局部反应轻得多,萜油苗的粘度令人满意,但当抗原量从5%增加到20%时,其粘度要比矿物油苗增加3-4倍。矿物油制备的单价和多价疫苗广泛用于控制各种禽病效果很好,但矿物油在组织中滞留时间较长,可能致癌并能引起较重的局部反应,免疫接种的鸡42天后才能屠宰上市,角鲨烷和角鲨烯是一种皮酯油,已应用于疫苗,以提高疫苗效力,本研究旨在检测以萜油代替矿物油制备的疫苗的效力和相关的组织损害,。  相似文献   

3.
目前在我国使用的禽流感疫苗均为油乳剂灭活苗,使用方法为皮下或肌肉注射0.3-0.5毫升,水禽剂量一般是鸡的2倍,由于肌肉注射在操作上比皮下注射方便,除苗禽外,一般都使用肌肉注射的方法免疫。由于油乳剂疫苗使用矿物油作为载体,注射后吸收较为缓慢,在家禽中很少使用,尤其在肉禽中使用更为少见,由于肉禽饲养时间短,油乳剂疫苗会在肌肉中残留,影响品质,我们通过本试验对肉禽肌肉注射禽流感疫苗的吸收情况进行观察。  相似文献   

4.
前言杂交瘤细胞在活体内可以得到很快的扩展,同时,利用引入桨淋巴细胞于经矿物油激活的小鼠腹腔内来生产大量的单克隆抗体.降植烷是矿物油中的一种成分,通常用于激活小鼠。Ho-ogenevaad 等(1983)综合研究测定了注射降植烷和注射杂交瘤细胞之间最适宜的间隔时间为10天。收获腹水时间于注射杂交瘤后12天。  相似文献   

5.
肉禽肌肉注射禽流感疫苗后的吸收情况观察   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目前在我国使用的禽流感疫苗均为油乳剂灭活苗,使用方法为皮下或肌肉注射0.3~0.5 ml,水禽剂量一般是鸡的2倍.由于肌肉注射在操作上比皮下注射方便,除苗禽外,一般都使用肌肉注射的方法免疫.由于油乳剂疫苗使用矿物油作为载体,注射后吸收较为缓慢,在家禽中很少使用,尤其在肉禽中使用更为少见,因为肉禽饲养时间短,油乳剂疫苗会在肌肉中残留,影响品质.我们通过本试验对肉禽肌肉注射禽流感疫苗的吸收情况进行观察.  相似文献   

6.
恩诺沙星在猪组织中残留消除规律研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
在常规饲养条件下,对健康猪按2.5 mg/kg体重的剂量肌肉注射2.5%恩诺沙星注射液,每日2次,连续注射3 d.停药后第2、4、6、8、10、12、14天分别屠宰4头猪.分别采取每头猪的肌肉(注射部位)、脂肪(腹脂)、肝和肾脏等4种组织,用高效液相色谱法进行残留量测定.结果表明:残留在肌肉、脂肪组织中的药物消除较快,第8天总残留量(恩诺沙星 环丙沙星)已下降至检测限(20μg/kg)以下;肝和肾脏组织中的药物消除缓慢,第14天测得猪肾中药物总残留量为40μg/kg.  相似文献   

7.
禽流感(Avian influenza,AI)为A型流感病毒(Avian influenza virus,AIV)引起的禽类流行性感冒.其中H5亚型禽流感病毒引起的高致病性禽流感已使大量家禽和野禽感染、死亡,并危及到人类生命安全,现已成为全球密切关注的影响人类健康和其他生物及环境安全的严重疫病[1].免疫禽流感疫苗是防控禽流感的有效方法,目前在我国使用的禽流感疫苗均为油乳剂灭活苗,使用方法为皮下或肌肉注射.但由于油乳剂疫苗使用矿物油作为免疫佐剂和载体,注射后吸收较为缓慢,易在注射部位残留,影响产品品质[2].为此,笔者对几种常用禽流感疫苗在肉鸡注射部位的吸收和残留情况进行了试验.  相似文献   

8.
为了研究三种国产白油用于油乳剂灭活疫苗时的安全性和有效性,试验对三种不同工艺生产的国产白油(004、006、009)及进口白油(Marcol 52)进行了检测,分别制备鸡新城疫、禽流感(H9亚型)二联油乳剂灭活疫苗,将四种疫苗以0.5 mL/只剂量经颈背部皮下免疫7日龄SPF鸡,分别于免疫后第14,21,28天剖检观察注射部位,并对注射部位进行组织病理学观察。四种疫苗以0.3 mL/只剂量经颈背部皮下免疫7日龄SPF鸡,分别于免疫后第14,28,60天采血测定鸡新城疫病毒和H9亚型禽流感病毒HI抗体效价。结果表明:006白油中C16~C20含量最高,009白油最低。四种疫苗均未引起免疫鸡出现精神及食欲下降等全身反应以及硬结、脓肿、溃烂等注射局部的不良反应,但C16~C20含量最高的006白油制备的疫苗吸收速度更快,在免疫后第14,21天注射部位疫苗残留最少。组织病理学观察可见,在免疫后第14~21天时,注射部位均有未吸收疫苗形成的空泡,空泡周围有炎性细胞浸润,但在免疫后第21天006白油制备的疫苗注射部位疫苗残留形成的空泡明显少于其他三种白油制备的疫苗。C16~C20含量最高的006白油制备的疫苗,抗体产生速度、抗体峰值及持续时间均优于其他三种白油制备的疫苗。说明白油中C16~C20含量越高,安全性和有效性越强,二者呈正相关。  相似文献   

9.
长效盐酸多西环素注射液在猪体内残留的消除规律   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在常规饲养条件下,对35头健康成年猪按10 mg/kg体质量的剂量肌肉注射10%长效盐酸多西环素注射液,给药2次,给药间隔时间为48 h。第2次给药后12 h及2、5、9、14、192、5 d分别屠宰5头猪,分别采取每头猪的肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、皮肤+脂肪和注射位点肌肉等5种组织,用高效液相色谱法进行残留量测定。结果表明:在第2次给药后19 d,多西环素在各组织均能检测到,且残留均低于残留限量。多西环素残留浓度大小顺序:注射部位(肾脏(肝脏(皮脂(肌肉。采用WT1.4软件制定的统计方法来处理猪组织中药物浓度-时间数据,以制定休药期。  相似文献   

10.
羊源致病性柠檬酸杆菌4种佐剂灭活疫苗的免疫效果比较   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为筛选羊源弗氏柠檬酸杆菌灭活菌体疫苗的合适佐剂,本研究以灭活羊源弗氏柠檬酸杆菌LK-1株为抗原分别制备其矿物油疫苗、铝胶疫苗、GEL疫苗和ISA201疫苗。将4种不同佐剂疫苗分别背部皮下免疫小鼠(0.2 mL/只)和颈部肌肉免疫羊(2 mL/只)进行疫苗安全性试验。用4种不同佐剂疫苗分别背部皮下免疫小鼠(0.2 mL/只)两次后使用3 LD50的LK-1株进行腹腔攻击;颈部肌肉免疫羊(2 mL/只)两次后使用2个致死剂量的LK-1株进行耳静脉攻击,比较4种不同佐剂疫苗对小鼠和羊的保护率并对小鼠和羊免疫血清进行微量凝集抗体检测。疫苗安全性试验结果显示,矿物油疫苗导致接种动物出现严重的精神沉郁、食欲减退、以及接种部位发生肿胀坏死和疫苗残留等不良反应;其它3种佐剂疫苗不良反应较轻微。动物免疫试验结果显示,4种佐剂疫苗对小鼠的攻毒保护率分别为85%、50%、80%、100%,对羊的保护率分别为100%、75%、0、100%。4种佐剂疫苗综合比较,ISA201疫苗使接种动物产生最轻微的副反应,而且能产生较高的抗体水平和最强的保护力。本研究为进一步开发羊柠檬酸杆菌病的灭活疫苗奠定基础。  相似文献   

11.
This study was conducted to determine meat quality between the hybrid F1 and F2 generations from Gallus gallus (♂) and Wen-chang chicken (♀).60 1-day-old the hybrid F1 and F2 generations from Gallus gallus (♂)and Wen-chang chicken (♀) were randomly allotted to 2 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 broilers per replicate,and were supplemented with the same diets. Ten hybrid F1 and F2 generations in each replicate were randomly selected to slaughter and sampled breast and leg meat to determine meat characteristics of meat on day 90 and 120.The results showed that meat traits of muscle between the hybrid F1 and F2 generations were significant differences at 90 and 120 days (P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in pH and warner-bratzler shear force (WBS) of breast and pH of leg meat at 90 old days and 24 h drip loss and WBS of breast and leg meat and pH24 h of leg meat at 120 old days (P>0.05). The diameter and density of muscle fibre were significant difference between the hybrid F1 and F2 generations (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in that of leg meat at 120 old days (P>0.05),and hybrid F2 generation muscle fiber density was higher than that in hybrid F1 generation,especially the hen.There were no significant differences in the dry matter,crude protein and crude fat content and cholesterol level in muscle (P>0.05),however crude fat level of leg muscle was significant difference from hybrid F2 generation (P<0.05).In conclusion,meat quality of the hybrid F2 generation from Gallus gallus and Wen-chang chicken was excellent and utilizatied for meat,and slaughter at 120 days was more appropriate.  相似文献   

12.
The immune response and protection from challenge afforded to adult pigeons by four different vaccination schedules were assessed. Intravenous challenge with a field pigeon isolate was done four weeks after the second of two doses of vaccine given four weeks apart. Little difference in protection was seen between two 0.25 ml and two 0.5 ml doses of oil emulsion vaccine, although the latter produced a slightly higher immune response. In both cases one of 10 challenged pigeons became sick and died. One dose of Newcastle disease virus B1 live vaccine followed four weeks later by 0.5 ml oil emulsion vaccine gave a comparable immune response to two 0.25 ml doses of oil emulsion but only six birds survived challenge. Two doses of Newcastle disease virus B1 vaccine gave a poor immune response and little protection from challenge; all 10 birds became sick and eight died. Assessment of the onset of protection following one dose of either 0.5 ml oil emulsion vaccine or Newcastle disease virus B1 indicated some partial protection in the latter group as early as five days after vaccination. Both groups showed protection at 10 days but by 21 days, although protection was sustained in the oil emulsion group, birds receiving live vaccine were fully susceptible. Measurement of the duration of protection in pigeons given two 0.5 ml doses of oil emulsion vaccine indicated that protection had begun to wane by 40 weeks after the first dose.  相似文献   

13.
气相色谱-质谱联用法对蚕蛹油中脂肪酸成分分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用索氏提取法提取蚕蛹油,用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法分析蛹油的脂肪酸成分.经NIST质谱数据库检索和文献对照共检出8种成分.用面积归-法测出八种成分的含量,其结果表明蚕蛹油中脂肪酸的组成有豆蔻酸(0.20%)、花生四烯酸(0.27%)、软脂酸(16.84%)、棕榈油酸(2.40%)、硬脂酸(2.35%)、亚麻...  相似文献   

14.
Bivalent Newcastle disease (ND)/infectious bursal disease (IBD) and trivalent ND/IBD/infectious bronchitis (IB) inactivated oil emulsion vaccines were prepared in the laboratory and evaluated under field conditions. Broiler breeder parent chickens previously vaccinated with live vaccines were inoculated with commercial monovalent ND and experimental bivalent or trivalent oil emulsion vaccines. The commercial vaccine induced a higher initial ND haemagglutination inhibition (HI) response than the experimental vaccines but, by 34 weeks after vaccination, the mean ND HI levels were not significantly different in any of the three flocks. All three vaccines provided sufficient ND immunity to protect against the clinical disease and egg production losses. The IBD responses of both flocks vaccinated with oil emulsion vaccine were similar to each other and only slightly lower than those flocks vaccinated with monovalent IBD oil emulsion vaccine in earlier experiments. Six weeks after vaccination, sufficient immunity was transferred to protect all the progeny against IBD challenge up to 33 days of age and some of them up to 45 days of age. Thirty-four weeks after vaccination of the parents with oil emulsion vaccine, the progeny were totally immune up to 27 days of age and some of them were immune until 37 days. Application of oil emulsion vaccines in bivalent or trivalent form did not impair the responses of the chickens to the monovalent components.  相似文献   

15.
鹅副粘病毒(Goose’s Paramyxovirus)病是1997年扬州大学王永坤教授等发现的一种新的鹅的烈性传染病,该病使10日龄以内的雏鹅发病率和死亡率均达到100%,平均发病率和死亡率分别为27.7%和18.2%。用含该病毒的鸡胚尿囊液做成水相制出油包水型油乳佐剂灭活疫苗。从该疫苗的免疫结果来看,疫苗在免疫后第7d即可产生抗体(平均为4 1og2),第15 d可达到91og2;从免疫保护试验看,免疫后15 d,用强毒攻击,免疫组全部保护,而对照组.20只鹅全部发病,其中有18只死亡。从区域性中试调查结果来看,该苗安全、有效,能较好地控制该病的发生。  相似文献   

16.
A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method for the determination of ketoprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), in horse urine by selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode is described. Urine samples (2 mL) were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether. The residues were then evaporated, derivatized and injected into the GC-MS system. Validation of the GC-MS method in the SIM mode using flurbiprofen as the internal standard (IS) included linearity studies (10-10 000 ng/mL), recovery (95%) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) (10 ng/mL). The response was linear, with a correlation coefficient (0.9998) for ketoprofen. When applied to horse urine samples, the present method allowed detection of ketoprofen up to 16 days in FULL SCAN mode after a topical application of 1.1 g of ketoprofen in a gel formulation.  相似文献   

17.
Twelve groups of German Edelschwein were given the recommended dosage of metallibure zinc complex (SUISYNCHRON) or 5 and 10 times this dosage. Residues were determined in liver, muscle and fat of pigs killed 3-5 hours or 1,2,4,7 or 10 days after the end of administration. In agreement with report in the literature, the highest content was found in liver, followed by meat, with hardly any residues in fat. Taking into account the accuracy of the method of determination, significant residues were present in the liver of pigs given ten times the normal dosage and killed after 3-5 hours of 1 and 2 days, but in muscle only in those killed after 3-5 hours; the content in fat did not differ significantly from that of the untreated controls.  相似文献   

18.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中减少铁、锰、锌、镁和铜5种矿物元素添加量对育肥猪后期生长性能、肉品质、血清生化指标以及骨骼肌矿物元素含量的影响。选用体况良好、体重接近[(76.17±1.58)kg]的"杜×长×大"三元杂交育肥猪300头,随机分成3个组,每组10个重复,每个重复10头猪,公母各占1/2。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮基础上减少30%或60%矿物元素的饲粮。预试期3 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮减少30%和60%矿物元素对育肥猪的生长性能和肉品质无显著影响(P0.05);2)饲粮减少30%和60%矿物元素,育肥猪血清氨含量显著升高(P0.05);减少60%矿物元素显著降低血清中总胆固醇的含量(P0.05),同时有降低血清总蛋白含量的趋势(P0.10);3)饲粮减少30%矿物元素对育肥猪骨骼肌中各矿物元素含量并无显著影响(P0.05),而减少60%矿物元素使得骨骼肌铜、铁和锰元素含量显著降低(P0.05)。由此得知,育肥猪饲粮中铁、锰、锌、镁和铜元素的含量可减少NRC(2012)推荐量的30%,而不会影响育肥猪后期的生长性能和肉品质。  相似文献   

19.
新城疫植物油乳剂苗的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
应用植物油代替矿物油制备ND油苗,植物油苗时相中含2.5%或5%蜂蜡(BW,乳化剂),油相和水相比例为4:1,植物油苗免疫来航易感鸡,并采血检测清HI抗体效价,全部5%BW植物油苗的HI抗体和对照矿物苗H抗体无明显差异(P〉0.05),而大多数2.5%BW植物油苗(2.5%BW花生油苗除外)及2.5%直溶BW植物油苗,大多数5%直溶BW植物疫苗95%直溶BW玉米油苗除外)的HI抗体都明显低于(P〈  相似文献   

20.
The aim of this study was to determine the evacuation of sand from the equine intestine after a double treatment with psyllium and mineral oil or mineral oil only. A crossover study was conducted. Twelve healthy horses were fed 1 kg sand once a day for 5 days. Subsequently, these horses were divided into two groups: A and B. From day 6-10, both groups were treated with 2 l of mineral oil once a day and group B received an additional 0.5 kg of psyllium twice a day. The trial was repeated after 2 weeks with treatment crossover of groups A and B. The horses were housed sand free and 1.8 kg hay/100 kg body weight was offered to meet the maintenance energy requirement. Prior to the sand administration, faeces were collected from each horse for 3 days and the crude ash was determined to establish a baseline output of ash. There was no difference between the baseline crude ash output of the first and second treatment. From day 6-10, faeces were collected daily and the fresh weight and the dry matter and the crude ash contents were determined. For administration, sand or psyllium was mixed with 1 l of Irish mash (concentrate mixed with water), respectively, and mineral oil was administered via a nasogastric tube. All horses showed higher crude ash excretion when treated with psyllium and mineral oil compared with the mineral oil administration only. On the second, third and fourth day of the treatment, the difference was significant. Faeces crude ash weight corrected for baseline crude ash output while treated with psyllium plus oil and oil solely, reached a mean of 51.0 (SD 20.5) and 26.1 (SD 17.7) % of the administered sand mass, respectively. The results of this trial show that the ash output differed highly between the horses. Nevertheless, all horses showed a higher total ash output within the 5 days treatment period when the psyllium semen and mineral oil were used for the treatment than when treated with mineral oil solely.  相似文献   

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