传染性法氏囊病病毒C4毒株VP2基因的原核表达及生物信息学分析

试验旨在研究一株传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）河南分离株的毒力特征及其与VP2氨基酸序列特征的关系。通过提取IBDV C4株RNA,利用RT-PCR扩增其VP2基因,与其他不同毒力IBDV毒株进行核苷酸及推导的氨基酸序列比对分析,同时使用pET-32a（+）原核表达载体表达VP2基因,用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测重组VP2蛋白的表达。结果显示,扩增的IBDV C4株的VP2基因序列在进化关系上属于超强毒力IBDV（vvIBDV）分类,与选取的vvIBDV毒株代表毒株核苷酸序列同源性在98.1%~98.7%之间,其七肽区为S-W-S-A-S-G-S（第326-332位氨基酸）符合超强毒株特征,且222（A）、256（I）、294（I）和299（S）位氨基酸与超强毒力毒株的4个特征性氨基酸一致;但IBDV C4毒株的VP2蛋白氨基酸序列与超强毒力毒株代表毒株UK661相比,201（D/G）、281（G/R）、313（V/A）位氨基酸不同,其中281位氨基酸的改变处于279-290的小亲水区内,与病毒抗原性有关;构建的pET-32a（+）-VP2原核表达载体在大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞上表达出分子质量约67 ku的重组VP2蛋白,为进一步比较201（G）、281（R）、313（A）位氨基酸差异导致的抗原特性改变提供了研究基础。本试验结果表明,IBDV C4株VP2基因与vvIBDV毒株VP2基因的主要特性一致,但也有3处氨基酸与代表毒株UK661存在差异,这些改变可能与中国IBDV毒株毒力的进化有关。     

基因自然重排鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒的分子特征

为了对某鸡群疑似传染性法氏囊病(IBD)的病例进行分子诊断、病毒分离和分子特征分析，本试验通过核酸检测调查该鸡群法氏囊组织和病毒分离物中传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)的感染情况，将分离得到的毒株命名为GL1906,继而对该病毒基因组双节段的VP2高变区(vVP2)序列和VP1-b序列进行分析。结果显示，GL1906 vVP2基因的特征性氨基酸位点在222A、256I、284A、294I和299S上均符合超强毒株(vvIBDV)的特征，但279N符合致弱毒株的特征；VP1-b基因在242D、390L、393E与弱毒株一致，287A与vvIBDV一致，此外第777～782位核苷酸序列为GGTGCC,与弱毒株一致；GL1906 vVP2的核苷酸、氨基酸序列与vvIBDV的同源性最高，在系统进化树中与vvIBDV同为A3分支；GL1906 VP1-b的核苷酸、氨基酸序列与B节段属于独特来源的NN1172同源性最高，在系统进化树中同属于B3独特分支。结果表明，本试验分离株GL1906的基因组双节段vVP2和VP1-b具有不同的来源，是基因型为A3B3的基因自然重排毒株。     

传染性腔上囊病病毒HN01超强毒株VP2基因的克隆和序列分析

根据GenBank中登录的传染性腔上囊病病毒(IBDV)标准强毒株52-70株基因组序列，设计并合成了1对扩增IBDV VP2基因的特异性引物。以IBDV超强毒分离株HN01感染发病鸡腔上囊组织中提取的病毒RNA为模板，用RT-PCR扩增出了1．45kb的cDNA产物，将扩增的IBDV HN01株VP2基因克隆于pMD 18-T载体上，获得了pMD18-T-VP2重组质粒。将IBDV HN01株VP2基因序列测定结果与已发表的其他IBDV毒株VP2基因序列进行分析比较，绘出系统进化树。结果表明，HN01株与欧洲超强毒株UK661、日本超强毒株OKYM、香港超强毒株HK46等非常相似，而与经典强毒株、弱毒株和变异株相差较大。     

IBDV不同分离株VP2高变区的基因序列分析

对9个IBDV(传染性法氏囊病毒)分离株的、VP2高变区进行RT-PCR扩增、测序，得到约560bp长的片段分析比较9个IBDV分离株与参考毒株的VP2高变区（Aeel-Spell)的氨基酸序列，并构建进化树、结果表明，9个IBDV分离株是超强毒株，并且得出亚洲目前流行的、rvIBDVs与欧洲国家的vvIBDVs的进化关系很近。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒株ZHA001株的分离及鉴定

为探索一个已免疫传染性法氏囊病活疫苗的817肉鸡场在免疫后发生IBD的原因,本研究对病料进行病毒分离,通过RT-PCR扩增分离株VP2基因后进行相关分析,并对分离株的致病性进行测定。结果显示,分离到一株传染性法氏囊病病毒,将其命名为ZHA001株;ZHA001株 VP2 基因序列与参考株的同源性为 90.1%～97.9%,与超强毒株氨基酸序列同源性大于99%;具有超强毒株的特征性氨基酸位点;遗传进化分析发现,ZHA001株属于超强毒株分支;致病性试验中,发病率为100%,致死率为90%。结果表明：IBDV ZHA001株为超强毒病毒。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病毒江苏地方株的分离及其VP2基因分析

用SPF鸡胚从江苏溧水某鸡场病死鸡的法氏囊组织中分离到1株法氏囊病毒(IBDV-LS株),该病毒不能凝集鸡的红细胞,琼扩试验证明与IBDV标准阳性血清发生反应,应用RT-PCR扩增IBDV VP2基因,测序后并与GenBank中的IBDV已知序列进行比较。结果表明,分离的IB-DV-LS与国内外超强毒的核苷酸同源性在94.6%以上,推导氨基酸同源性96.6%,并与超强毒株处于进化树同一分支;说明IBDV-LS属IBDV超强毒株,而亲水区内个别氨基酸的替换,提示该毒株已发生一定的变异。     

不同毒力传染性法氏囊病病毒衣壳蛋白酵母双杂交诱饵载体的构建及鉴定简

传染性法氏囊病病毒（infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV）毒株Gx（超强毒株）、F9（中等毒力毒株）、Gt（弱毒株）遗传背景高度相似,但生物学性状差异显著。为研究不同毒力毒株与宿主细胞相互作用的分子细节,本研究将IBDV Gx、F9、Gt毒株的衣壳蛋白VP2基因克隆入pGBKT7载体,分别构建了诱饵载体pGBGxVP2、pGBF9VP2和pGBGtVP2。经Matchmaker Gold Yeast Two-hybrid System验证,结果显示所构建的3个诱饵载体均无自激活作用,对酵母细胞无毒性作用。本研究为利用酵母双杂交系统深入研究IBDV与宿主相互作用奠定了基础。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒的分离与鉴定

从中国广东省发生传染性法氏囊病的鸡场分离了8株传染性囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)毒株,运用RT-PCR对分离毒株进行了鉴定,测定了8个分离株的ELD50以及其对SPF鸡的致死率。结果表明:这8株分离毒对SPF鸡的致死率均等于或超过60%,属于超强毒。运用RT-PCR方法对分离毒株进行了鉴定并对各毒株VP2基因高变区进行扩增测序,分析结果表明:这8株分离株均为IBDV超强毒株,同时也说明当前在广东省引起鸡传染性法氏囊病的主要毒株类型多为超强毒IBDV。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒自然重配株全基因组序列分析

从具有新的流行病学特征的传染性法氏囊病(IBD)发病鸡群中分离到2株传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV),分别命名为QL和ZZ-11,对4周龄SPF鸡的致死率分别为94%和86%。为分析该毒株的分子生物学特征,对其全基因组序列进行了测定,2个病毒株基因组A节段长度为3 260bp、B节段长度2 827bp。病毒演化分析结果显示2个病毒基因组A节段的核苷酸序列与已发表的强毒株序列的同源性分别为96.8%⁹8.1%和96.9%98.1%和96.9%⁹8.4%,处在IBDV超强毒株分支上;而B节段与已发表的弱毒株序列的同源性分别为89.7%98.4%,处在IBDV超强毒株分支上;而B节段与已发表的弱毒株序列的同源性分别为89.7%⁹0.4%和90.0%90.4%和90.0%⁹0.7%,位于弱毒株分支上。IBDV超强毒株和弱毒株序列特征氨基酸残基与基序分析表明,QL和ZZ-11两个病毒株的A节段VP2基因的氨基酸残基为222A、249Q、253Q、254G、256I、294I和299S,七肽基序为SWSASGS,均符合超强毒株的分子特征;而B节段77790.7%,位于弱毒株分支上。IBDV超强毒株和弱毒株序列特征氨基酸残基与基序分析表明,QL和ZZ-11两个病毒株的A节段VP2基因的氨基酸残基为222A、249Q、253Q、254G、256I、294I和299S,七肽基序为SWSASGS,均符合超强毒株的分子特征;而B节段777⁷82位核苷酸序列为GGTGCC,没有KpnⅠ酶切位点,具有弱毒株的序列特点。以上分析结果表明,QL和ZZ-11为IBDV自然重配株,A节段源于超强毒株,而B节段源于弱毒株。     

火鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒YL株VP2基因的克隆和序列比较

参考GenBank发表的传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)基因组序列,设计并合成了一对特异扩增IBDVvP2基因的引物。以广西玉林发病火鸡群分离的IBDV野毒YL株为材料,以其基因组为模板利用RT—PCR技术扩增出了1．5kb的cDNA产物,将VP2基因克隆于PUC119质粒上,得到重组PUC119质粒。对VP2基因全序列测定、分析和聚类表明,YL株与欧洲超强毒株非常相似,而与经典强毒株、弱毒株和变异株相差较大。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.