犬腺病毒和犬细小病毒双重TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为建立犬腺病毒(CAV)和犬细小病毒(CPV)双重荧光定量PCR检测方法,本研究根据GenBank中已登录的CAV Hexon基因序列和CPV VP2基因序列,设计了2对特异性引物和2条Taq Man探针。经过条件优化建立了检测CAV和CPV的双重TaqMan荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果显示,以含有CAV Hexon基因和CPV VP2基因的重组质粒标准品为模板绘制标准曲线,其相关系数(R~2)均大于0.990,CAV和CPV荧光定量PCR均具有良好的线性关系。特异性试验结果显示,该方法仅对CAV-I型、CAV-II型和CPV检测结果为阳性,而对犬瘟热病毒、犬副流感病毒和犬冠状病毒检测结果均为阴性,表明其特异性强。该方法的敏感性检测结果显示其检测下限为10拷贝/μL。重复性试验结果显示该方法的组内和组间变异系数均小于2%,表明该方法重复性好。利用普通PCR方法与本实验建立的方法分别对感染CAV(10份)和CPV(27份)的犬模拟病料样品进行检测,两种方法对CAV和CPV检测的符合率分别可达100%和96.30%。本研究建立的荧光定量PCR检测方法具有快速、敏感、准确等优点,可以用于CAV和CPV的临床检测。     

犬细小病毒黑龙江流行株的分离鉴定及其VP2基因的遗传进化分析

为了解黑龙江省犬细小病毒(CPV)的流行情况,本研究从黑龙江省哈尔滨市、双城市、鹤岗市和大庆市的宠物医院共收集了 10份经胶体金拭子检测为CPV阳性的犬粪便样品,利用F81细胞进行病毒的分离,并对分离的病毒进行PCR、血凝性试验、病毒分型鉴定和VP2基因的遗传进化分析.结果显示,有8份处理后的病料样品接种猫肾细胞F81...     

犬细小病毒2c亚型毒株的分离与鉴定

采集一疑似犬细小病毒(CPV)患犬的粪便,用纳米PCR方法对病料进行CPV检测,并应用猫肾细胞F81进行病毒分离培养,采用免疫过氧化物酶单层细胞染色法(IPMA)检测病毒在F81细胞中的增殖动态。利用PCR扩增分离病毒的VP2基因,测序结果用DNAMAN软件对获得的VP2基因序列进行拼接,并与NCBI上已经公布的犬细小病毒的全基因组序列以及相关蛋白的核酸序列进行比较,确定其所分离的病毒株型并推导氨基酸序列。结果表明,纳米PCR检测结果为CPV核酸阳性,病料接种到F81细胞培养后出现明显细胞病变(CPE),血清学鉴定为CPV抗原阳性,序列测定分析表明,该毒株VP2基因开放阅读框(ORF)为1755 bp。进化分析显示,该毒株属于CPV-2c型,并命名为CPV-2c-Guangxi23。     

犬细小病毒PCR检测方法的建立及其临床应用

针对犬细小病毒（CPV）特异保守的VP2基因设计一对引物,预扩增片段大小244 bp。通过摸索试验和特异性、敏感性试验,建立了对犬细小病毒进行快速检测的PCR方法,最低能检测出13 pg的CPV核酸模板,初步对13例疑似病料检测,阳性检出率为84.61%,结果表明建立的PCR方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性,可用于CPV的分离鉴定、临床病料的检测和分子流行病学调查。     

RT-PCR检测猪瘟病毒方法的建立与应用

建立RT PCR检测猪瘟病毒的方法。根据已发表的猪瘟病毒E2基因 (囊膜糖蛋白gP55基因 )序列 ,设计合成了一对特异性引物 ,扩增片段的大小为 50 7bp ,用RT PCR技术对石门系标准株和 1 0株分离株进行检测。结果这对引物对标准株和 1 0株分离株均能扩增出与预期大小相符 50 7bpRT PCR产物 ,而对其他 6种猪病病原核酸的扩增结果为阴性。该RT PCR可检出 1 0 0pg的猪瘟病毒RNA模板 ,对人工感染猪不同组织样品进行检测 ,结果对白细胞抽提的核酸样品检出率最高为 1 0 0 % (2 4 / 2 4 ) ,其次为扁桃体、脾、肾 ,检出率为 83 3 % (2 0 / 2 4 ) ,再者为淋巴结 ,检出率为66 7% (1 6/ 2 4 )。对送检的 1 9份疑似猪瘟的病死猪病料组织进行RT PCR检测 ,结果有 1 6份样品为猪瘟病毒阳性。兔体交叉反应试验结果RT PCR阳性的 1 6份病料中 ,有 1 4份样品被判为含有猪瘟病毒 ,其他病料兔体交叉反应试验结果全为阴性     

犬细小病毒PCR诊断方法的建立及对大熊猫粪便的检测

根据GenBank中登录的犬细小病毒(CPV) VP2基因序列,设计合成1对特异性引物;以CPV疫苗株为模板,建立了一种快速检测CPV的PCR检测方法,并应用于CPV诊断.结果显示,以此对引物进行PCR扩增能得到与理论设计值大小一致的342 bp的特异性条带,对犬瘟热病毒(CDV)、犬冠状病毒(CCV)、狂犬病病毒(RV)、新城疫病毒(NDV)和猫泛白细胞减少症病毒(FPV)扩增结果均为阴性;最低可检出约1.4 pg的病毒核酸;重复性试验结果表明,其检测重复性好;对45份临床宠物犬病料进行检测,并与免疫胶体金抗原检测拭纸捡测结果进行比较,吻合率为90.0％.将此方法初步应用于大熊猫粪便中细小病毒的检测,结果表明,从熊猫基地采集的52份正常大熊猫粪便样品中有8份为细小病毒阳性,阳性率为15.3％.大熊猫是通过自然感染还是弱毒苗感染细小病毒的机制还不清楚.     

鸡传染性贫血病毒套式PCR检测方法的建立

本试验根据GenBank中登录的禽传染性贫血病毒(CAV)基因序列,设计合成2对引物,外引物的扩增片段大小为485 bp,内引物的扩增片段大小为297 bp,建立了适合CAV快速检测的套式PCR方法(nested PCR),并采用该方法对CAV阳性毒株及临床病料进行了检测。结果显示,该方法能扩增到297 bp的条带,禽流感病毒(H9亚型)、新城疫病毒、传染性法氏囊病病毒、禽网状内皮增生病病毒、减蛋综合征病毒、禽呼肠孤病毒、马立克氏病病毒的扩增结果均为阴性。该方法第1步扩增的敏感性是100 pg,第2步PCR扩增的敏感性是1 fg,敏感性提高了10⁵倍。本研究建立的CAV套式PCR方法具有敏感性高、重复性好、特异性强等优点,可用于CAV的临床诊断和分子流行病学调查等。     

中国部分地区鸡传染性贫血流行病学调查及病原分离鉴定

为了调查近年来鸡传染性贫血病(CIA)在我国发病鸡群中的流行特点、分布及其危害,本研究于2016年1月～2019年9月,从黑龙江、北京、山东等13个省市的381个疑似CIA发病鸡群中采集肝脏样品1 677份,PCR检出鸡传染性贫血病毒(CAV)阳性样品共242份,分布于85个鸡群,阳性样品检出率为14.43%(242/1 677),阳性鸡群率为22.31%(85/381)。CAV与鸡马立克氏病病毒、鸡白血病病毒等免疫抑制病病毒混合感染在检测鸡群中普遍存在,占CAV感染总量的52.94%(45/85)。将来自山东临沂某CAV阳性鸡场的病鸡肝脏样品处理后接种MDCC-MSB 1细胞,连续传代6次,经PCR及间接免疫荧光鉴定,确定分离到一株CAV细胞适应病毒株,命名为CAV-SD19/4604。对分离株VP1基因测序并与GenBank中19株CAV参考株VP1基因序列比对,显示同源性为95.00%～98.80%,遗传进化树表明CAV-SD19/4604与多数亚洲病毒株位于同一分支。本研究为CAV感染的研究和疾病防控提供了数据支持。     

鸡传染性贫血病毒与传染性法氏囊病病毒混合感染的初步研究

为了查明安徽滁州温氏公司矮脚黄D品种发生疑似传染性法氏囊病的病因,临床调查后采集相应病料,实验室研磨处理后备用。首先对病料进行鸡传染性贫血病毒(CAV)和传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)的PCR检测。第1次病例复制,病料攻毒SPF鸡观察病变,并采集病料和血清进行相关抗原和抗体的检测;第2次病例复制,采集SPF鸡病料进行氯仿和热处理,使病料中仅保留CAV后再攻毒SPF鸡观察病变,并采集病料和血清进行相关抗原和抗体的检测。结果:4份病料有3份CAV PCR阳性,1份IBDV F1代尿囊液PCR阳性。第1次病例复制出现和临床相似的IBDV典型病变,第2次病例复制出现CAV典型病变。因此表明本次疫情为CAV与IBDV混合感染引起。     

检测犬细小病毒和犬瘟热病毒联合PCR/RT-PCR方法的建立及初步应用

为了建立一种能同时检测犬细小病毒(CPV)和犬瘟热病毒(CDV)的快速鉴别PCR方法,试验根据GenBank中登录的CPV NS1基因和CDV F基因序列设计2对特异性引物,通过综合CPV单项PCR方法与CDV单项RT-PCR方法的扩增程序,最后确定出联合PCR/RT-PCR方法的最佳退火温度、延伸时间和循环次数等反应程序,并对扩增产物进行克隆鉴定,同时进行特异性试验、敏感性试验和临床病料的检测。结果表明:建立的联合PCR/RT-PCR方法可以在一个扩增体系内同时检测两种病毒,其最佳联合PCR/RT-PCR扩增退火温度为50.8℃;经特异性分析,联合PCR/RT-PCR方法对犬副流感病毒(CPIV)、狂犬病毒(RV)、犬腺病毒(CAV)的检测为阴性;经敏感性分析,联合PCR/RT-PCR方法在模板浓度稀释到1×10~0 TCID_(50)时仍能见到较清晰的特异性条带;应用联合PCR/RT-PCR方法对延吉市36份犬病料样本进行检测,CPV阳性率为25.00%,CDV阳性率为33.33%,CPV和CDV混合感染阳性率为8.33%。说明试验建立的CPV和CDV联合PCR/RT-PCR检测方法特异性强、敏感性高,可用于犬细小病毒病和犬瘟热病毒病的临床诊断。     

犬细小病毒核酸疫苗、重组活载体疫苗与弱毒疫苗免疫犬实验研究

分别用犬细小病毒（CPV）核酸疫苗（pVCPV-VP2）、CPV重组活载体疫苗（CAV2／CPV）与CPV弱毒疫苗对犬进行了免疫试验,以检测不同CPV疫苗的免疫原性。采用CPVELISA、CPVHI与CPV微量中和试验检测免疫犬的体液免疫水平,采用淋巴细胞转化试验检测犬的细胞免疫水平。结果,pVCPV—VP2和CAV2／CPV均能诱导机体产生抗CPVELISA抗体与抗CPV中和抗体,但是pVCPV-VP2不能诱导机体产生可检测的抗CPVHI抗体,而CAV2／CPV能够诱导机体产生抗CPVHI抗体。淋巴细胞转化试验结果,pVCPV-VP2和CAV2／CPV免疫犬的外周血淋巴细胞对ConA与CPV的刺激均出现明显的增殖反应。结果表明,pVCPV—VP2和CAV2／CPV免疫犬均能诱导机体产生抗CPV的特异性体液免疫反应和细胞免疫反应,两者所表达的VP2蛋白均具有较好的免疫原性。CAV2／CPV以及pVCPV—VP2和CAV2／CPV联合免疫犬的抗CPV体液免疫水平和细胞免疫水平均比用pVCPV—VP2单独免疫犬的体液免疫水平和细胞免疫水平高。但CAV2／CPV诱导机体产生的抗CPV特异性免疫反应仍然比CPV弱毒疫苗诱导机体产生的抗CPV特异性免疫反应弱。另外,CAV2／CPV还能诱导机体产生抗CAV-2的特异性免疫反应。     

Establishment and Application of TaqMan MGB Fluorescent-Quantitative PCR Assay for Detection of Canine Parvovirus

In order to establish a TaqMan MGB fluorescent-quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) assay for detecting canine parvovirus (CPV) specifically, sensitively and rapidly, a highly sensitive and specific TaqMan MGB FQ-PCR assay was developed using the specific primers and TaqMan MGB probe designed basing on the conservative sequences of VP2 gene of CPV in GenBank. The sensitivity, specificity and repetition assay of FQ-PCR assay were tested, and 46 clinic suspicious CPV infected samples were detected by the FQ-PCR assay in contrast to the routine PCR method. The results indicated that the FQ-PCR was successfully established. The developed FQ-PCR assay was able to detect as little as 1×10¹copies/μL of recombinant pGEX-T/CPV plasmid DNA, and the sensitivity of which was 100 times more than that of the routine PCR. The specificity assay exhibited that positive signals could be obtained from recombinant pGEM-T/CPV plasmid, but not from the genomic DNA or total cDNA of the other 5 kinds of pathogenic microorganism acting as the controls. The repetition tests were carried out by detection repeated 3 times for 3 different concentrations of recombinant pGEX-T/CPV plasmid, and the results indicated that the FQ-PCR was reproducible. Twenty-three positive results from 46 clinic suspicious CPV infected samples were obtained, which showed the better sensitivity than that of the routine PCR, with 19 positive samples from the same 46 suspected samples. The study suggested that the CPV FQ-PCR method was successfully established, and suitable for clinic rapid diagnosing of CPV and early detection of latent infection.     

环介导等温扩增技术快速检测犬细小病毒方法的建立

旨在建立一种利用环介导等温扩增技术(LAMP)检测犬细小病毒感染的新方法。根据Gen-Bank中犬细小病毒(CPV)VP2基因序列,设计4条LAMP特异性引物,对反应条件、特异性、敏感性、可视化效果和应用效果进行研究。结果显示,在65℃等温条件下、1h内可完成LAMP扩增过程;病毒的最低检出限量为10-2个TCID50/mL;特异性和可视效果良好;对36份临床标本进行检测,阳性检出率为80.5%(29/36),检出率高于普通PCR 72.2%(26/36)。建立的LAMP检测方法,显示了较高的特异性和敏感性,而且兼具高效、快捷、可视化的优势,为临床检测犬细小病毒感染提供了一种快速简便的新方法。     

犬细小病毒HZ0761株的分离与鉴定

采集疑似细小病毒(CPV)感染犬的粪便,采用同步培养法接种胎猫肾细胞(F81)进行病毒分离鉴定。通过PCR检测、HA试验、IFA鉴定、电镜观察和空斑纯化,获得1株犬细小病毒,并命名为HZ0761。感染的F81细胞48h后出现明显的细胞病变;在病料和感染的F81细胞中均扩增出CPV VP2基因的特异性片段(221 bp);病毒液可凝集猪红细胞,血凝价为1∶28,其血凝性能被特异性抗体抑制;IFA可见特异性亮绿色荧光;电镜观察感染的F81细胞核内可见20 nm左右的病毒颗粒;病毒液的TCID50为10-4.8/mL,VP2基因序列分析显示该毒株为CPV-2 a型。     

Establishment and Application of A Double TaqMan MGB Real-time PCR Assay for Detection of Canine Distemper Virus and Canine Parvovirus

This study was aimed to establish a double TaqMan MGB Real-time PCR assay to simultaneously and specifically detect canine distemper virus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV) in one reaction.Two pairs of specific primers for CDV and CPV,along with two TaqMan MGB probes for each virus were designed in the assay basing on CDV H gene and CPV VP2 gene sequences.The specificity,sensitivity and repetition of the double TaqMan MGB Real-time PCR assay were tested,and 48 samples taken from clinic suspicious CDV and CPV infected canines had been testified by the established double TaqMan MGB Real-time PCR.The results indicated that the doulde TaqMan MGB Real-time PCR assay was successfully established,and the number of standard curve correlation (R²) of CDV and CPV were 0.997 and 0.993,respectively.The specificity of the double TaqMan MGB Real-time PCR assay revealed that amplifications were showed on CDV and CPV samples,but other pathogens and negative controls had no amplifications;The sensitivity of CDV and CPV were both 10 copies/μL.Meanwhile,14 CDV positive samples,19 CPV positive samples and 4 CDV/CPV double positive samples were detected,which were consistent with the results of the sequencing.Therefore,the established double TaqMan MGB Real-time PCR assay had high sensitivity,specificity and flux accurate quantitative,which could be applied to clinical CDV/CPV infection each periods.     

同时检测犬瘟热病毒和犬细小病毒双重PCR方法的建立

为建立可以同时检测犬瘟热病毒(CDV)和犬细小病毒(CPV)的双重PCR方法,本研究根据GenBank登录的CDV N蛋白序列和CPV NS基因保守序列,设计合成2对特异性引物。通过优化反应条件,对CDV阳性病毒株反转录后的cDNA模板和CPV的DNA模板进行双重PCR扩增,同时得到2条与试验设计相符的669 bp(CDV)和392 bp(CPV)特异性条带,建立了同时检测CDV和CPV的双重PCR方法。实验结果表明:在同一PCR反应体系中可以同时检测这2种病毒,而对犬腺病毒Ⅰ型、犬腺病毒Ⅱ型、狂犬病毒检测均为阴性;CDV和CPV的最低检出限分别为101.8TCID50和101.4TCID50。采用该方法对在黑龙江省不同地区所采集的30份犬病料样品进行检测,CDV阳性率为30%;CPV阳性率为23.33%,表明建立的PCR方法可以用于临床诊断。     

The Canine Parvovirus wild-type strains infections in dogs--epidemiological and diagnostic aspects

Biological material was taken from dogs with diarrhea. Faecal samples were taken from live animals white intestinal tract fragments (i.e. small intestine, and stomach) were taken from dead animals. In total, 18 specimens were investigated from dogs housed alone or in large groups. The samples were examined for presence of viral infections and concurrent bacterial and parasitic infestations. To test for the presence of the viral infection, latex (On Site Biotech, Sweden) and direct immunofluorescence tests were performed. At the same time to the presence of CPV infection, was conducted by the PCR method with primers complementary to a conservative region of VP1/VP2. In order to identify the bacterial strain, the material was inoculated onto appropriate media and identified with API tests, whilst parasitological examinations were performed with Fulleborn's method. CPV infection was accompanied by CCV and CAV infections, as well as bacterial ones, caused mostly by Escherichia coli.     

ELISA法检测犬腹泻粪样中的犬冠状病毒

用ＦＥ细胞增殖犬冠状病毒（ＣＣＶ）参考株，分别免疫家兔和ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠制备ＣＣＶ多抗和单抗，建立了夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ及Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ诊断方法。在检测的８４例犬腹泻粪样中，多抗、单抗夹心法显示ＣＣＶ阳性１６例，Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ阳性１３例，后１３例包括在前１６例中。从８４例腹泻犬粪样中随机取３８例作ＣＣＶ、犬细小病毒（ＣＰＶ）双项检测，ＣＣＶ阳性１６例，ＣＰＶ阳性６例，ＣＣＶ、ＣＰＶ混合感染４例。结果显示，在南京地区流行的犬腹泻中，ＣＣＶ感染比例有超过ＣＰＶ的趋势。     

Occurrence of canine parvovirus type 2c in the United States.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2 (CPV-2) emerged around 1978 as a major pathogen of dogs worldwide. In the mid-1980s, the original CPV-2 had evolved and was completely replaced by 2 variants, CPV-2a and CPV-2b. In 2000, a new variant of CPV (named CPV-2c) was detected in Italy and now cocirculates with types 2a and 2b in that country. The CPV-2c has also been reported from single outbreaks in Vietnam and Spain. This study was conducted to determine if CPV-2c occurs in the United States. Thirty-three fecal samples were collected from dogs in 16 states between April 2006 and April 2007 and were tested for CPV using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Positive samples were further tested using conventional PCR and minor-groove binding TaqMan PCR assays to determine the viral type and to differentiate vaccine strains from field strains. Twenty-seven samples were positive for CPV, 7 of which were CPV-2c from 5 states: Arizona, California, Georgia, Oklahoma, and Texas. Of the 7 isolates, 4 differed from European CPV-2c isolates by 2 additional single-nucleotide mutations at positions 4076 and 4104, the latter of which produces a ThrAla change at residue 440 located near a major antigenic site. The coast-to-coast geographic distribution of the states in which CPV-2c was detected strongly suggests that this new CPV variant is probably widespread in the United States. The continuous evolution of CPV requires that monoclonal antibody-based and nucleic acid-based diagnostic assays should be periodically checked for sensitivity on prevalent CPV strains.     

Canine parvovirus 2c infection in central Portugal

Canine parvovirus (CPV) has been evolving, generating new genetic and antigenic variants throughout the world. This study was conducted to determine the types of CPV circulating in dogs in Figueira da Foz, Portugal. Thirty fecal samples, collected between 2006 and 2007 from dogs with clinical signs of CPV infection, were tested for CPV by a rapid, in-clinic, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)/immunomigration test, by conventional real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and by minor-groove binding TaqMan PCR. Of the 29 PCR-positive samples, 15 were identified as CPV-2b and 14 as CPV-2c. No CPV-2a was detected. The sensitivity of the ELISA test was 82.76% compared with the PCR assays. No significant associations were found between CPV type, clinical outcome, breed, vaccination status, or age.