细毛羊育成期年度性状研究分析

本文主要针对甘肃省绵羊繁育技术推广站2000至2020年育成期所有羊只展开论述。性状研究分析所用到的育种数据统计方法主要有vf、excel、 spss,三种方法相结合，根据需求灵活使用。将体侧毛长、体重、污毛量、净毛量、净毛率、纤维直径等主要性状数据变化开展具体研究分析。根据统计分析结果显示，总体趋势经历了一个起伏波动的改进过程，从先前的下降再到后来的回升，改进幅度较显明。结果表明：育成公羊的体侧毛长、体重、污毛量、净毛量虽有下降，但不难看出，总体趋势是逐步上长的趋势；羊毛纤维直径从2000开始全群检测以来稳步改进，总体改进4μm;净毛率从2000年的46.4%提高到2020年的50.29%,改进幅度较显明。育成母羊的体侧羊毛长度总体上有所降低，从总趋势看经历了先降后升的过程；羊毛细度支数从2000年的平均65.5支提高到2020年的71.69支；周岁体重从2000年的平均38.31kg提高到2020年的40.25 kg;羊毛纤维直径从2000年的平均19.96μm,下降到2020年的17.65μm,改进2.31μm;羊毛平均纤维直径变异系数从2000年的23.48%下降到2020年的...     

中国美利奴羊(新疆军垦型)品系间羊毛理化性能及性状相关分析

为研究中国美利奴羊(新疆军垦型)品系间的毛品质特点,以超细毛品系、A品系、B品系、毛用多胎品系和肉用多胎品系为试验对象,测定毛纤维的主要理化性能,分析各品系羊的毛纤维特点,并作相关分析。结果表明,A品系羊毛自然长度最长;超细毛品系羊毛纤维直径显著低于其它品系(P＜0.05),其羊毛卷曲度显著高于其它品系(P＜0.05);B品系污毛量最高,肉用多胎品系污毛量显著低于其它品系(P＜0.05)。毛用多胎品系净毛率最高,但各品系间净毛率差异不显著(P＞0.05)。相关分析结果表明,羊毛细度与卷曲度呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01),细度与污毛量呈显著正相关(P＜0.05);卷曲度与污毛量呈显著负相关(P＜0.05),卷曲度与自然长度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);污毛量与自然长度呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01);自然长度与净毛率呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)。说明各品系羊的毛品质特点与培育目标一致,其中,超细毛品系羊毛综合品质优良。     

中国美利奴羊(新疆型)羊毛纤维直径与变异分析

羊毛纤维直径、纤维直径标准差与纤维直径离散是体现羊毛纤维细度的重要参数。以巩乃斯种羊场、南山种羊场、伊犁州畜禽改良总站3地的中国美利奴羊(新疆型)为试验对象,测定羊毛纤维直径、纤维直径标准差和纤维直径离散系数,分析不同来源羊毛纤维细度特点。结果表明:巩乃斯种羊场的中国美利奴羊(新疆型)的羊毛纤维直径最小,其毛纤维直径、纤维直径标准差和纤维直径离散系数均显著低于其他地区(P<0.05)。成年母羊的羊毛纤维直径大于周岁母羊的羊毛纤维直径,纤维直径标准差和纤维直径离散随着年龄的增加变化不明显(P>0.05)。     

高山美利奴羊主观评定性状与客观测量性状现状及两者相关性研究

本文通过对甘肃省绵羊繁育技术推广站高山美利奴羊核心群2015—2017年出生的1686只育成母羊基于5分制的质量性状主观评定和数量性状客观检测资料,统计分析了高山美利奴羊周岁母羊头型分、被毛密度分、羊毛弯曲分、羊毛油汗颜色分、毛丛污染分、羊毛细度匀度分、羊毛细度支数等7个主观评定性状以及毛长、体重、污毛量、净毛量、净毛率、毛纤维直径6个主要客观测量性状的现状,同时分析了主观评定性状对客观测量性状的影响,以及主观评定性状与主要测量性状的相关性。结果表明:高山美利奴羊育成母羊的毛长、体重、污毛量、净毛量、净毛率、毛纤维直径分别达(10.50±0.982)cm、(44.17±4.670)kg、(4.41±0.746)kg、(2.58±0.424)kg、(58.64±6.220)%和(18.21±1.520)μm,周岁母羊客观检测的羊毛细度支数80~90支占到53.7%,100~120支(纤维直径14~17μm)占比达到21.1%。每个主观评定性状都对一到多个客观测量性状存在显著影响,这种影响多数存在显著的相关性规律。     

无角美利奴羊皮肤品和羊毛密度的研究

本文测定了澳洲美利奴公羊与康拜克母羊、东北细毛细母关和尔华斯母羊不同杂交后代的羊毛密度和皮肤毛囊密度后。结果表明：随着级进杂交代数的增加，后代囊和羊毛密度显著增加，污毛量、净毛量、毛长显著提高，毛囊密度与净毛量的相关系数为０．４３８９。     

羊毛纤维光泽的检测方法

羊毛纤维光泽的检测方法梁丽娜常玉兰张顼牛春娥白花巾（中国农科院兰州畜牧所测试中心兰州７３００５０）１羊毛光泽收稿日期：１９９７０５２３纤维的光泽是指纤维反射光线的性能。羊毛的光泽与纤维表面鳞片的状态有关，由于鳞片的形状、大小、排列状态的不同，羊毛表面...     

不同数据结构和动物模型对高山美利奴羊经济性状遗传参数估计的比较

本试验旨在比较不同数据结构和单性状动物模型对高山美利奴羊(14月龄)重要数量性状遗传参数估计的影响,筛选出估计体重、产毛量、净毛率、净毛量、羊毛纤维直径、羊毛纤维直径变异系数和羊毛长度7个重要经济性状遗传参数的最适模型,准确估计遗传力并为下一步遗传评定奠定基础。使用R语言数据整理相关函数将涉及20 720只14月龄高山美利奴羊数据按系谱完整度和数据量分为数据集1和数据集2。采用R语言ANOVA分析检验鉴定年份、出生类型(单胎或双胎)、群别、性别4个非遗传因素在两个数据集中的显著性,将极显著效应(P0.01)放入动物模型中作为固定效应。将两个数据集和两个单性状动物模型组合得到4个模型,其中模型1、模型2分别使用数据集1、数据集2,随机效应为个体加性遗传效应、残差效应;模型3、模型4分别使用数据集1、数据集2,随机效应为个体加性遗传效应、个体永久环境效应和残差效应。用ASReml4软件实现方差组分估计。通过AIC准则、BIC准则评价各模型,用LRT检验比较各模型。最后,针对各性状选出最适模型进行遗传力估计。结果显示:①非遗传效应显著性检验得到鉴定年份和群别对数据集1和数据集2中所有性状均极显著(P0.01),出生类型对体重和数据集1中产毛量极显著(P0.01),性别仅对体重反应极显著(P0.01)。②各模型估计的体重遗传力为0.1614～0.2392;产毛量遗传力为0.1958～0.3254;净毛率遗传力为0.4395～0.5539;净毛量遗传力为0.2003～0.2393;羊毛纤维直径遗传力为0.4024～0.5897;羊毛纤维直径变异系数遗传力为0.3174～0.6077;毛长遗传力为0.2960～0.3669。③似然比检验结果表明,模型1和模型3对所有性状差异均不显著(P0.05);模型1和模型4对体重和毛长差异极显著(P0.01);模型2和模型3对净毛量差异极显著(P0.01),对其他性状差异不显著(P0.05);模型2和模型4对所有性状差异不显著(P0.05)。最终得到对净毛量最适模型为模型1,体重、产毛量、净毛率、羊毛纤维直径、羊毛纤维直径变异系数、毛长的最适模型为模型2。所有性状受个体永久环境影响均不显著(P0.05)。基于最适模型估计高山美利奴羊(14月龄)体重、产毛量、净毛率、净毛量、羊毛纤维直径、羊毛纤维直径变异系数、毛长遗传力分别为0.2392、0.3254、0.4394、0.2893、0.4222、0.3175、0.3670。     

高山美利奴羊重要经济性状遗传参数估计

本研究旨在估计高山美利奴羊重要经济性状的遗传参数,为优化高山美利奴羊选育方案、建设品种完整结构、进行遗传评估及实施育种值选种提供理论技术支撑。采用甘肃省绵羊繁育技术推广站2003—2018年高山美利奴羊核心群数据资料,基于ASReml运用单性状个体动物模型和多性状个体动物模型估计高山美利奴羊体重、产羔数、产毛量、净毛量、净毛率、羊毛纤维直径、羊毛纤维直径变异系数、毛丛长度等重要经济性状的遗传参数。结果表明:高山美利奴羊产羔数为低等遗传力,其他所有性状均为中高等遗传力;大部分经济性状间呈正遗传相关,体重、产毛量、羊毛纤维直径与净毛率间呈负遗传相关,羊毛纤维直径变异系数与体重、产毛量、纤维直径呈负遗传相关。     

遗传与非遗传因素对羊毛品质影响的研究

收集细毛羊培育项目不同基因类型从出生到育成5年的相关资料,应用数学模型软件进行统计处理分析,对不同基因类型与饲养管理方式对细毛羊主要经济性状的影响和互作进行了研究,并探讨了提高生产能力和产品质量的可能性.结果表明:基因类型、环境与饲养管理水平对周岁羊毛长有极显著的影响;对细羊毛形态的主要指标羊毛弯曲度和油汗颜色也有极显著的影响;基因类型和出生年度(环境与饲养)对细毛羊的污毛量、净毛率、净毛量纤维直径及其变异有极显著的影响,互作效应明显.说明在高海拔(2 600 m以上)地区培育细毛羊并改善羊毛内在品质应从基因类型的选择和饲养管理两大方面入手,可预期提高细毛羊品种的羊毛品质,提高有效生产率,生产量多质优的羊毛产品.     

不同数据结构和动物模型对高山美利奴羊经济性状遗传参数估计的比较

本试验旨在比较不同数据结构和单性状动物模型对高山美利奴羊（14月龄）重要数量性状遗传参数估计的影响，筛选出估计体重、产毛量、净毛率、净毛量、羊毛纤维直径、羊毛纤维直径变异系数和羊毛长度7个重要经济性状遗传参数的最适模型，准确估计遗传力并为下一步遗传评定奠定基础。使用R语言数据整理相关函数将涉及20 720只14月龄高山美利奴羊数据按系谱完整度和数据量分为数据集1和数据集2。采用R语言ANOVA分析检验鉴定年份、出生类型（单胎或双胎）、群别、性别4个非遗传因素在两个数据集中的显著性，将极显著效应（P < 0.01）放入动物模型中作为固定效应。将两个数据集和两个单性状动物模型组合得到4个模型，其中模型1、模型2分别使用数据集1、数据集2，随机效应为个体加性遗传效应、残差效应；模型3、模型4分别使用数据集1、数据集2，随机效应为个体加性遗传效应、个体永久环境效应和残差效应。用ASReml4软件实现方差组分估计。通过AIC准则、BIC准则评价各模型，用LRT检验比较各模型。最后，针对各性状选出最适模型进行遗传力估计。结果显示：①非遗传效应显著性检验得到鉴定年份和群别对数据集1和数据集2中所有性状均极显著（P < 0.01），出生类型对体重和数据集1中产毛量极显著（P < 0.01），性别仅对体重反应极显著（P < 0.01）。②各模型估计的体重遗传力为0.1614~0.2392；产毛量遗传力为0.1958~0.3254；净毛率遗传力为0.4395~0.5539；净毛量遗传力为0.2003~0.2393；羊毛纤维直径遗传力为0.4024~0.5897；羊毛纤维直径变异系数遗传力为0.3174~0.6077；毛长遗传力为0.2960~0.3669。③似然比检验结果表明，模型1和模型3对所有性状差异均不显著（P > 0.05）；模型1和模型4对体重和毛长差异极显著（P < 0.01）；模型2和模型3对净毛量差异极显著（P < 0.01），对其他性状差异不显著（P > 0.05）；模型2和模型4对所有性状差异不显著（P > 0.05）。最终得到对净毛量最适模型为模型1，体重、产毛量、净毛率、羊毛纤维直径、羊毛纤维直径变异系数、毛长的最适模型为模型2。所有性状受个体永久环境影响均不显著（P > 0.05）。基于最适模型估计高山美利奴羊（14月龄）体重、产毛量、净毛率、净毛量、羊毛纤维直径、羊毛纤维直径变异系数、毛长遗传力分别为0.2392、0.3254、0.4394、0.2893、0.4222、0.3175、0.3670。     

Estimates of genetic parameters and genetic change for reproduction,weight, and wool characteristics of Targhee sheep

Genetic parameters from both single-trait and bivariate analyses for prolificacy, weight, and wool traits were estimated using REML with animal models for Targhee sheep from data collected from 1950 to 1998 at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID. Breeding values from both single-trait and seven-trait analyses calculated with the parameters estimated from the single-trait and bivariate analyses were compared across years of birth with respect to genetic trends. The numbers of observations were 38,625 for litter size at birth and litter size at weaning, 33,994 for birth weight, 32,715 for weaning weight, 36,807 for fleece weight and fleece grade, and 3,341 for staple length. Direct heritability estimates from single-trait analyses were 0.10 for litter size at birth, 0.07 for litter size at weaning, 0.25 for birth weight, 0.22 for weaning weight, 0.54 for fleece weight, 0.41 for fleece grade, and 0.65 for staple length. Estimate of direct genetic correlation between litter size at birth and weaning was 0.77 and between birth and weaning weights was 0.52. The estimate of genetic correlation between fleece weight and staple length was positive (0.54), but was negative between fleece weight and fleece grade (-0.47) and between staple length and fleece grade (-0.69). Estimates of genetic correlations were near zero between birth weight and litter size traits and small and positive between weaning weight and litter size traits. Fleece weight was slightly and negatively correlated with both litter size traits. Fleece grade was slightly and positively correlated with both litter size traits. Estimates of correlations between staple length and litter size at birth (-0.14) and litter size at weaning (0.05) were small. Estimates of correlations between weight traits and fleece weight were positive and low to moderate. Estimates of correlations between weight traits and fleece grade were negative and small, whereas estimates between weight traits and staple length were positive and small. Estimated breeding values averaged by year of birth from both the single- and seven-trait analyses for the prolificacy and weight traits increased over time, whereas those for fleece weight decreased slightly and those for the other wool traits were unchanged. Estimated changes in breeding values over time did not differ substantially for the single-trait and seven-trait analyses, except for traits highly correlated with another trait that was responding to selection.     

Genetic parameters among weight, prolificacy, and wool traits of Columbia, Polypay, Rambouillet, and Targhee sheep

Genetic parameters for Columbia, Polypay, Rambouillet, and Targhee sheep were estimated using REML with animal models for prolificacy, weight, and wool traits. All bivariate analyses included a covariance between additive genetic effects for the two traits plus appropriate additional covariances. Number of observations by breed ranged from 5,140 to 7,095 for prolificacy traits, from 7,750 to 9,530 for weight traits, and from 4,603 to 34,746 for wool traits. Heritability estimates ranged from .03 to .11 for prolificacy traits (litter size at birth and litter size at weaning), from .09 to .26 for weight traits (birth weight and average daily gain), and from .25 to .53 for wool traits (fleece weight, fleece grade and staple length). Estimates of direct genetic correlations among prolificacy and among weight traits were positive and ranged from .58 to 1.00 and .18 to 1.00, respectively. Estimates of direct genetic correlation between fleece weight and staple length were positive (.50 to .70) but were negative between fleece weight and fleece grade (-.60 to -.34) and between staple length and fleece grade (-.72 and -.40). Prolificacy and wool traits were essentially uncorrelated. Weight and prolificacy traits were slightly positively correlated. Weight traits had a moderate positive direct genetic correlation with fleece weight and staple length, but were uncorrelated with fleece grade. These estimates of genetic parameters between prolificacy, weight, and wool traits can be used to construct multiple-trait selection indexes for dual-purpose sheep.     

Estimates of genetic parameters and genetic change for reproduction,weight, and wool characteristics of Columbia sheep

Genetic parameters from both single-trait and bivariate analyses for prolificacy, weight and wool traits were estimated using REML with animal models for Columbia sheep from data collected from 1950 to 1998 at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station (USSES), Dubois, ID. Breeding values from both single-trait and seven-trait analyses calculated using the parameters estimated from the single-trait and bivariate analyses were compared with respect to genetic trends. Number of observations were 31,401 for litter size at birth and litter size at weaning, 24,741 for birth weight, 23,903 for weaning weight, 29,572 for fleece weight and fleece grade, and 2,449 for staple length. Direct heritability estimates from single-trait analyses were 0.09 for litter size at birth, 0.06 for litter size at weaning, 0.27 for birth weight, 0.16 for weaning weight, 0.53 for fleece weight, 0.41 for fleece grade, and 0.55 for staple length. Estimate of direct genetic correlation between littersize at birth and weaning was 0.84 and between birth and weaning weights was 0.56. Estimate of genetic correlation between fleece weight and staple length was positive (0.55) but negative between fleece weight and fleece grade (-0.47) and between staple length and fleece grade (-0.70). Estimates of genetic correlations were positive but small between birth weight and litter size traits and moderate and positive between weaning weight and litter size traits. Fleece weight was lowly and negatively correlated with both litter size traits. Fleece grade was lowly and positively correlated with both litter size traits, while staple length was lowly and negatively correlated with the litter size traits. Estimates of correlations between weight traits and fleece weight were positive and low to moderate. Estimates of correlations between weight traits and fleece grade were negative and small. Estimates of correlations between staple length and birth weight (0.05) and weaning weight were small (-0.04). Estimated breeding values averaged by year of birth from both the single-trait and multiple-trait analyses for the prolificacy and weight traits increased over time, but were unchanged for the wool traits. Estimated changes in breeding values over time did not differ substantially for single-trait and multiple-trait analyses, except for traits highly correlated with another trait that was responding to selection.     

Genotypic expression at different ages: II. Wool traits of sheep.

Genetic parameters for wool traits for Columbia, Polypay, Rambouillet, and Targhee breeds of sheep were estimated with single- and multiple-trait analyses using REML with animal models. Traits considered were fleece grade, fleece weight, and staple length. Total number of observations ranged from 11,673 to 34,746 for fleece grade and fleece weight and from 3,500 to 11,641 for staple length for the four breeds. For single-trait analyses, data were divided by age of ewe: young ages (age of 1 yr), middle ages (ages of 2 and 3 yr), and older ages (age greater than 3 yr). Heritability estimates averaged over breeds for fleece grade decreased from .42 at a young age to .37 for older ages. For fleece weight, heritability estimates averaged .52, .57, and .55 within the successively older groups. Heritability estimates for staple length averaged .54 for young and middle age classes. Few older ewes had staple length measurements. After single-trait analyses, new data sets were created for three-trait analyses with traits defined by three age classes when animals were measured. Heritability estimates with three-trait analyses, except for a few cases, were somewhat greater than those from single-trait analyses. For fleece grade, the genetic correlations averaged over breeds were .72 for young with middle, .42 for young with older, and .86 for middle with older age classes. For fleece weight, the average genetic correlations were .81, .83, and .98. For staple length, the average genetic correlation for young with middle age classes was .82. Estimates of genetic correlations across ages varied considerably among breeds. The average estimates of correlations suggest that fleece grade may need to be defined by age, especially for the Columbia and Rambouillet breeds. For fleece weight and staple length, however, the average correlations suggest no need to define those traits by age.     

Selection response to fleece weight,wool characteristics,and heritability estimates in yearling Romney sheep

The juvenile live weights, yearling fleece weight and wool characteristics of 2987 Romney progeny of 114 sires born over 9 breeding seasons in a fleece-weight-selected and a random control line were analysed. The high fleece weight-selected flock performance was higher (P < 0.001) for weaning weight and spring weight (6.9 and 8.4%), higher (P < 0.001) for greasy and clean fleece weight (23.8 and 24.3%), and also higher (P < 0.001) for FD by 1 μm, staple length by 6 mm, and wool yellowness by 0.3 unit than random control yearling sheep. Heritability estimates for weaning and spring live weight, greasy fleece weight, clean fleece weight, yield, fibre diameter, staple length, staple strength, loose wool bulk, brightness and yellowness were 0.15, 0.51, 0.35, 0.36, 0.40, 0.57, 0.41, 0.24, 0.46, 0.12 and 0.14 respectively. The heritability estimates are within the range of the long wool sheep breeds studied previously. The high selection differential achieved in the initial screening commercial flocks however facilitated to approach a selection response peak in a shorter selection duration and thus resulted in a non-significant genetic gain in greasy fleece weight when averaged over the 9 years of selection.     

Detection of QTL for greasy fleece weight in sheep using a 50 K single nucleotide polymorphism chip

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have introduced an influential tool in the search for quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing economically important traits in sheep. To identify QTL associated with greasy fleece weight, a GWAS with 50 K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed in a Baluchi sheep population. Association with greasy fleece weights was tested using the software Plink. The results of our GWAS provided three novel SNP markers and candidate genes associated with greasy fleece weight. A total of three chromosome-wide significant associations were detected for SNP on chromosomes 17 and 20 affecting greasy fleece weight across the four shearing. One of the significant SNP markers was located within ovine known genes namely FAM101A. Further investigation of these identified regions in validation studies will facilitate the identification of strong candidate genes for wool production in sheep.     

加什科羊主要经济性状表型关系分析

本文应用通径分析方法对247只1岁母羊的资料整理分析,研究了体长、体重、污毛量等10余项数量性状间的相关关系,结果发现被毛密度、体侧部毛油汗浸润高度、剪毛前体重、体侧部毛长和腹部毛着生是影响产毛量的主要性状,并提出用这五个性状估测产毛量的预测方程和在若干经济性状选择中应注意的事项。     

Lack of evidence for cytoplasmic effects for four traits of Polypay sheep

Analyses of birth and weaning weights, fleece weights of ewes, and number born per litter of Polypay sheep collected at the U.S. Sheep Experimental Station from 1978 through 1998, confirmed previous analyses of three other dual-purpose breeds that cytoplasmic effects do not contribute to variation in these four traits. In general, estimates of genetic parameters that would be needed for national genetic evaluation were similar to previous estimates for Columbia, Rambouillet, and Targhee sheep, although estimates of direct heritability for Polypay were somewhat less for birth weight, slightly greater for weaning weight, significantly greater for fleece weight, and the same for number born as for those three breeds. For birth weight only, evidence was found for important dam x year or dam x number born interactions, which are essentially litter effects, as was found for the other dual-purpose breeds. There were 11,896, 11,104, 7,748, and 7,831 records for birth and weaning weights, fleece weight, and number born per litter, with 255 to 316 sires of animals with records. There were 260 and 261 cytoplasmic lines for fleece weight and number born, and 861 and 882 for weaning and birth weights.