青海省同仁县野生药用型植物的调查

青海省同仁县地形复杂,草地类型丰富,野生药用植物资源品种多,根据中药资源普查结果,野生药用植物共有75科、484种。其中,甘草、冬虫夏草、大黄、羌活等,是珍贵的草原自然资源,具有较高的药用价值和经济价值。通达介绍了同仁县野生药用植物资源的分布、贮量及利用现状,提出了合理开发利用措施,使得天然野生药用植物得以保护利用。     

甘肃渭源驯化羌活理化成分分析与含量测定

目的:测定甘肃省渭源县会川镇南沟村栽植的驯化羌活水分、浸出物、灰分、挥发油、羌活醇和异欧前胡素等理化成分含量,为野生濒危中药材羌活的驯化及栽培种植提供科学依据。方法:采用2015年版《中国药典》规定的药材水分、浸出物、灰分、挥发油含量的分析方法对羌活相应的理化成分含量进行测定,并通过薄层色谱法和高效液相色谱法对标志性成分紫花前胡苷、羌活醇和异欧前胡素进行定性定量分析。结果:栽培的羌活不仅植株生长情况良好,内在理化成分等质量因素也符合《中国药典》标准。结论:渭源可作为甘肃产野生羌活引种驯化的适宜地区。     

韩城市森林野生动植物资源现状及保护对策

野生动植物资源作为生物多样性的重要组成部分,其保护、开发和利用已成为当今社会关的一大热点.现就陕西韩城黄龙山褐马鸡自然韩城林区野生动植物资源的现状、制约野生动植物资源保护和发展的原因以及强化野生动植物保护工作的几点思考与同仁探讨.     

湖北省野生牧草现状及利用

在牧草育种工作中,常按种质资源的来源分类。根据种质资源的来源不同,可分为自然种质资源和人工创造的种质资源。凡供直接利用的现有饲草类型,称为自然种质资源。自然种质资源又可分为本地种质资源、外地种质资源和野生种质资源。野生种质资源即本地区广泛分布的野生饲草基因资源,     

养护的草坪绿地植物--天蓝苜蓿

野生豆科植物天蓝苜蓿耐寒、耐早、低养护，通过自然落粒能实现草地的自我更新。通过对植物学形态、生物学特性、坪用性状、经济性状及野生分布等的综合研究表明，天蓝苜蓿可用来建植不修剪的草坪绿地和用于护坡绿化及建立缀花草坪，是一种美观省水低养护的草坪绿地植物新的种质资源。     

野生羌活种子休眠机理及破除休眠技术研究

由于植被的破坏、生境破碎化以及经济利益的驱动,高寒区野生羌活(Notopterygium incisum)和宽叶羌活(N.forbesii)野生种群受到严重破坏,而繁殖率极低则是制约人工驯化栽培的主要障碍。通过野外调查、室内和田间试验相结合的方法,研究野生羌活种子休眠特性及破除休眠的技术,结果表明:羌活种子具有胚后熟特性,休眠期8-10个月,需要胚的后发育才能解除休眠;秋季采收的羌活种子,无胚或呈原胚状态,不具备发芽能力,需要后熟,解除休眠的技术为流水冲洗,将种子内的ABA含量降低到可以萌发的程度;用赤霉素或赤霉素与细胞分裂素混合处理种子,可提前萌发,提高发芽率;变温(15~25℃/2~5℃)层积,可缩短解除休眠时间,层积前期暖温可加速胚的发育,低温是萌发成苗的必要条件;经过2-3个月的暖温和低温层积,种子萌发率提高到19.8%。]     

吉林省野生牧草种质资源的考察与搜集

搜集吉林省境内有利用价值的野生牧草种质资源,为吉林省野生牧草种质资源保护、研究和开发利用提供基础材料.2008-2009年连续2年对吉林省内野生牧草种质资源进行考察与搜集.共采集野生牧草种质资源材料191份,涵盖18科59属89种,其中,豆科91份,禾本科64份,其他科36份.这些野生牧草种质材料中既有独特的地方野生种...     

人工施用氮肥、磷肥对宽叶羌活产量和质量的影响

羌活作为一种重要的药用植物,受野生资源的限制,开展羌活的人工栽培研究具有重要的意义。2004-2006年,在甘肃省渭源县会川野生药材驯化栽培基地开展田间试验,研究了施氮和施磷对宽叶羌活药材产量、浸出物含量和挥发油含量的影响。结果表明,羌活药材产量和挥发油含量随施氮量的增加而增加,而浸出物含量随施氮量的增加呈先增后降的变化趋势;产量随施磷量增加而增加,浸出物含量随施磷量呈先减后增的变化趋势,而挥发油随施磷量的增加呈先增后降的变化趋势。在N375kg/hm²配合P₂O₅600kg/hm²(N₂P₂)处理下羌活药材产量达最高值,较不施化肥(N₀P₀)增产20.39%;N300kg/hm²(N₁P₀)处理浸出物含量最高,较不施肥处理提高12.32%;N375kg/hm²配合P₂O₅450kg/hm²(N₂P₁)处理挥发油含量最高,较不施肥处理提高22.73%。从挥发油中共检测出89个色谱峰,分离出80种化合物,占挥发油总量的95.74%～99.32%。相对含量最高的波谱峰出现在21～22min,各处理主要化学成分的相对含量有所不同。同时还鉴定出了一些新发现的化合物。     

云南野生和逸生苜蓿资源适生性分析

以30份云南野生和逸生苜蓿(Medicago L.)资源为材料,对其分布区域气候、土壤特征及其生境进行系统研究,以探明云南野生和逸生苜蓿种群数量及适生性.结果表明:云南野生和逸生苜蓿资源在N 23°37′49.0”～28°34′09.1”,E98°47′31.4”～103°53′15.9”之间都有分布,垂直分布海拔范围为1122～2661 m;分布地年平降水量的变幅在300～1000mm,土壤含水量变化范围在0.79％～6.20％之间,土壤pH值变幅在4.30～8.37之间,采样地土壤较为贫瘠.分布地地貌类型多样,按其生境可分为杂草地型、干热河谷型、丘陵山地型和其他类型.苜蓿资源分布地优势植物和伴生植物共计18科45种植物,自然群落中的苜蓿主要作为伴生种零星存在;在迪庆州德钦县,德钦苜蓿作为优势种呈连片分布.综上所述,云南野生和逸生苜蓿资源在云南分布范围广,生境类型多样,具有较强的适生性和竞争能力,蕴含丰富的抗逆性苜蓿种质.     

甘肃珍稀濒危药用植物资源与保护

随着人们对天然绿色药物需求量的日益增加,野生药用植物的生存和发展面临着巨大威胁,据统计,我国受威胁的药用植物已达1000余种。甘肃地处青藏高原,内蒙古高原和黄土高原交汇地带,特殊复杂的自然环境,蕴育了丰富的药用植物资源,种类达2000余种,蕴藏量约占全国第5位,其中有许多属于珍稀濒危药用植物,如冬虫夏草、杜仲、秦艽、贝母、羌活、天麻等。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.