2009—201O年新疆地区家禽禽流感免疫抗体监测与分析

2009—2010年,对新疆部分地区蛋鸡、肉鸡、家养水禽的养殖场随机采集血清样品10193份,活禽市场采集血清样品1620份。用HI方法对禽流感免疫抗体进行检测,结果表明:蛋鸡的H5免疫抗体合格率为33.33%～100%,其中0效价率为33.33%～80.00%;H9免疫抗体合格率为62.4%～100%,20%～33%蛋鸡场存在100%的0效价现象。肉鸡H5免疫抗体合格率为0%～100%,其中7.69%～69.6%肉鸡群中H5抗体0效价率为100%。水禽的H5免疫抗体合格率为0%～100%,有25%～33.33%鸭群全部是0效价。活禽市场H5抗体效价≧4log2的比例为10.59%～83.57%,H9抗体效价≧4log2的比例21.70%～67.14%。     

2009-2010年新疆地区活禽市场肉鸡禽流感H5抗体监测与分析

为了解新疆地区活禽市场中肉鸡禽流感H5抗体的情况,对2009-2010年新疆五个地区八个大型活禽批发市场采集的37批次1225份血清样品进行了AIH5抗体监测。结果表明,AIH5抗体效价≥4.0log2样品占总样品率的32.5%,0效价样品率达到54.5%;不同地区和不同市场的样品AIH5抗体效价存在较大差异;在37批次样品中有9批次样品来自于免疫鸡群,抗体效价≥4.0log2样品率达到99.2%以上;28批次样品来自于非免疫鸡群,0效价样品率高达71.3%。     

2022年湖南省家禽H7N9亚型禽流感监测与分析

为了解湖南省家禽(鸡、鸭、鹅)H7N9亚型禽流感的免疫抗体水平及其流行情况,2022年在全省14个市州,采用配额抽样方法,在种禽场、商品代场、散养户和活禽市场共采集46 112份禽血清和53 246份禽拭子样品,通过血凝抑制试验、荧光定量PCR方法分别进行免疫抗体和病毒核酸检测。结果显示:H7N9亚型禽流感免疫抗体平均场群合格率为93.27%,平均个体合格率为90.60%,仅在活禽市场的1份鸡拭子样品中检测到病毒核酸阳性;鸡H7N9亚型禽流感免疫抗体平均场群合格率和个体合格率(94.66%和91.51%)均高于水禽(83.26%和81.86%);种禽场的免疫抗体平均场群合格率和个体合格率最高,活禽市场最低,两者差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05);全省14个市州的H7N9亚型禽流感免疫抗体平均场群合格率和个体合格率均在70%以上。结果表明:2022年湖南省家禽H7N9亚型禽流感免疫效果较好,在饲养场禽群中也未检出病原,发生大规模疫情的风险较低,但在活禽市场中仍检出病原,且水禽以及散养户和活禽市场禽群的免疫抗体水平略低,疫情散发风险依然存在。建议进一步加强对H7N9亚型禽流感的免疫...     

湘西自治州禽流感H5、H7亚型的监测与分析

为监测湘西自治州H5亚型禽流感的免疫抗体水平和H7亚型禽流感的感染情况;对32个规模禽场和8个活禽交易市场进行了抽样检测.从整体水平看,采集的810份禽血清样品,有567份样品的H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格,合格率为70%.H7亚型禽流感的非免疫抗体水平全为阴性.     

2019年上半年甘肃省天水市鸡H7N9流感免疫抗体检测

为掌握甘肃省天水市鸡群H7N9流感免疫抗体水平，2019年5—6月在全市34个不同类型采样场点，随机采集820份鸡血清样本，采用血凝与血凝抑制试验进行H7N9流感免疫抗体检测。结果显示，10个蛋鸡场、10个肉鸡场、5个种鸡场的场合格率全部为100%，平均样品合格率分别为99.0%、98.7%、98.0%；5个散养村的场点合格率为60.0%，平均样品合格率为76.7%；4个活禽交易市场的场点合格率为25.0%，平均样品合格率为40.0%。结果表明，规模养鸡场H7N9流感的免疫保护水平较高，受病毒威胁程度较低，但散养户和活禽交易市场的H7N9免疫效果较差，存在暴发疫情的潜在风险，需重点加强免疫和病原学监测。     

天门市活禽调运禽流感抗体监测与分析

为监测天门市活禽调运禽流感免疫情况和病毒的分布状况,对该市辖区2018年8月至12月调运送检的禽类养殖场样品,采用血凝抑制试验检测禽流感H7亚型、普通PCR技术检测禽流感通用型及H5、H7亚型,并进行统计学分析。结果共检测1830份血清和对应的禽拭子,样品来源于61个养殖场,禽流感H7亚型免疫阳性率按禽种类分类分别是种鹅100%、蛋鸡90.52%、蛋鸭33.00%;禽流感通用型及H5、H7亚型的病毒核酸阳性率分别为0.18%、0.00%、0.00%。表明该市活禽调运中,水禽禽流感H7N9的免疫抗体群体合格率低,有禽流感通用型病毒存在。加强水禽调运前免疫、运输车辆消毒及宣教工作是预防和控制H7N9禽流感在流通环节发生的有效手段。该结果为及时发现疫情隐患和防控薄弱环节提供了指导依据。     

新疆乌鲁木齐市某活禽交易市场禽流感流行病学调查

为了解冬季新疆乌鲁木齐市活禽市场交易禽类及市场外环境中禽流感病毒污染情况及其流行规律,对某交易市场内的鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽等活禽,采集85份活禽全血样本和143份棉拭子样本(103份活禽泄殖腔/咽喉棉拭子、40份环境棉拭子),分别采用血清学和实时荧光定量(rRT-PCR)方法,检测禽流感免疫抗体和禽流感病毒核酸,并对核酸阳性样品进行病毒亚型确定。结果显示:85份全血样本中,H5(Re-11)株免疫抗体合格32份,合格率为37.6%;H5(Re-12)株免疫抗体合格34份,合格率为40%;H7(Re-2)株免疫抗体合格46份,合格率为54.2%。143份棉拭子样本中,禽流感病毒核酸阳性36份,阳性率为25.17%。其中:活禽棉拭子阳性29份,阳性率为28.15%;交易区外环境棉拭子阳性7份,阳性率为17.5%。36份禽流感病毒核酸阳性样本中,H5亚型3份,阳性率为8.33%;H9亚型22份,阳性率为61.11%;未定型11份,阳性率为30.56%。结果表明:该市场交易活禽流感病毒感染率较高,且强制免疫的H5、H7亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率较低,存在疫情发生和散播风险。结果提示,应加强活禽交易市场的消毒与管理,降低禽流感病毒通过活禽交易市场传播的风险。     

上海地区活禽批发市场H9亚型禽流感病毒调查

为弄清上海地区活禽批发市场中H9禽流感病毒（Avian influenza virus,AIV）的流行情况及鸡群的免疫情况,2009年对上海三大活禽批发市场进行了采样监测。采用HI试验检测H9 AIV抗体、荧光RT-PCR试验和鸡胚接种分离鉴定病毒。共采集110批次1 646份血样和喉头泄殖腔棉拭样品,平均抗体合格率为60.27%,分离到H9病毒134株,其中4-6月和9-11月为全年中病毒分离的2个高峰期（样品带毒率均超过了10.00%）,明显比其它月份要高（其他月份均低于5.00%）,样品带毒率平均为8.14%。不同市场、不同地区采集的样品其抗体合格率和样品的带毒率也存在一定的差异。在30批分离到病毒的样品中,13批次已免疫H9N2油乳剂灭活苗且抗体合格率均大于70.00%的样品中分离到45株病毒（45/195）,其中6批次抗体合格率达到100%的样品中也分离到了病毒（8/90）,但带毒率明显比未经疫苗免疫的样品（79/255）低。调查结果表明养殖户对肉鸡群H9N2油乳剂灭活苗免疫重视程度不够,鸡群中带毒现象较普遍。疫苗免疫后能产生较高的免疫抗体,且抗体能减轻临床症状,降低带毒率,但不能完全阻止病毒复制,存在高抗体下带毒现象。     

土杂鸡免疫一次和二次禽流感H5灭活苗免疫效果对比试验

按程序、规范接种的蛋鸡在免疫保护期内其禽流感免疫抗体水平较高且抗体效价整齐。土杂鸡的抗体水平免疫21 d后抗体滴度合格率仅为30%。为提高土杂鸡禽流感免疫抗体合格率,进行了一次免疫和二次免疫效果的对比试验,结果显示:土杂鸡二次免疫禽流感H5灭活苗后,免疫抗体水平显著提高,合格率达90%。试验用的两个不同厂家的禽流感H5灭活苗的免疫效果区别不大。蛋鸡三次免疫后免疫抗体合格率达95%,且抗体效价高而整齐。     

2014年泉州市原种畜禽场重点疫病本底调查情况

为切实掌握泉州市原种畜禽场重点疫病情况,2014年4～9月,我中心采用问卷调查、现场走访、采集样品检测等方式,对1个原种鸡场、1个原种鸭场（1个场挂3块牌子）、5个原种猪场、1个大型奶牛企业开展重点疫病本底调查。本次调查共采集各类样品1616份（其中鸡血清228份、鸡棉拭子228份、鸡蛋蛋清216份,鸭棉拭子290份,猪血清250份、对应猪扁桃体250份、病料样品54份,奶牛50头及对应奶牛血清50份）,样品累计检测5066份次。结果表明：原种鸡场方面,高致病性禽流感H5亚型、禽流感H7亚型、鸡新城疫病原核酸阳性率均为0%;高致病性禽流感H5亚型、鸡新城疫免疫抗体合格率分别为98.96%.97.92%,禽白血病ALV-AB抗体、ALV-J抗体、禽白血病P27抗原,阳性率分别为45.61%、61.84%、6.94%,鸡白痢抗体阳性率28.51%,说明该场禽白血病和鸡白痢的感染较普遍;原种鸭场方面,高致病性禽流感H5亚型、禽流感H7亚型、鸭瘟病原核酸阳性率均为0%。原种猪场方面,对猪伪狂犬病、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征、高致病性猪蓝耳病、猪瘟、猪口蹄疫等5个病种进行抗体和病原检测,猪伪狂犬病gB免疫抗体合格率98.4%,gE抗体阳性率19.6%,猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征免疫抗体合格率86.4%,O型口蹄疫抗体免疫合格率76.4%,猪瘟抗体免疫合格率90.8%,组织样品猪伪狂犬病核酸阳性率11.1%,扁桃体样品猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征、高致病性猪蓝耳病、猪瘟、猪口蹄疫核酸阳性率均为0%,说明我市个别原种猪场中存在猪伪狂犬病病毒感染的情况。奶牛企业方面,布鲁氏茵病及结核病阳性率均为0%。本次调查为我市首次,其结果为今后我市制定种畜禽重点疫病净化实施工作方案,进一步有针对性对原种畜禽场开展动物疫病净化工作提供了参考依据。     

蛋鸡免疫重组禽流感病毒H_5亚型二价灭活疫苗抗体消长规律的研究

为了在临床上制定合理的禽流感疫苗免疫程序,用重组禽流感病毒H_5亚型二价灭活疫苗(H_5N_1,Re-5株+Re-4株)分别在14日龄、49日龄、105日龄免疫蛋鸡,免疫剂量分别为0.3ml/只、0.5ml/只、0.5ml/只。分别在第1、6、10、14、20、28、35、42、49、56、63、70、77、86、94、105、120、150、180日龄采血测定HI抗体效价。结果表明首免后HI抗体上升较慢较低,只有第二次免疫后,抗体才迅速升高。在70日龄(二免后3周)H5N1,Re-4HI抗体达到9.60log2,H_5N_1,Re-5HI抗体达到7.86log2。在120日龄(三免后2周)H_5N_1,Re-4HI抗体达到9.30log2,H_5N_1,Re-5HI抗体达到9.25log2。     

Efficacy of avian influenza oil-emulsion vaccines in chickens of various ages

An experimental avian influenza (AI) oil-emulsion vaccine was formulated with 1 part inactivated A/turkey/Wisconsin/68 (H5N9) AI virus emulsified in 4 parts oil. Broilers were vaccinated subcutaneously (SC) either at 1 or 3 days old or at 4 or 5 wks old. Commercial white leghorn (WL) layers were vaccinated SC at 12 and 20 wks old or at only 20 wks old. Maximum geometric mean hemagglutination-inhibition titers postvaccination (PV) were 1:86-1:320 for broilers, 1:597 for twice-vaccinated layers, and 1:422 for once-vaccinated layers. Ninety to 100% of vaccinated broilers were protected against death and morbidity when challenged with highly pathogenic A/chicken/Penn/83 (H5N2) AI virus 4 weeks PV, and all were protected when challenged 8 wks PV. All controls and most vaccinates were infected by challenge virus, and 90-100% of controls died or exhibited clinical signs. Vaccinated commercial pullets were protected against morbidity, death, and egg-production decline at either peak of lay (25 wks old) or at 55 wks old. All unvaccinated controls became morbid or died, and egg production ceased 72 hours after challenge. The 0.5-ml vaccine dose was determined to contain 251 and 528 mean protective doses (PD50S) in 4-wk-old and 1-year-old SPF WL chickens, respectively, challenged 4 wks PV.     

禽流感疫苗免疫方法对北京油鸡生长发育、免疫效力和屠体性状的影响

本研究主要比较不同禽流感免疫方法对北京油鸡生长发育、免疫效力和屠体性状的影响。试验选用180只1日龄肉用型北京油鸡公鸡,随机分为6个处理组,每组30只,每10只为1个重复。禽流感疫苗H5N1来自2个厂家,注射部位有颈部皮下、胸肌、腿肌3个部位,注射剂量有0.3mL、0.5mL两种。测定0、8、16周龄时鸡只个体重,7周龄ND、H9抗体效价,9、14周龄H5、新城疫(ND)和H9抗体效价,以及16周末胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率的变化。结果表明:①禽流感疫苗颈部皮下注射可以获得和胸肌注射、腿肌注射相似的免疫效力,同时应激降低;②禽流感二次重免时可适当降低免疫剂量,即2周龄采用H5N10.3mL,3周龄采用ND-H9二联苗0.3mL,5周龄采用H5N10.3mL,均采取颈部皮下注射方法,可获得较好的免疫效力;③较高的禽流感免疫效力往往伴随着屠体性状的降低。     

Effects of Compounded Plant Feed Additives on the Growth Performance,Immune Function and Morphology of Internal Organs and Tissues in Yellow-feathered Broilers

The present study was aimed to study the effects of plant additives on growth performance, immune function and morphology of internal organs and tissues in Yellow-feathered broilers. 400 Yellow-feathered broilers at 10-day-old were divided into 4 groups. The broilers in control group were fed with basal diets, while in experimental group A,B and C were fed with basal diets added 3,5 and 8 g/kg plant additives, respectively. Each group had 10 replicates (10 birds per replicates), and the experiment lasted for 50 d. The results showed that group C got the best experimental results of all groups:ADG increased by 5.53% (P<0.05), F/G was decreased by 6.11% (P<0.05), the survival rate was increased by 2.16%(P<0.05), and immune organ index, duodenal villous length and serum antibody titer were significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with the control group. All the experimental groups supplemented with the plant additives could enhance development of the duodenum, liver and kidney, and NDV antibody titer. In conclusion, adding the plant additives in the diet could improve the growth performance, immune function and development of internal organs in Yellow-feathered broilers, and the recommended amount was 5 g/kg.     

复合天然植物添加剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能及脏器组织形态结构的影响

为研究复合天然植物添加剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能及脏器组织形态结构的影响,试验选用400羽黄羽肉鸡混合雏,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验A、B、C组分别在基础日粮中添加低（3 g/kg）、中（5 g/kg）、高（8 g/kg）剂量的天然植物添加剂,每组10个重复,每个重复10羽,试验期50 d。结果表明,试验C组效果最佳,试验全期平均日增重较对照组提高5.53%（P<0.05）,料重比较对照组降低6.11%（P<0.05）,成活率比对照组提高2.16%（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,各添加剂组均在一定程度促进免疫器官发育,试验C组各免疫器官指数均显著提高（P<0.05）,同时各试验组均能提高NDV疫苗抗体水平及其整齐度;各试验组显著增加了十二指肠绒毛长度和V/N值（P<0.05）,并且促进肝脏、肾脏组织健康发育。本试验添加天然植物添加剂可显著提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能,增强机体免疫功能,促进肠道、肝脏和肾脏的发育,提高机体健康水平,其添加量以5 g/kg为宜。     

潞党参对蛋鸡H5N1禽流感抗体效价和免疫器官指数的影响

本试验研究了潞党参煎剂和左旋咪唑对蛋鸡禽流感抗体效价和免疫器官指数的影响.将1 548只海蓝褐蛋雏鸡随机分为3组,A组为潞党参,剂量按0.75 g/kg添加在饮水中;B组为左旋咪唑,C组为对照.在给鸡群接种禽流感H5N1疫苗的前1 d,把潞党参煎剂和左旋咪唑分别连续给鸡群饮水3d.2周后每组随机抽取24只鸡翅下静脉采血,检测各组鸡血凝抑制抗体效价.于免疫后35日龄、42日龄、49日龄,每组随机抽取5只鸡称重,剖杀,摘取胸腺、脾脏和腔上囊并称重,计算3种免疫器官指数.试验重复3次,结果显示,与对照组相比A组的抗体效价和免疫器官指数均差异显著(P＜0.05),表明潞党参可提高雏鸡的体液免疫水平,增强其非特异性免疫功能,并促进免疫器官的发育.     

Immune response of AA broilers to IBV H120 vaccine and sodium new houttuyfonate

In this report, 120 healthy one-day-old AA broilers were divided into six groups. Groups 1–4 received 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/L of sodium new houttuyfonate (SNH) with IB vaccine H120 respectively. Group 5 received PBS and H120 and group 6 IL-2 and H120. The chickens were inoculated at 7 and 14 days of age. On 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 post first vaccination, the dynamic changes of peripheral lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine assays and serum antibody titers were assayed respectively by MTT method, ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI). The results showed that sodium new houttuyfonate significantly raised IB antibody titer in the chickens and also markedly promoted lymphocyte proliferation. The serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in groups 1–4 were higher than those in groups 5 and 6. Hence, the immunologic enhancement of SNH was slightly superior to that of IL-2 adjuvant. Following challenge with IBV, chickens inoculated with SNH showed fewer and less severe clinical signs, lower death rate and less kidney pathology, as compared to those of the control groups. It indicated that SNH could enhance immune responses and increase protection against virulent IBV challenge in chickens.     

Immune response of AA broilers to IBV H120 vaccine and sodium new houttuyfonate

In this report, 120 healthy one-day-old AA broilers were divided into six groups. Groups 1–4 received 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/L of sodium new houttuyfonate (SNH) with IB vaccine H120 respectively. Group 5 received PBS and H120 and group 6 IL-2 and H120. The chickens were inoculated at 7 and 14 days of age. On 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 post first vaccination, the dynamic changes of peripheral lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine assays and serum antibody titers were assayed respectively by MTT method, ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition assay (HI). The results showed that sodium new houttuyfonate significantly raised IB antibody titer in the chickens and also markedly promoted lymphocyte proliferation. The serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in groups 1–4 were higher than those in groups 5 and 6. Hence, the immunologic enhancement of SNH was slightly superior to that of IL-2 adjuvant. Following challenge with IBV, chickens inoculated with SNH showed fewer and less severe clinical signs, lower death rate and less kidney pathology, as compared to those of the control groups. It indicated that SNH could enhance immune responses and increase protection against virulent IBV challenge in chickens.