三种对虾虾片养殖效果的比较研究

传统的对虾育苗是从对虾无节幼体至仔虾阶段投喂生物饵料(藻、轮虫、卤虫等)及豆浆、蛋黄、酵母等.但由于生物饵料在质和量上具有不可预测性,不利于规模化生产.     

盐度对卤虫卵孵化率的影响

卤虫(Artemia SP)无节幼体,作为水产养殖中鱼虾育苗的优质饵料,越来越受到青睐.卤虫卵孵化率的高低,直接影响到所要获得的无节幼体数的多少.同一品质的卤虫卵,由于孵化条件的不同,结果也不同.我们通过培养皿滤纸法,着重对孵化条件之一的盐度对卤虫卵孵化率影响程度进行了研究,目的在于要找出盐度在5—40‰之间对孵化率影响的规律,寻求卤虫卵充分孵化的最适盐度值.     

短蛸室内水泥池苗种繁育及养殖技术

通过捕获野生短蛸亲体,进行室内水泥池的苗种繁育和养殖研究。试验结果表明,4月份在海州湾附近海域捕获的亲体经过驯化、促熟的过程方可产卵,产卵后雌性亲体具有护卵现象,直至幼体孵化,期间摄食量明显减少。孵化幼体开口饵料可为鲜活卤虫无节幼体、枝角类、桡足类,幼体培育饵料有东方新糠虾、东方对虾、菲律宾蛤仔稚贝、光滑河蓝蛤稚贝,养成期间投喂饵料种类主要为鲜活的小型蟹、虾、双壳类和螺类等,饵料偏好性顺序为:蟹类虾双壳类螺类。     

重金属污染物对卤虫无节幼体的毒性

在水温为(27±0.5)℃,盐度为7°B′e和连续充气条件下,采用动态活水法研究了汞、铅、铜、锰、铬对卤虫无节幼体的毒性效应及联合毒性作用。结果表明,5种金属对卤虫无节幼体的48hLC50分别是0.023、1.31、2.10、12.15、28.91mg/l。毒性由强至弱依次为Hg2+>Pb2+>Cu2+>Mn2+>Cd2+,Hg-Cu、Cu-Mn对卤虫幼体的联合作用表现为拮抗作用,Pb-Cu、Pb-Mn、Mn-Cd则表现为协同作用。     

对虾育苗饵料中光合细菌的适宜用量

马来西亚水产科研人员使用光合细菌、海洋硅藻和卤虫将斑节对虾从无节幼体养至后期幼体进行了试验。饵料 1光合细菌的添加量为 1% ,饵料 2为 2 % ,饵料 3为 3% ,饵料 5为 5 % ,饵料 4为不添加光合细菌的对照饵料。试验结果显示 ,饵料中添加光合细菌显著影响了斑节对虾幼体的生长和成活率。投喂添加光合细菌 1%饵料 1的对虾 9ｄ时的体长 (6 .13ｍｍ)显著高于投喂其他饵料的虾。试验 2测出 ,投喂添加光合细菌 2 %饵料 2的对虾成活率最高 ,为 4 6 % ;对虾的平均体长 (6 .88ｍｍ)亦显著高于投喂其他饵料的虾。两次试验均发现 ,投喂添加光合细菌 …     

水产育苗人造开口饲料的研究

水产育苗人造开口饲料的研究辽宁省海洋水产研究所苏鹤声在水产人工繁育苗种领域内，传统上采用天然饵料（单胞藻、轮虫。卤虫无节幼体等）和辅以一些代用饵料（鸡蛋黄、豆浆等）饲育幼体。随着养殖业的发展、育苗规模的放大，饵料的需求量在不断地增加，天然饵料因受到设...     

投饲不同饵料对大鲵幼体生长的影响研究

利用定量投喂的方法研究不同饵料对大鲵幼体生长性能的影响差异性,试验选用同一亲本所产且孵出日龄相近、刚进入开口阶段并处于混合营养期的大鲵幼体12尾,随机分为4组,每组3尾,分别标记为B-0、B-1、B-2和B-3。B-0组为对照组,投喂天然饵料红线虫;B-1组投喂人工饲料与微生态制剂配合料;B-2组投喂质量比为11的红线虫与人工饲料混合料;B-3组投喂质量比为11的人工饲料与鲢鱼肉混合料。在室内循环流水的水族小箱中,进行80 d的生长试验,通过对不同组幼鲵特定生长率、增重率、肥满度及饵料转化率等参数的差异性分析,筛选幼鲵最佳养殖投喂饲料。结果表明:摄食50%鲢鱼肉与50%人工饲料混合组与摄食50%红线虫与50%人工饲料混合组的幼鲵生长较慢,且前者在试验的第40 d停止摄食,后者在试验的第55 d停止摄食;摄食天然饵料红线虫组和摄食人工饲料与微生态制剂混合组幼鲵的生长发育较好,二者相比之下,摄食人工饲料与微生态制剂混合组幼鲵的生长发育更好。试验过程中幼鲵停止摄食的现象,可能原因是随着大鲵的生长,试验饲料在营养要素、营养配比以及适口性等方面已不能满足其在水体环境中获取各营养要素而生长的要求。综合各项评价指标,人工饲料与微生态制剂混合料可替代大鲵幼体天然饵料红线虫而作为其主要饲料,这一结果为大鲵人工饲料绿色添加剂配方的研究提供了基础依据,但是人工饲料与微生态制剂混合料组与红线虫组相比,并没有表现出很明显的优越性,还需加强试验调整大鲵人工饲料微生态制剂的配方以达到其最佳效果。     

大鲵幼体摄食天然饵料与人工饲料的比较研究

试验选取20尾同一大鲵母本所产且孵出日龄相近的大鲵幼体,并同时刚进入开口阶段且处于混合营养期,利用人工饲料和天然饵料(红线虫)分组投喂,开展其分别摄食天然饵料与人工饲料的对比试验,研究不同饵料对幼体在饵料转化率、特定生长率和生长效率等指标上的差异。经过47 d的试验,综合饵料转化率与各项生长指标,摄食红线虫的大鲵幼体组生长发育明显好于摄食人工饲料组。试验表明大鲵幼体可摄食人工饲料,还需加强对幼体摄食机制、生长规律及饲料适口性等方面的研究来降低人工饲料的饵料转化率,提高摄食人工饲料的大鲵幼体的增质量率、特定生长率和生长效率等参数。     

微粒饲料在鱼虾育苗中的应用研究

当前在鱼虾幼苗培育中,一般用微藻、褶皱臂尾轮虫作为开口饵料,稍后饲以卤虫无节幼体等活饵,商业化生产这些生物饵料需要大量的设备和人力,而且受自然条件影响很大,难于保证苗种培育的需要。因此,大力研究开发营养全面、价格低廉、适合水生动物幼体摄食与消化的人工微粒饲料,以部分或全部替代活饵料,对于推动水产养殖业的多元化发展,显然具有十分重要的意义。1微粒饲料的分类微粒饲料(microparticle或microparticulated diet,简称MD)也称微型饲料,是20世纪80年代中期以来被研制开发的一种新型配合饲料,供饲养甲壳类(如对虾)幼体、贝类和仔…     

鲟鱼苗的培育及适口饵料

美国水产科研人员对美洲鲟鱼苗的适口饵料和培育进行了研究。在54Ｌ的圆形水槽中放养仔鱼20000尾,放养密度37～296尾/Ｌ,投喂饵料为新鲜卤虫、冷冻卤虫和人工配合饲料。养殖26ｄ,测出各组鱼苗成活率在93%以上,鱼苗特定生长率与仔鱼放养密度成反相关。投喂冷冻卤虫的鱼苗生长慢于投喂新鲜卤虫的鱼苗,但鱼苗成活率无差异。完全投喂配合饲料的鲟鱼苗成活率75%,放养密度为74尾/Ｌ的20～26日龄的鱼苗总体长为345ｍｍ,体重018ｇ。试验证明20～26日龄的鲟鱼苗应不断提供活卤虫以便成功转食人工配合饲料,转食时的放养密度应控制在总生物量为222ｇ/Ｌ…     

蛋鸡饲喂芽孢杆菌制剂对鸡蛋蛋品质及营养成分的影响

本试验旨在研究芽孢杆菌制剂对"京粉一号"蛋鸡蛋品质及蛋营养成分的影响。选择健康、产蛋均匀的259日龄的"京粉一号"蛋鸡3 600只,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复300只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加3%的芽孢杆菌制剂,进行为期40 d的试验。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组蛋壳硬度、哈夫单位以及蛋黄颜色均有不同程度地提高(P>0.05);在反映蛋的物理指标上,试验组蛋黄重和蛋黄相对重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),蛋清相对重显著低于对照组(P<0.05),蛋黄蛋白比有升高的趋势(P>0.05);同时,试验组蛋黄中脂肪和水分含量显著降低(P<0.05),蛋白含量显著升高(P<0.05)。试验表明:在蛋鸡日粮中添加芽孢杆菌制剂,对蛋品质具有一定的改善作用;可显著提高蛋黄重、蛋黄相对重,降低蛋清相对重。同时,可减少蛋黄中脂肪和水分含量,增加蛋白的含量。     

中草药添加剂对绿壳蛋鸡蛋品质的影响

试验选取4000只绿壳蛋鸡,随机分为4组(A组、B组、C组、D组),每组2个重复,每个重复500只鸡。对照组(A组)饲喂基础饲粮,各试验组分别在基础日粮基础上添加500、1000、1500 mg/kg中草药添加剂。结果表明,各试验组的蛋形指数,蛋壳强度,蛋壳厚度,蛋黄颜色,蛋黄比率,哈氏单位,血、肉斑率较对照组均得到一定改程度改善,但差异不显著(P>0.05);各试验组蛋比重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见中草药添加剂可一定程度改善绿壳蛋鸡的蛋品质。     

苜蓿皂甙对蛋品质及胆固醇含量的影响

本试验以海兰褐蛋鸡为研究对象,探索苜蓿皂苷对蛋品质及胆固醇含量的影响。将480只23周龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为8组,每组5个重复进行试验,对照组(基础日粮),苜蓿草粉组(5%苜蓿草粉),处理I~VI组在基础日粮中分别添加500,1 000,1 500,2 000,2 500,3 000mg·kg-1苜蓿皂甙(总甙含量34%),于试验第1,15,30,45天时测定蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳相对重、蛋黄指数、蛋黄颜色和蛋黄胆固醇含量。结果表明:苜蓿皂甙和苜蓿草粉对常规蛋品指标无显著影响;苜蓿草粉对蛋黄颜色有明显提高作用(P0.05),皂甙处理组蛋黄颜色较对照组有所降低。苜蓿草粉处理下蛋黄颜色均高于对照组和处理组,且在15天和45天时显著高于所有处理组;苜蓿皂甙对蛋黄胆固醇浓度和鸡蛋胆固醇含量无显著影响;但是,在15,30和45天时,处理组与苜蓿草粉组的蛋黄胆固醇浓度较对照组有所降低但差异不显著,在15天和45天时,处理组与苜蓿草粉组的鸡蛋胆固醇浓度较对照组有所降低但不显著。因此苜蓿皂甙对常规蛋品指标没有影响,对降低鸡蛋中胆固醇浓度与胆固醇含量没有显著作用。     

Effect of marine by‐product meals on hen egg production parameters,yolk lipid composition and sensory quality

The effect of including 5% marine by‐product meals in feeds of laying hens on egg production, composition and sensory characteristics was tested. Marine by‐product meals were prepared using two methods: (i) cooking (100°C/10 min) followed by drying (60°C/24 hr) or (ii) grinding followed by drying. The raw materials used for meal production were scallop or squid viscera, shrimp heads or whole mackerel. A total of 108 laying hens were allocated to nine diet treatments; one control diet (corn and soya bean based) and eight experimental diets, containing 95% of the control feed and 5% of the experimental meal for three weeks. Daily intake was higher in hens fed the dried mackerel and cooked shrimp meals. All the experimental treatments showed significantly higher concentration of n‐3 HUFA in yolk reserves and phospholipids compared to the control (0.12–0.13 g per 100 g), especially those with scallop or squid prepared by both methods (0.53–0.95 g per 100 g). Scallop, squid and shrimp meal inclusion in the feed produced eggs with more astaxanthin (0.22 mg per 100 g) while this carotenoid was absent in the control and mackerel treatments. Visual evaluation of raw yolk colour increased with the inclusion of marine by‐product meals with higher values in hens fed shrimp heads (13), followed by scallop viscera (11), squid viscera (9), and with similar values for mackerel and control (4). The taste, aroma, texture and colour of cooked eggs from different treatments were not statically different when evaluated by a panel of 60 untrained people. These results suggest that meals from marine by‐products are a better alternative for improving egg yolk composition by increasing n‐3 HUFA when compared to fishmeal as they also increase astaxanthin and yolk pigmentation without affecting egg sensory characteristics.     

不同饲料对黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪生长的影响

以藻类、蛋黄、杂鱼内脏、牛蛙蝌蚪饲料和鳗鱼饲料等 5种不同类型的饲料以及用鳗鱼饲料为基底 ,按 10 0 %、90 %、80 %、70 %、6 0 %、4 0 %和 2 0 %等 7种比例添加可溶性淀粉 (分析纯 )配制成不同营养结构的饲料为基本日粮饲喂黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪 ,研究了这些饲料对黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪生长发育的影响。结果表明 ,以牛蛙蝌蚪饲料和鳗鱼饲料等蛋白质含量较高的配合饲料为食的黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪 ,生长速度快 ,进入变态期的时间短 ;并表明了粗蛋白质含量为 2 0 %左右的配合饲料饲喂黑眶蟾蜍蝌蚪可以取得较为理想的效果     

Supplementation of the maternal diet with tomato powder and marigold extract: effects on the antioxidant system of the developing quail

The effects of natural dietary carotenoid supplementation of the maternal diet (tomato powder and marigold extract) on transfer to the egg yolk and on the development of the antioxidant system of the young quail liver in early postnatal life were investigated. Sixty Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were allocated to four treatment groups, each with three replicates consisting of four females and one male each. The quail were fed on one of four different diets for 23 d, each of them based on a low carotenoid, wheat/barley-based control diet. Tomato powder and marigold extract were added at rates of 20 and 2 g/kg to treatments 2 and 3, respectively. Marigold extract and tomato powder were also used in combination in treatment 4 at 2 g marigold + 20 g tomato powder/kg of diet. At 20 weeks of age, 60 eggs from each treatment were collected and placed in an incubator. After hatching, d-old quail from each group were reared (under standard commercial conditions) up to 14 d of age. They were fed on a low-carotenoid commercial diet. After hatch, at 1, 7 and 14 d, the livers of five young quail from each treatment were assessed for total carotenoid concentration and carotenoid profile. Results indicated that lycopene is transferred from the feed to the egg yolk and further to the liver of the developing embryo. Elevated carotenoid concentration in the egg yolk and correspondingly in the liver of newly hatched quail remains significant during first week posthatch. Lutein and lycopene did not affect vitamin E concentration in the egg yolk or liver of the newly hatched quail. A combination of increased concentrations of lycopene and lutein in the egg yolk results in elevated concentrations of coenzyme Q in the liver of the newly hatched quail.     

Effects of dietary borate and aluminate on riboflavin metabolism in the breeding hen

Breeding hens were used to investigate the effects of aluminate and borate ingestion on riboflavin metabolism. Groups of six hens were fed on either a control diet, or the control diet plus 15 g kg-1 of either sodium metaborate or sodium meta-aluminate. All diets contained 6 mg kg-1 riboflavin. Daily egg production per hen in the borate group had mean values of 0.71, 0.21 and 0.02 for the three weeks of the study. The values were 0.91, 0.91, 0.86 and 0.86, 0.74, 0.89 for the control and aluminate groups, respectively. Fertility (fertile eggs per 100 set) and hatchability (live chicks per 100 fertile eggs) were both nil in the borate-treated hens, compared with 57 and 95 and 59 and 100 for the control and aluminate-treated hens, respectively. Fluorimetric analysis of blood plasma, egg yolk and albumen showed that the riboflavin contents of all tissues were greatly reduced in the borate-treated hens. Borate ingestion can therefore induce a severe riboflavin deficiency in the hen, but aluminium, a more universal contaminant of food or water, did not impair riboflavin metabolism when fed as aluminate.     

日粮中添加桑叶粉对绿壳蛋鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响

选用360只绿壳蛋鸡,随机分成3个试验组和1个对照组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只。各试验组分别在基础日粮中添加3%、5%、7%的桑叶粉,试验期为63 d。统计分析蛋鸡的产蛋性能及蛋品质的相关指标显示,日粮中添加桑叶粉可显著提高蛋黄色泽、蛋重及哈夫单位(P<0.05);添加桑叶粉对料蛋比、蛋形指数、蛋黄质量、蛋壳厚度及蛋壳强度无显著影响(P>0.05)。研究结果表明,桑叶作为一种植物蛋白饲料在提高蛋品质方面有一定的应用前景。     

复合天然添加剂对鹌鹑蛋品质影响的研究

用300只10月龄产蛋鹌鹑随机分成3组,对照组A饲喂全价基础日粮,试验组B添加0.5%的含有红椒粉和油菜花粉的天然添加剂,试验组C添加0.5%的含有红椒粉和甜茶粉的天然添加剂,试验期15天。测定第0、5、10、15天的蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄指数及蛋黄色泽度(RCF)。结果表明:B和C蛋黄色泽度明显高于A(P<0.01),同时B高于C(P<0.05);B和C蛋黄指数显著高于A(P<0.05,P<0.01),且第15天时B显著高于C(P<0.05);蛋重、蛋形指数和蛋壳厚度组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验说明:该两种复合天然添加剂能够明显提高鹌鹑蛋黄色泽度和蛋黄指数。