甲状腺粉诱导大鼠甲亢过程中心肌微粒体ATP酶活性变化及丹参酮ⅡA …

给大鼠口服甲状腺粉,每只８ｍ ｇ／ｄ,连续３０ ｄ,大鼠出现甲亢体征,检测心肌微粒体Ｎａ＋ 、Ｋ＋ －ＡＴＰａｓｅ,Ｃａ２＋ －ＡＴＰａｓｅ 和Ｍｇ２＋ －ＡＴＰａｓｅ 活性。结果：甲状腺粉组以上各项指标分别为７．６±１．３ ,１６．５±１．８和２１．８±２．２μｍ ｏｌＰｉ／ｇＨｂ ／ｈ,均明显低于丹参酮ⅡＡ 磺酸钠组和对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）;丹参酮ⅡＡ 磺酸钠组和对照组比较无显著性差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。上述结果表明,甲状腺粉诱导甲亢过程中心肌微粒体ＡＴＰａｓｅ 活性降低;丹参酮ⅡＡ 磺酸钠对ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性具有明显保护作用     

镉对绵羊的毒理学研究

本文按每日１ｍｇＣｄ／ｋｇ体重剂量对绵羊口服氯化镉溶液，成功复制出了镉中毒的动物模型。结果表明：（１）实验第２０天左右即出现粘膜苍白、消瘦、血液稀薄、水肿等临诊中毒症状，并且上述症状呈渐进性发展；（２）在试验第２０天或４０天时ＲＢＣ、Ｈｂ、ＰＣＶ、ＭＣＨＣ均显著或极显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１），红细胞发生了明显的棘形改变，呈一种典型的正细胞低色素性贫血，血清ＢＵＮ、ＴＰ、Ａ１ｂ和Ｔ＿３含量与对照组相比均出现显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）；（３）所测生物样品Ｃｄ含量极显著高于对照组，而Ｆｅ含量则明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（４）病理组织学变化以肝、肾等实质性器官的损害为主。     

克伦特罗在猪体内的生物利用度及药物动力学研究

６头体重４７．００±４．５７ｋｇ（Ｘ±Ｓ）的健康长白和大白杂交猪，拉丁方设计试验，按４ｍｇ／ｋｇ静注、肌注和内服克伦特罗，高效液相色谱法检测血浆中药物浓度，ＭＣＰＫＰ药代动力学程序处理药时数据。静注给药的药代动力学参数是：ｔ１／２α０．６２±０．１２ｈ，ｔ１／２β４．８７±１．５６ｈ，Ｖｄ（ａｒｅａ）４．４８±０．５６ｌ／ｋｇ，ＣｌＢ０．６３±０．１１ｌ／ｋｇ／ｈ，ＡＵＣ６．３９±１．２７μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ。肌注给药的药动学参数是：ｔ１／２Ｋａ０．２２±０．１０ｈ，ｔ１／２α０．５６±０．２１ｈ，ｔ１／２β４．２５±１．１０ｈ，ｔｍａｘ０．６０±０．１３ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ１．２７±０．３５μｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ５．４８±１．２９μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ，Ｆ８５．４０±４．６９％。内服给药的药动学参数是：ｔ１／２Ｋａ０．２８±０．１５ｈ，ｔ１／２Ｋｅ３．１５±０．３６ｈ，ｔｍａｘ１．４６±０．１９ｈ，Ｃｍａｘ０．６５±０．１３μｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ３．９３±０．９９ｍｇ／ｌ．ｈ，Ｆ６１．０２±１０．９０％。肌注给药的生物利用度与内服比较，差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

肝片吸虫感染对反刍动物胆道粘膜肥大细胞数量的变化

分别对肝片吸虫自然感染的５头黄牛和５头绵羊以及无肝片吸虫感染的５头黄牛和５头绵羊的胆道粘膜肥大细胞（ＭＭＣ）进行了计数观察。结果与某些动物肠道蠕虫感染一样，肝片吸虫在反刍动物胆道的寄生引起了胆道ＭＭＣ的显著增多。有肝片吸虫和无肝片吸虫感染的黄牛胆道ＭＭＣ分别为４３１±１０３／ｍｍ２及１９１±６６／ｍｍ２（Ｐ＜０．０５），而绵羊胆道ＭＭＣ则分别为７０２±３００／ｍｍ２和７５±１３／ｍｍ２（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

饲喂不同蛋白水平日粮的牦牛瘤胃氮代谢与十二指肠各氮组分流量

采用瘘管手术方法对３头生长牦牛在饲喂代谢能ＭＥ均为９．６ＭＪ／ｋｇＤＭ，粗蛋白（ＣＰ）为８％和１２％的日粮时的复胃氮代谢与瘤胃、肠道消化代谢进行研究。试验结果表明，日粮ＣＰ水平升高后，生长牦牛瘤胃氨氮浓度由３．３升至５．９ｍｇ／１００ｍｌ（Ｐ＜０．０１），瘤胃内氮的消失率由１．９％升到２１．１％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成效率基本不变（平均６９．１ｇＣｐ／ｋｇＤＯＭ）；一昼夜进入十二指肠的食糜量及食糜干物质量基本不变；食糜总氮、氨氮及非氨氮量均显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１），其中非氨氮增加２０％：非氨氮中微生物氮的比例由４５％降至３９％（Ｐ＜０，０５）；日粮ＤＭ，ＯＭ，ＣＰ和ＡＤＦ整体消化率分别提高１２．９％、１３．４％、３４％和２２．３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。日粮ＣＰ由８％升至１２％后，生长牦牛瘤胃ＴＶＦＡ中乙酸比例由５４％降至４３．５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）．丙酸比例由２４．８％升至２８．４％（Ｐ＜０．０５），丁酸比例也由２１．１％增至２８．５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。同时Ｃ２／Ｃ３比由２．１９降至１．５４（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

鸡静注,肌注及内服氟哌酸的药物动力学研究

选用４２只健康ＡＡ鸡，分３组（每组１４只）进行药物动力学研究：静注、肌注及内服的剂量均为１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。用二氯甲烷提取血浆中的药物，反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆氟哌酸的浓度，测定时以吡哌酸为内标。所得药物一时间数据用ＭＣＰＫＰ计算机程序处理，静注给药拟合二室开放模型，主要动力学参数是：ｔ１／２α０．１４±０．０８ｈ，ｔ１／２β３．６５±１．０３ｈ，Ｋｅ０．８８±０．４０ｈ－１，Ｖｄ３．８１±０．９８Ｌ／ｋｇ，ＡＵＣ１４．１４±３．２９μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ。内服和肌注给药均适合具有一级吸收二室开放模型，肌注的主要动力学参数是：ｔ１／２ｋａ０．２２±０．１０ｈ，ｔ１／２α１．０３±０．６５ｈ，ｔ１／２β６．８７±２．８６ｈ，Ｋｅ０．２８±０．１０ｈ－１，ＡＵＣ９．８６±２．８８μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ，Ｆ６９．７８％。内服的主要动力学参数是：ｔ１／２ｋａ０．６９±０．２３ｈ，ｔ１／２α１．７６±０．８９ｈ，ｔ１／２β１０．４３±３．２２ｈ，Ｋｅ０．２１±０．０５ｈ－１，ＡＵＣ８．５６±１．３６μｇ／ｍｌ．ｈ，Ｆ６０．５２％。鸡静注、肌注、内服氟哌酸的药动学特征是吸收较快，在体内分布广泛、半衰期较长。     

家兔初乳溶菌酶含量测定

采用琼脂平板法测定家兔初乳溶菌酶含量。结果表明，初乳溶菌酶含量为（７．９６±２．０１） μｇ／ｍ Ｌ，常乳溶菌酶含量（５．０１±１．３２）μｇ／ｍ Ｌ，两者比较差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

17β─雌二醇主动免疫对公兔生殖的影响

以１７β－雌二醇－６－人血清白蛋白对新西兰公兔进行主动免疫，用ＲＩＡ检测抗体滴度和１７β－雌二醇及睾酮浓度，并检测睾丸重量和间质细胞面积。结果，试验组各兔均不同程度地产生了１７β－雌二醇抗体，其血浆１７β－雌二醇浓度极显著地低于对照组〔（２０．３±２１．６）ｎｇ／Ｌ，（１６７．７±４９．６）ｎｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．００１〕，睾酮浓度极显著地高于对照组〔（７．３±７．１）μｇ／Ｌ，（０．５２±０．２９）μｇ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０１〕。每侧睾丸重量和间质细胞面积均极显著地大于对照组〔（３．９４±０．９３）ｇ和（２５２．２５±８５．７８）μｍ２，（２．９８±０．７２）ｇ和（１６１．７９±３６．４５）μｍ２，Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．００１〕。提示１７β－雌二醇主动免疫可望成为提高雄性动物生育力的有效途径之一     

水牛慢性氟中毒X线诊断的研究

本试验将７０头水牛分为Ⅰ组（３２头来源于氟值水平正常地区的水牛）、Ⅱ组（１４头来源于氟污染地区但未见有临诊症状的水牛）和Ⅲ组（２４头来源于污染地区且有临诊症状的水牛），并对所有水牛进行了骨矿物质含量和１７项生化指标的检测。骨矿物质含量在Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组间、Ⅰ组与Ⅱ＋Ⅲ组间差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组间差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），Ⅱ组Ⅲ组水牛骨Ｘ线变化可归为中度氟骨症。Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组间血清ＡＣＰ、Ｔ－Ｐ、ＡＬＢ、Ｃａ＋＋、Ｍｇ＋＋、Ｋ＋、ＨＰＯ４２－、Ｆ－和尿Ｆ－的差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），血清ＨＹＰ的差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组间血清ＡＣＰ、Ｔ－Ｐ、ＡＬＢ、ＨＹＰ、Ｃａ＋＋、Ｍｇ＋＋、Ｋ＋、ＨＰＯ４２－、Ｆ－及尿Ｆ－差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），血清ＬＤＨ差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ⅰ组与Ⅱ＋Ⅲ组间血清ＡＣＰ、Ｔ－Ｐ、ＡＬＢ、ＨＹＰ、Ｃａ＋＋、Ｍｇ＋＋、Ｋ＋、ＨＰＯ４２－、Ｆ－及尿Ｆ－差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ⅱ组Ⅲ组间所有生化指标均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。Ｘ线检查和生化指标的测定具有一致性。     

生长期牦牛蛋白质需要量的研究

将１８头１．５岁生长牦牛分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三组，分别饲喂含ＣＰ６．７１％，１０．１４％，１３．４３％的日粮，用比较屠宰试验、消化代谢试验和饲养试验相结合的方法研究其氮代谢。结果表明：Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日增重分别为５４．０６ｇ，１９３．６７ｇ，２４７．４７ｇ，其中Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），而Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；相应的尿氮（ＵＮ）排出（ｇ／ｄ·Ｗ￣（０．０５２））分别为０．５６２，１．２９１，１．７６２，其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ与Ⅰ差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ⅱ与Ⅲ差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；在氮沉积（ＮＲ）、采食氮利用效率方面，三组均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。生长牦牛的维持需要量ＲＤＣＰｍ＝６．０９３Ｗ￣（０．５２），增重需要量ＲＤＣＰｇ＝（１．１５４８／△Ｗ＋０．０５０９／Ｗ￣（０．５２））￣（－１）。得出的三个回归方程均呈强直线相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）：１．ＵＮ与进食氮（ＮＩ）的回归方程ＵＮ（ｇ／ｄ）＝－０．１１Ｗ￣（０．５２）＋０．４７３２ＮＩ（ｎ＝９，ｒ＝０．９２８）２．粪氮（ＦＮ）与干物质进食量（ＤＭＩ）及ＮＩ的回归方程ＦＮ（ｇ／ｄ）＝－０．７５１０（１＋０．８     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Prevalence and Intensity of Helminth and Coccidial Infections in Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.     

Hypothalamic dopamine is required for salsolinol‐induced prolactin secretion in goats

The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and salsolinol (SAL) for the secretion of prolactin (PRL) in goats. SAL or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) was intravenously injected into female goats treated with or without the D₂ DA receptor antagonist haloperidol (Hal), which crosses the blood‐brain barrier, and the PRL‐releasing response to SAL was compared with that to TRH. PRL‐releasing responses to SAL, Hal, and Hal plus SAL were also examined after a pretreatment to augment central DA using carbidopa (Carbi) and L‐dopa. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal alone was greater than that to SAL or TRH alone. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus SAL was similar to that of Hal alone. In contrast, the PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus TRH was greater than that to TRH or Hal alone. The treatment with Carbi plus L‐dopa inhibited SAL‐ and Hal‐induced PRL secretion. The inhibition of the PRL‐releasing response to SAL disappeared when SAL was injected with Hal. These results indicate that the mechanisms underlying the SAL‐induced PRL response differ from those of TRH, and suggest that hypothalamic DA and its synthesis is associated in part with SAL‐induced PRL secretion in goats.     

Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory diseases of cattle

The authors describe the procedure of laboratory diagnosis for bovine respiratory diseases: direct diagnosis by isolation and for identification of bacteria or viruses and indirect diagnosis by serological methods. They specify the restraints and limits of this diagnosis and the significance results which are obtained and connected with knowledge of anamnestic information.     

The effect of peri-parturient anthelmintic treatment on the productivity of dairy cattle in subtropical western India

Trials with fenbendazole (Panacur, Hoechst India Ltd) were carried out on two commercial farms in subtropical western India to study the response and economics of nematode treatment in adult dairy cows. Milk yield, lactation length, time to first oestrus and worm egg output were monitored in treated and control groups. Treatment reduced the egg count considerably. Treated cows produced 142 litres more milk over 100 days (p<0.05), with extension of lactation length and advancement of time to first oestrus. The economic gain in terms of milk yield far outweighed the cost of anthelmintic used.     

An Evaluation of the Acceptability as Forage of Some Nutritive and Antinutritive Components and of the Dry Matter Degradation Profiles of Five Species of Ficus

The suitability of five species of Ficus, F. mucoso, F. thonningii, F. polita, F. religiosa and F. benjamina, for feeding ruminant livestock was studied. The nutritive and antinutritive components were determined and the acceptability of the forages to livestock was assessed using a cafeteria method in 8 adult small ruminants. Also, the degradation potential of the dry matter of the five Ficus species was investigated using 3 fistulated sheep. The crude protein (CP) content of the Ficus species varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 130 to 180 g/kg DM. The content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) also varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 650 to 710 g/kg DM. The organic matter (OM) contents did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), having a mean value of 916 g/kg DM. The concentrations of tannin, saponin, phytic acid and oxalic acid were low. The acceptability of the forage was similar for four of the species but poor for F. polita. The extent of DM degradation varied significant among the Ficus species, the ranking order being F. benjamina > F. thonningii > F. mucoso > F. religiosa > F. polita.