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生物芯片是指通过机器人自动打印或光引导化学合成技术在硅片、玻璃、凝胶或尼龙膜上制造的生物分子微阵列。根据分子间特异性相互作用的原理 ,将生命科学领域中不连续的分析过程集成于芯片表面 ,构建微流体生物化学分析系统 ,以实现对细胞、蛋白质、基因及其它生物组分的准确、快速、大信息量的检测。按照芯片上固定的生物分子的不同 ,可以将生物芯片划分为基因芯片或DNA芯片、蛋白质芯片及芯片实验室 (Lab -on -chip)。而从其功能不同的角度 ,生物芯片又可以分为测序芯片、表达芯片和CGH芯片。基因芯片是生物芯片研究中 ,… 相似文献
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生物芯片技术在动物疫病及畜产品安全检测中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1 基本概念
生物芯片技术是随着“人类基因组计划”的进展而发展起来的,它主要是指通过微加工和微电子技术等方法,将大量生物大分子比如核酸片段、多肽分子甚至组织切片、细胞等等生物样品有序地固化于支持物(如玻片、硅片、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶、尼龙膜等载体)的表面,构建微型生物化学分析系统,组成密集二维分子排列,然后与已标记的待测生物样品中靶分子杂交,通过特定的仪器比如激光共聚焦扫描或电荷偶联摄影像机(CCD)对杂交信号的强度进行快速、并行、高效地检测分析,从而判断样品中靶分子的数量,完成对生命机体生物组分准确、快速、大信息量的检测。 相似文献
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中药防治奶牛乳腺炎的临床应用及作用机制研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国兽医学报》2017,(2):381-385
中药是我国传统医学的瑰宝,生物成分多样,疗效确切,已广泛用于奶牛乳腺炎的临床防治。现就中药防治奶牛乳腺炎的临床应用,以及中药抑制病原微生物、降低乳腺炎症反应、阻断乳腺细胞炎性信号通路、促进乳腺上皮细胞增殖和增强奶牛机体免疫力的作用机理做一综述。 相似文献
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基因芯片技术的发展与应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
1 技术原理
生物芯片技术是根据分子间特异性的相互作用原理,将生命科学领域中不连续的分析过程集成于硅芯片或玻璃芯片表面的微型生物化学分析系统,以实现对细胞、蛋白质、基因及其他生物组分的准确、快速、大信息量的检测. 相似文献
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[目的]腺苷酸激酶(adenvlate kinase,ADK)和多聚磷酸盐激酶(polyphosphate kinase,PPK)偶联催化的ATP扩增反应结合生物发光检测法能够对微量微生物进行检测.但是PPK当中结合的内源性的ADP会产生背景干扰,影响测定.本文旨在融合表达ADK和PPK,并建立一种方便有效的内源性ADP的去除方法,降低背景,使之与传统生物发光法结合,实现高灵敏生物发光法检测微量ATP及微生物.[方法]PCR扩增得到PPK、ADK基因,插入表达载体pET28a(+)中构建重组表达质粒pET28a(+)-PPKADK,表达PPK-ADK融合蛋白.利用表面包裹聚胺醇(Polyurethane)的磁珠(magnetic beads),通过化学反应将腺苷酸双磷酸酶(apvrase)固定于磁珠表面,制备固相腺苷酸双磷酸酶(Beads-apyrase),用于除去与融合蛋白结合的内源性ADP,降低ATP扩增反应的背景,从而使之与生物发光反应相结合,测定微量外源ATP及细菌菌落数.[结果]表达的融合蛋白具有PPK和ADK的活性,利用Beads-apvrase可以方便而有效的去除内源性ADP,显著地降低反应背景,从而实现了利用ATP扩增反应与传统生物发光反应结合,测定了小于1 fmol的外源微量ATP,使生物发光法检测ATP及微生物的灵敏度提高至少100倍.[结论]利用Beads-apyrase能够方便、有效地降低PPK-ADK中的ADP背景,从而使PPK-ADK催化的ArrP扩增反应能够与传统生物发光法相结合,极大地提高了生物发光法的灵敏度. 相似文献
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酶是动物机体活细胞产生的一种具有高效生物催化活性的蛋白质,可在细胞内或细胞外起催化作用。动物新陈代谢过程中的绝大多数反应都是由酶催化进行的,而且机体对代谢的调节作用也要通过酶进行。应用物理或化学方法将生物体内产生的酶提取出来制成产品即为酶制剂。 相似文献
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生物芯片技术是随着"人类基因组计划"的进展而发展起来的,主要是指通过微加工和微电子技术等方法,将大量生物大分子如核酸片段、多肽分子甚至组织切片、细胞等生物样品有序地固化于支持物(如玻片、硅片、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶、尼龙膜等载体)的表面,构建微型生物化学分析系统,组成密集二维分子排列,然后与已标记的待测生物样品中靶分子杂交,通过特定的仪器对杂交信号的强度进行并行、高效地检测分析,从而判断样品中靶分子的数量,完成对生命机体生物组分准确、快速、大信息量的检测.由于常用玻片/硅片作为固相支持物,且在制备过程模拟计算机芯片的制备技术,所以称之为生物芯片技术. 相似文献
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量子点荧光探针在生物学中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
量子点(半导体纳米微晶体)作为一种新型荧光探针应用到生命科学领域已引起了国内外科学工作者的极大关注。文章主要概括了量子点优于传统荧光染料的性质及其在细胞成像、免疫荧光技术、病理组织检测、体内成像和微生物学等方面的应用,并对其在兽医学领域的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2%的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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