PRV-IPMA抗体检测试剂盒的研制及其应用

本研究建立了一种免疫过氧化物酶单层细胞试验法（IPMA）,用于猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）血清抗体检测。通过对IPMA反应条件的优化,组装成PRV-IPMA诊断试剂盒,并对该试剂盒检测的敏感性、特异性、重复性及保存期等进行了试验。结果表明,IPMA检测相对于SN的敏感性为96．2％,特异性为97．7％,两者的总符合率为96．9％;该试剂盒检测的重复性好,与其它病毒参考血清无交叉反应;试剂盒可在-20℃保存12个月,用该试剂盒检测PRV人工感染猪血清,于感染后2周抗体全部阳转,健康对照组猪血清抗体检测均为阴性结果。对来自黑龙江、吉林、上海、内蒙古、河北等地采集的5个猪场后备母猪150份血清样本进行检测,PRV血清抗体阳性检出率为16．7％～50％。检测结果表明这些猪场后备猪群仍需加强疫苗免疫。该试剂盒的研制为我国PRV流行病学调查和疫苗免疫效果的评价提供了技术手段。     

猪圆环病毒2型ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的研制及应用

利用纯化的重组杆状病毒表达猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）Cap蛋白作为检测抗原,建立一种间接ELISA方法用于血清抗体检测。昆虫细胞株（Sf-21）接种重组杆状病毒,对蛋白表达参数及纯化工艺进行了优化,制备了5批重组蛋白抗原,表达量占总蛋白的18.7%左右;Ni2＋亲和层析柱纯化获得重组蛋白纯度为90.1%;重组蛋白可被特异性抗体识别,具有良好的免疫活性。用建立的ELISA法对30份已知阴性血清样本检测临界OD405nm值为0.343;ELISA与IPMA对150份血清进行平行检测符合率为95.3%,特异性为91.2%,敏感性为96.5%;与其他几种常见猪病毒参考血清无交叉反应。组装的试剂盒批内和批间变异系数分别为4.0%～4.8%和8.9%～9.9%;置-20℃保存12个月稳定。试剂盒对人工感染猪血清检测结果,接种后第5周抗体阳转,第8周～9周抗体水平达到高峰;对来自黑龙江、吉林、河北、上海等地猪场1085份血清抗体检测,阳性率为73.6%。研制的ELISA试剂盒为临床PCV2血清抗体检测及疫苗免疫效果的评价提供了技术手段。     

PRRSV-IPMA抗体检测试剂盒的研制及其应用

建立了一种检测猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）血清抗体的免疫过氧化物酶单层细胞试验法（IPMA），并组装成PRRSV-IPMA抗体检测试剂盒。对该试剂盒的敏感性、特异性、重复性及保存期等进行了试验，并与国外IDEXX ELISA试剂盒进行了比较。结果显示，用该试剂盒检测PRRSV人工接种猪血清样品，第1周抗体阳性检出率为50％，从第2周起抗体阳性检出率均为100％，而对照组猪血清抗体检测均为阴性。该试剂盒重复性好，-20℃保存18个月稳定，与其他病毒参考血清无交叉反应，与国外IDEXX ELISA试剂盒的符合率为83．3%。用该试剂盒对采自黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、上海等地13个猪场的520份正常猪血清样品进行了抗体检测，结果，4个猪场阳性率高达90％以上，仅有2个猪场为阴性，其余猪场阳性率为10％～57%。     

猪圆环病毒2型ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的研制及初步应用

用PCV2 Cap蛋白单克隆抗体预包被酶标板,将杆状病毒表达系统表达的PCV2 Cap蛋白作为检测用抗原,利用捕获包被法建立了间接ELISA法用于猪圆环病毒2型抗体的检测.通过优化ELISA条件,研制试剂盒并应用于圆环病毒2型疫苗的免疫效果检验.利用研制的试剂盒与IFA、商品化进口和国产同类试剂盒对178份猪血清进行平行检测,总符合率分别为96.63％、97.75％和84.27％,与其他几种常见猪病毒抗体阳性血清无交叉反应.试剂盒批内、批间变异系数分别为2.35％ ～4.06％和4.87％ ～ 6.54％,2～8℃保存15个月稳定,适合于对不同来源猪圆环病毒2型疫苗人工免疫猪血清抗体进行检测.     

2008～2010年华东部分地区猪圆环病毒2型感染血清学调查

为了解华东地区近三年来猪圆环病毒病（porcine circovirus disease,PCVD）的流行状况,以便更好地控制该病的发生,2008年1月～2010年9月在华东地区5个省、直辖市及河南省的68个规模化猪场（均未免疫商品化猪圆环病毒疫苗）共收集1017份猪血清样品,应用商品化猪圆环病毒（Porcine circovirus,PCV）抗体诊断试剂盒（PCV2-ELISA）,对送检血清样品进行PCV2抗体水平检测。结果显示：送检猪血清中抗体阳性总数为609份,总阳性率为59.88%;2008、2009和2010年送检样品的阳性率分别为53.4%、35.33%和80.63%,PCV血清抗体阳性率呈先下降后上升的趋势;成年猪血清阳性率最高为81.40%,保育猪血清阳性率最低为41.48%,仔猪和育肥猪血清阳性率相近,分别为57.95%和52.20%,说明仔猪断奶后随母源抗体下降其抗体阳性率亦下降,但随猪龄的增长而感染逐渐加重后其抗体阳性率又升高,且不同生长阶段PCV毒抗体阳性率有明显差异。     

猪圆环病毒2型间接ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的研制及初步应用

以大肠杆菌原核表达系统表达的猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白为抗原,建立猪圆环病毒2型间接ELISA检测方法,优化ELISA反应条件,研制猪圆环病毒2型ELISA抗体检测试剂盒。与商品化试剂盒相比,该检测试剂盒敏感性、特异性和符合率分别为95.12%、92.86%和94.55%;同时与猪圆环病毒1型（PCV1）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）等多种病毒阳性血清无交叉反应。试剂盒具有较好的重复性,在-20 ℃至少可保存1年以上,将其应用于临床血清样品的检测,结果安徽、广东、广西采样猪场的PCV2阳性率分别为100%、48.39%、100%。     

云南省猪2型圆环病毒血清抗体调查

用免疫酶联吸附试验 (ELISA)法 ,检测 899份猪血清的猪 2型圆环病毒抗体 ,结果阳性 2 6 1份 ,阳性率为2 9%。     

一种猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的临床应用

采用猪圆环病毒2-dCap-ELISA抗体检测试剂盒,对河北、山西两地共441份猪血清样品进行检测。结果显示,河北保定地区349份血清样品中阳性样品为306份,感染率为87.68%;山西地区92份血清样品中阳性样品为77份,感染率为83.7%。与标准的间接免疫荧光检测法进行比较,该ELISA检测试剂盒的诊断敏感性为95.48%（380/398）,诊断特异性为93.02%（40/43）,总符合率为95.24%。由此表明该试剂盒是一种简便、快速、灵敏、适合于大规模临床应用的猪圆环病毒2型抗体检测试剂盒。     

猪流感H1亚型和猪链球菌2型临床分离血清的抗体检测

以各省份未免疫猪链球菌病疫苗和猪流感疫苗猪场的临床发病猪分离的4 661份猪血清作为检测对象,使用猪流感病毒(H1亚型)ELISA抗体检测试剂盒和猪链球菌2型ELISA抗体检测试剂盒分别检测猪流感病毒(H1N1)和猪链球菌2型(SS2)的抗体,将检测结果从时间、空间进行分析,以探究猪流感与猪链球菌感染的基本规律,从而为疾病的防治提供借鉴和指导。检测结果表明,初春4月左右是猪流感流行的季节,猪流感H1N1抗体平均阳性率为45.19%;猪链球菌一般在7-11月流行,猪链球菌2型(SS2)抗体平均阳性率为54.85%,双阳性的血清检出率在10-12月最高,双阳性的血清检出率最高的是湖南省。     

猪圆环病毒2型阻断ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的研制与应用

为了进一步提高对猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)检测的特异性,利用PCV2Cap蛋白及酶标记Cap单克隆抗体,建立了一种检测猪血清中PCV2Cap蛋白抗体的阻断ELISA方法,并将其组装成试剂盒。对阻断ELISA试剂盒进行了敏感性、特异性、重复性、符合率和保存期测定。结果显示,其敏感性高,特异性强,批内批间重复性好,与商品化试剂盒符合率高,保存期长且性质相对稳定。先后制备了5个批次的阻断ELISA试剂盒,用于检测PCV2不同疫苗免疫猪血清、规模猪场PMWS发病猪及同群健康猪血清、不同日龄猪群血清.结果显示,PCV2油佐剂免疫组血清抗体水平相对较高,PWMS发病猪血清抗体水平高于同群健康猪,猪群中育肥猪血清抗体水平最高。     

Development and application of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serum antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2.

We report the development of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the agent associated with the recently described postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. At present, no method has been published describing a c-ELISA for the detection of antibodies to PCV2, and currently employed tests are impractical for use in some laboratories. The assay described here uses a cell culture isolate of porcine circovirus type 2 as antigen and a PCV2-specific monoclonal antibody as the competing reagent. Evaluation of the ELISA was performed by comparison with results obtained using an indirect immunofluorescent test on 484 sera from pig herds in the United Kingdom, Canada, France, and the USA and serial bleeds from pigs experimentally infected with porcine circoviruses. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were determined as 99.58% and 97.14%, respectively, at 2 standard deviations (SD) from the mean or 95.81% and 100% at 3 SD from the mean. Using this ELISA, a serologic survey of 461 sera collected from commercial pig herds in Northern Ireland between 1973 and 1999 was undertaken. Analysis of the results of this survey demonstrated that the number of ELISA-positive sera detected in an individual year during this period ranged from 55% to 100%. This c-ELISA has applications for large-scale rapid diagnosis of PCV2 infection in pig populations worldwide and for immunoscreening of sera from other species for antibodies to PCV2.     

The presence of co-infections in pigs with clinical signs of PMWS in The Netherlands: a case-control study

In this study, 60 pigs with clinical signs of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) from 20 different pig herds and 180 control pigs (without clinical signs of PMWS) were examined to get more insights into the frequencies of porcine circovirus 2 infections and the presence of co-infections in pigs with and without clinical signs of PMWS in the Netherlands. Porcine circovirus type 2 was detected in 100% of the pigs with clinical signs of PMWS by virus isolation and/or PCR and in 50% of the pigs from PMWS-free herds. There was an association between the levels of infectious PCV2 and/or PCV2 DNA load and the severity of clinical signs as described for PMWS. A high variation in PCV2 antibody titres was found in the clinically affected pigs, and 27% of these pigs did not mount PCV2 antibody titres higher than 1:200. A concurrent infection of PCV2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was found in at least 83% of the pigs with clinical signs of PMWS and in 35% of the pigs from PMWS-free herds. Co-infections of European- and American-type PRRSV were detected only in PMWS herds and in one control herd with a history of PMWS clinical signs.     

An ORF2 protein-based ELISA for porcine circovirus type 2 antibodies in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in swine. As PCV2 displays significant homology with PCV1 (a non-pathogenic virus) at the nucleotide and amino-acid level, a discriminative antigen is needed for specific serological diagnosis. The ORF2-encoded capsid protein from PCV2 was used to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). GST-fused capsid protein from PCV2 and GST alone (both expressed in recombinant baculovirus-infected cells) were used as antigens for serodiagnosis. The specificity of the ELISA for detection of PCV2 antibodies was demonstrated in sera from pigs experimentally infected with PCV1, PCV2 and other swine viruses. The semi-quantitative nature of the test was evaluated versus an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA). The ELISA was performed on 322 sera from pigs in eight Brittany herds and compared with IPMA. The sensitivity (98.2%) and specificity (94.5%) of this test were considered suitable for individual serological detection. High PCV2 seroprevalence was found in sows and pigs at the end of the growth phase (18-19 weeks) in all eight herds. The seroprevalence in piglets (11-17 weeks) was statistically correlated with clinical symptoms of PMWS (93% in affected versus 54%, in non-affected farms). A cohort study performed in PMWS-free farms showed that 57% of piglets exhibited active seroconversion after 13 weeks, indicating that PCV2 infection occurred earlier in PMWS-affected piglets.     

Detection and Analysis of Antibodies of Porcine Reproductive and Respiration Syndrome Virus and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Southern Regions of Henan Province

In order to investigate antibody levels of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in porcine serum, we randomly collected from different sizes of farms in southern regions of Henan province, these pigs had or had not been vaccinated with PRRS and PCVD vaccine. The antibody levels of PRRSV and PCV2 were detected by ELISA in this article. The results showed that average qualification rates of antibodies of PRRSV and PCV2 were 68.8% and 58.7% in vaccinated farms,respectively,the larger farm, the higher qualified rate, which 200 to 500 sow pigs farm was the highest (76.8% and 77.4%,respectively) and under 50 sow pigs farm was the lowest (48.3% and 44.2%, respectively), which sow pig was highest and finishing pig was lowest. The results showed that average positive rates of PRRSV and PCV2 antibodie were 55.6% and 65.3% in no vaccinated farm, respectively, which average positive rate of PRRSV antibody in 100 to 200 sow pigs farm was lowest (46.5%), under 50 sow pigs farm was highest (68.8%), and growing pig and finishing pig were both more than 71%, which average positive rate of PCV2 antibody, the larger farm, the lower positive rate, 200 to 500 sow pigs farm was 41.4%, 50 to 100 sow pigs farm and under 50 sow pigs farm were 78.6% and 78.9%,respectively, and female and male sow pigs were lowest (37.5% and 40.4%,respectively), and growing pig and finishing pig were higher (82.2% and 79.5%, respectively). This research reflected the situation and the rule of the antibody levels of PRRSV and PCV2, these pigs had or not been vaccinated with PRRS and PCVD vaccine, and provided theoretical bases and guidances for prevention and control of PRRS and PCVD in southern regions of Henan province.     

Comparative serologic and virologic study of commercial swine herds with and without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

A comparative serologic and virologic study was performed in pigs from 5 herds with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and 2 herds without PMWS in Quebec. In each herd, 60 blood samples were collected at 4-wk intervals from pigs from 3 to 23 wk of age. The serum was evaluated for the presence of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), as well as for the presence of nucleic acid of PCV2, PRRSV, and porcine parvovirus (PPV), by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serologic profiles for PCV2 were very similar in 6 of the 7 herds, including the 2 without PMWS, and were characterized by a gradual decrease in antibody titres from 3 until 11 wk of age, followed by seroconversion at 15 wk, and high PCV2 antibody titres thereafter in all pigs. Only starting at 11 to 15 wk of age could PCV2 viremia be detected, except in 1 herd, in which clinical signs were observed at 6 to 7 wk of age. A PCV2 viremia could be detected within the same pigs for a minimum of 8 wk, and the virus could still be detected in 41% of the serum samples obtained at 23 wk of age. The antibody level did not appear to influence the occurrence of disease, since titres were similar in pigs in the herds with or without PMWS. Infection with PRRSV, as demonstrated by PCR and seroconversion, preceded that of PCV2 by at least 1 mo in both types of herd. Both PRRSV and PCV2 were detected in some pigs in 5 of the 7 herds, including 1 herd without PMWS. Porcine parvovirus could be detected in serum by PCR in 2 herds with PMWS after the onset of clinical signs and also in 1 herd without PMWS. Genomic analysis of PCV2 strains identified in the herds without PMWS indicated complete or very high homology (99.4% to 100%) with the PCV2 strains identified in 4 herds with PMWS. In our field study, the triggering of PMWS in the herds could not be linked to coinfection with either PRRSV or PPV or to the use of a specific immunostimulant, such as vaccines, or to particular genomic differences between the PCV2 strains identified.     

猪圆环病毒2型胶体金抗体检测方法的建立

为建立检测猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)胶体金检测方法,本研究对SPA蛋白进行胶体金标记,并喷涂于玻璃纤维上制备金标垫,分别以重组PCV2 ORF2蛋白和猪IgG作为检测线和质控线,制作PCV2抗体检测胶体金免疫层析试纸条。检测结果表明,试纸条操作简单,肉眼于10 min内可以判定结果,对PCV2免疫血清具有高度特异性,与猪其它病毒免疫血清无交叉反应,检测灵敏度与ELISA相近。试纸条在室温保存6个月,其特异性及灵敏度无明显变化。对临床采集的324份血清样品进行检测,结果与ELISA试剂盒总符合率为98.77%。表明本研究建立的PCV2抗体免疫层析检测方法具有特异、敏感、稳定、操作简单快捷等特点,适合于PCV2抗体的现场检测。     

Characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in Taiwan

In an effort to understand the genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and the prevalence of PCV2 infection in Taiwanese herds, we have sequenced the complete genomes from PCV2-infected specimens and individually measured the antibody titer against PCV2 from pigs reared in Taiwan between the years 2000 and 2002. A total of 623 specimens originating from pigs displaying varied clinical signs were screened with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results showed that 309 pigs (49.6%) tested positive for PCV2. Eight of the positive specimens were used for the amplification of the complete viral genome. Sequence comparison of the complete genomes indicated that the 8 Taiwanese PCV2 isolates shared 95-99% similarity. Phylogenetic analysis of all 40 PCV2 isolates from North America, Europe, Asia and Taiwan revealed that those isolates were grouped together in one large group containing two minor subgroups. The Taiwanese PCV2 isolates were classified into the two minor subgroups. The prevalence of serum antibodies to PCV2 in pigs was investigated, and results showed that approximately 83.5% of the pigs in Taiwan were seropositive. Finishing pigs possess the highest titers of antibodies, while 9-week-old pigs contained the lowest titers for specific antibodies. Our results suggest that PCV2 infections have become common in Taiwanese pig farms.     

Development of an ELISA based on the baculovirus-expressed capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 as antigen

The genome of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) contains two major open reading frames, which have been shown to encode the virus capsid and replication-associated proteins. The capsid protein is a major structural protein of the virus; it can be a suitable target antigen for detecting PCV2-specific antibodies to monitor PCV2 infection. To produce the antigen, the capsid protein coding sequence was cloned into a baculovirus transfer vector, and a recombinant capsid (rC) protein of PCV2 was expressed as a combined fusion protein in frame with a C-terminal peptide of six histidines. The affinity-purified rC protein was used as coating antigen to develop an ELISA for detecting the virus-specific antibodies in swine sera. The rC protein-based ELISA (rcELISA) was evaluated by examining a panel of 49 PCV2-positive and 49 PCV2-negative swine sera. In comparative experiments of immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA) using 102 field sera, there was 89.2% coincidence between data obtained by the rcELISA and IPMA. The rcELISA achieved 88.5% specificity and 89.4% sensitivity for detection of PCV2 antibody in the field sera. The assay showed no cross-reactivity with antibodies to PCV type 1, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine parvovirus. The results suggest that the rcELISA is suitable for routine serodiagnosis and epidemiological surveys of PCV2-associated diseases.     

Survey of porcine circovirus 2 and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in New South Wales piggeries

OBJECTIVE: To determine if postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is occurring in the New South Wales pig population and to determine the current and past seroprevalence of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). DESIGN: Pig veterinarians were contacted seeking submission of tissues from animals with clinical signs suggestive of PMWS. Samples were also accepted from suspected cases of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). Serological studies were also undertaken on archival sera and sera submitted during the study. PROCEDURE: Histopathological examination was undertaken on all tissues submitted. The presence of PCV2 was determined by immunohistochemistry. Sera were tested for PCV2 using a commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit modified for testing of serum samples. RESULTS: No cases of PMWS were identified during the study. Four cases of PDNS were identified. PCV2 antibody was detected in 80% of archival sera from 1995 and 75.8% from 2001. Seroprevalence in samples tested during 2002-2003 was 87.8%. PCV2 was isolated from tissues of a case of PDNS. CONCLUSION: PCV2 is widespread in the New South Wales pig population and has been since at least 1995. This study describes the first isolation of an Australian PCV2. No cases of PMWS were identified in New South Wales.     

First report of porcine circovirus type 2 infections in Cuba

To obtain information about the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection status of pigs in Cuba and the probable association of PCV2 with other porcine viruses, tissue samples collected from ill pigs were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR analysis showed that 67.7% of the samples (23/34) from seven swine herds of six different geographic regions were detected to be positive for PCV2. Ten of the 23 PCV2 positive samples (43.5%) shown a concurrent infection with porcine parvovirus (PPV) and 17 of 23 PCV2 positive samples (73.9%) exhibited a concomitant infection with classical swine fever virus (CSFV). This study is the first report of PCV2 infecting pigs with different clinical conditions in Cuban swine herds and provides evidence of PCV2 co-infection with PPV and CSFV in the field.