维生素与矿物质对母猪繁殖性能的研究进展

随着现代育种技术的进步．母猪的繁殖性能得到了极大提高．对繁殖母猪营养需要的研究也不断深人。维生素和矿物质对母猪的繁殖性能具有重要意义．影响母猪繁殖性能的维生素包括VA与β-胡萝卜素、VE、叶酸、生物素等,影响母猪繁殖性能的矿物质包括硒、铬、铁、钙、磷、锌等。     

维生素营养对种猪繁殖能力的影响

综述了脂溶性维生素(主要是VA、VE、VD等)、水溶性维生素(主要是VB2、叶酸、生物素、VC等)以及其他维生素对种猪繁殖性能的影响,对种猪的饲养与生产具有一定的指导作用.     

母猪繁殖中的几种重要的维生素

论述了β－胡萝卜素和VA、VE、叶酸、核黄素、生物素等几种重要维生素对母猪繁殖性能的影响。研究表明，在母猪日粮中添加上述维生素，能降低胚胎和仔猪死亡率，显著提高产仔数，从而改善母猪的繁殖性能。     

维生素A对母猪繁殖性能的影响

在概述VA的来源、代谢及对母猪繁殖性能的作用机理的基础上,阐明了VA缺乏对繁殖母猪生产性能的影响.着重指出VA在提高繁殖母猪生产性能中起着积极作用,是不可缺少的营养素之一.     

浅析维生素对母畜繁殖力的影响

简述了维生素A、B、D、E等对繁殖母畜的影响,为营养调控母畜的繁殖机能提供依据。     

维生素的免疫功能

维生素是维持动物良好的营养状态和生产性能所必需的营养物质,是许多酶的辅酶或辅基,间接参与免疫细胞增殖分化和DNA、RNA、抗体的合成。维生素缺乏、中毒及不平衡需要动物对营养畸形作出代谢性补偿,从而导致某些代谢性疾病的发生、免疫功能下降,并最终降低动物的整体生产性能和健康状况。1维生素A和β-胡萝卜素1.1维生素A(VA)VA是高等动物生长、健康和生命所必需的(McDowell,1989)。VA有以下代谢功能:视觉、上皮的维护、繁殖、骨骼形成、转录的调控、胚胎发育、造血和免疫。大量试验表明,VA是维持机体正常免疫功能的重要营养物质,…     

维生素A对母猪繁殖性能的影响

在概述VA的来源、代谢及对母猪繁殖性能的作用机理的基础上，阐明了VA缺乏对繁殖母猪生产性能的影响，着重指出：VA在提高繁殖母猪生产性能中起着积极作用，是不可缺少的营养素之一。     

铁和维生素A对肉仔鸡肝脏、血清中A、E浓度的影响

研究日粮Fe(0 .30 ,6 0mg kg)和VA(75 0 ,15 0 0 ,2 70 0IU kg)水平对肉仔鸡不同生长阶段 (0～ 4周龄和 5～ 7周龄 )肝脏、血清中VA、VE浓度的影响。结果表明 :铁对前后期肝脏及血清的VA浓度影响均显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,随着铁添加水平的增加 ,肝VA浓度下降 ,血清VA浓度上升。铁对前后期肝脏及血清的VE浓度影响均极显著 (P <0 .0 1) ,随着铁添加水平的增加 ,肝VE浓度下降 ,血清VE浓度上升。VA对前后期肝脏及血清的VA浓度影响均显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,随着VA添加水平的增加 ,肝脏及血清的VA浓度上升。VA对前后期肝脏及血清的VE浓度影响均显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,随着VA添加水平的增加 ,肝VE浓度下降 ,血清VE浓度上升。     

维生素A、维生素C和维生素E混合物对浙东白鹅繁殖机能的影响

研究了添加VA、VC和VE混合物(1.5 kg/t饲料)对浙东白鹅繁殖性能、血浆激素浓度和下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴基因mRNA水平的影响。结果显示:饲喂维生素混合物可显著提高浙东白鹅第1产蛋周期蛋重和受精率(P<0.05),但对第2产蛋周期产蛋量、蛋重、受精率和孵化率影响有限;饲喂维生素混合物可提高浙东白鹅第2产蛋周期内血浆FSH、P4、HCG和赖抱期、恢复期E2的浓度,降低LH浓度,改变浙东白鹅产蛋周期内FSH波动规律(P<0.05),降低下丘脑内PRLR、垂体内PRL和卵巢内PRLR基因的mRNA水平(P<0.05),提高卵巢内ESR2基因的mRNA水平(P<0.05),对下丘脑内GnRH、垂体内PRL和FSHβ、卵巢内PRL、ESR1和FSHR基因的mRNA水平影响不显著。因此,VA、VC和VE混合物可以通过影响繁殖期内部分血浆激素浓度变化,下调生殖轴PRLR mRNA水平以减弱PRL信号,从而改善浙东白鹅的繁殖性能。     

β-胡萝卜素和维生素A对反刍动物繁殖作用的影响

动物的繁殖性能是考察和利用种用动物的一个重要参数,影响动物繁殖性能的因素主要有遗传力、营养和环境因素。在营养因素中,维生素A和胡萝卜素对动物繁殖性能的影响不容忽视,本文主要介绍了β-胡萝卜素和维生素A对反刍动物繁殖作用的影响。     

维生素A、维生素D和维生素E在动物体内的相互作用

本文主要综述了维生素A、维生素D和维生素E在动物体内的相互作用及其可能的机制,为科学确定这些维生素在动物日粮中的适宜添加量,提高动物的生产性能提供依据。     

Vitamin E

Vitamin E activity was first identified as a dietary factor essential for reproduction in the rat. It is now known that this vitamin has a far wider range of functions in the body than its role in fertility. It interacts with selenium-containing glutathione peroxidase to prevent the oxidative breakdown of tissue membranes associated with the hydroperoxides of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Relationships with other factors such as stress and vitamin C, have been proposed. The symptoms of deficiency of vitamin E vary according to species. With so many variables it is difficult to estimate the optimum allowances of the vitamin for the many types of livestock diets. These problems are discussed and the calculation of allowances of vitamin E in rations for both monogastric and ruminant animals is explained.     

Serum Vitamin E Concentration of Horses on Different Vitamin E Supplementation Levels

Abstract

The influence of vitamin E supplementation on blood serum vitamin E concentration as well as the seasonal variation of serum vitamin concentration was investigated. Forty horses were divided into a control and three vitamin E supplementation (experimental) groups. The levels of the vitamin E supplementation in the three experimental groups were 1, 3 or 5 mg/kg body weight (bwt) per day. The vitamin was dosed orally. The supplementation was started either at the beginning or in the middle of the indoor (winter) feeding period. There was seasonal variation in the serum vitamin E content; the serum vitamin concentration increased during the grazing and decreased during the indoor feeding period. The basal feeding and a daily supplement of 1 mg/kg bwt were not adequate to maintain or increase the serum vitamin E concentration during the indoor feeding period in an exercising horse. The minimum daily intake of vitamin E would seem to be greater than 1.5 mg/kg bwt. It is suggested that a daily supplement of 3 to 5 mg/kg bwt may be required by horses in training to increase the serum vitamin E levels. This amounts to 1500–2500 mg/day for a horse weighing 500 kg. Supplementation should be started at the beginning of the indoor feeding period.     

日粮锌与维生素A水平对维生素A代谢的影响

以216只VC-Ⅱ生长獭兔为研究对象,研究了日粮中锌与维生素A的不同水平对獭兔体内维生素A代谢的影响。结果表明:日粮锌水平可显著影响血清维生素A含量,而不影响肝脏维生素A含量;日粮维生素A水平可显著影响血清及肝脏维生素A含量。证明日粮锌与维生素A水平在血清维生素A浓度上存在互作效应。     

维生素E缺乏对大白鼠肝脏中维生素A含量的影响

实际生产中人们对维生素A缺乏问题很关注.近期报道维生素A和维生素E之间有拮抗作用,日粮中维生素E量对动物机体脏器中维生素A含量有很大影响.为了验证此说法,笔者进行了喂服维生素E缺乏的饲料来测定动物肝脏中维生素A含量的试验,具体过程报道如下:     

维生素:做强产业需冲破应用技术困局

<正>玄米茶是一种日韩风味绿茶饮品,由于其制作是以糙米为原料经浸泡、蒸熟、滚炒等工艺制成的玄米与绿茶拼配而成,因此,既有日本传统绿茶淡淡的幽香,又蕴含特制的烘炒米香,而且具备玄米和绿茶的双重营养     

维生素A、E对獭兔繁殖性能的影响

28只繁殖獭兔随机均分两组,基础日粮相同,试验组自配种前3天至妊娠第7天于日粮中添加维生素A8mg/kg、维生素E100mg/kg。结果与对照组相比:试验组产活仔数提高了20.23%(P<0.05),断奶成活率提高了7.23%(P<0.05),增重提高7.11%(P<0.05)。     

奶牛的维生素营养

奶牛是一种草食家畜，以青粗饲料为主，其维生素来源比较丰富，加之瘤胃微生物能够合成多种维生素，因而在奶牛日粮中往往容易忽视补充维生素，中国奶牛饲养标准中也仅仅规定了维生素A及胡萝卜素的需要量。但在实际生产中，由于不同季节青饲料的不均衡性以及奶牛产奶性能的提高或奶牛繁殖等需要，如不注意补充维生素，将会严重影响奶牛的健康、     

The effect of increasing the Vitamin B12 status of Romney ewes on foetal liver Vitamin B12, milk Vitamin B12 and liver Vitamin B12 concentrations in suckling lambs

AIM: To determine the effect of increasing the Vitamin B12 status of the ewe on the Vitamin B12 supply to the suckling lamb. METHODS: The Vitamin B12 status of the ewe was increased during gestation and lactation by three injections of a long-acting preparation of Vitamin B12 microencapsulated in an organic acid polymer. The Vitamin B12 status of the ewes and suckling lambs was assessed from changes in serum and liver Vitamin B12 concentrations. RESULTS: Compared to untreated animals, serum and liver Vitamin B12 concentrations of the treated ewes were increased at least 70% during gestation. Foetal liver Vitamin B12 concentrations were increased 270%. Over the lactation, ewe serum and milk Vitamin B12 concentrations were increased at least 200% and 44%, respectively. The liver Vitamin B12 stores of the newborn lambs from Vitamin B12-treated ewes were depleted within 58 days. There were no significant differences in the serum Vitamin B12 concentrations of suckling lambs from Vitamin B12-treated and untreated ewes. CONCLUSION: Ewes with a high Vitamin B12 status will ensure an adequate supply of Vitamin B12 to their lambs for at least the first 30 days of life. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In flocks grazing Co-deficient pastures, treating ewes with a long-acting Vitamin B12 supplement at mating will prevent Vitamin B12 (Co) deficiency in ewes, as well as their lambs, until they can be treated at tailing at 4-6 weeks of age.