斑点叉尾鮰病毒宿主研究

为了解斑点叉尾鮰病毒(CCV)感染宿主范围和CCV病暴发的水温条件.本研究将斑点叉尾鮰、鳙鱼、加州鲈、鲫鱼、南方大口鲇、鲤鱼、胭脂鱼、岩原鲤、四川白甲、草鱼鱼苗各250尾,体质量约为25 g,随机分成102组,每组20尾,分别通过浸泡感染、胸腔感染和胸腔感染暴发温度实验,实验期14 d.结果表明,.加州鲈和南方大口鲇对CCV非常易感,25℃斑点又尾鮰和南方大口鲇死亡50%,加州鲈40%死亡;28℃斑点叉尾鮰和南方大口鲇全部死亡,加州鲈75%死亡;鲤鱼也会感染但不死亡,实验的其它鱼类没有组织病理学改变和临床症状出现.研究结果表明CCV对加州鲈和南方大口鲇敏感,暴发温度为25℃.     

河南中牟地区斑点叉尾鮰突发性败血症病原分离及鉴定

为鉴定近期河南中牟地区斑点叉尾鮰突发性败血症的病原,本研究从患病濒死鱼中分离到3株致病菌并对其进行常规理化特性、分子生物学、病理学和致病性试验以及药敏性检测。结果显示,3株分离株理化特性与维氏气单胞菌(A.veronii)特征相符,与Gen Bank中登录的A.veronii的gyr B基因同源性达99%以上,在系统发育树上均与A.veronii聚为一族。病理学和致病性试验显示,病鱼鳃、肝、肾、脾、肠等组织器官具有典型病理变化,人工感染鱼出现与自然发病相似症状,并能够从发病鱼组织中再次分离到相同病原菌,以上结果表明3株分离株均为致病性A.veronii。药敏试验表明3株分离菌株均对氧氟沙星、氯霉素、多西环素3种药物敏感。本实验为中牟地区A.veronii的防治和自然感染A.veronii致病机理的研究奠定了基础。     

南方鲇拟态弧菌的分离、鉴定及其感染的病理损伤

南方鲇的溃疡病是近年来发生的一种严重危害南方鲇的病原不清楚的传染病,2013年7月与9月从四川南方鲇养殖区自然感染发病的南方鲇体内分离到2株G-弧形,极生单鞭毛短杆菌(SCCF05与PYD)。其在TSA平板上28℃培养48h,形成表面光滑,边缘整齐,微隆起,乳白色圆形菌落,在TCBS平板上形成绿色菌落。根据分离菌株的形态学和生理生化特性初步判定其为弧菌(Vibrio sp)。16SrDNA与gyrB序列分析表明,2分离株16SrDNA序列(KJ001822、KF907127)与GenBank中V.cholerae 16SrDNA序列同源性最高;而gyrB序列(KC503054、KF998569)与V.mimicus gyrB序列同源性最高。在以分离菌16SrDNA序列及其GenBank中同源性较高的相关序列构建的系统发育树上,2分离菌与V.cholerae和V.mimicus聚为一族;在以gyrB基因序及其GenBank中同源性较高的相关序列构建的系统发育树上,2分离株与V.mimicus聚为一族。在基于弧菌系统发育标志性鉴别基因dnaJ的双重PCR检测中,2分离株基因组DNA中均特异性扩增出约为177bp条带,与预期V.mimicus扩增片段一致,进而鉴定2株分离菌为V.mimicus。2株V.mimicus对链霉素、罗红霉素、丁胺卡那、氟哌酸、氟苯尼考和氧氟沙星等抗菌药物敏感,对头孢曲松与强力霉素耐药。病理学观察发现,V.mimicus感染南方鲇对多组织器官都造成明显的病理损伤,尤其是肌肉、肝、脾、肾的损伤较为严重,表现为明显的出血、变性和坏死以及炎症细胞浸润等。     

雉鸡自然感染高致病性禽流感的病理组织学观察

本研究对已经确诊为自然感染发生高致病性禽流感的病死雉鸡的各组织器官进行病理学观察。结果发现,该养殖场的病、死雉鸡出现明显和广泛的出血和组织损伤,腹部、腿部皮下肌肉、肺、脾出血,心肌条索状坏死,胰腺、脾、肾、肝脏等器官灶状坏死。组织病理学变化以典型的病毒性心肌炎、淋巴细胞性脑炎、间质性肺炎、间质性肾炎,急性出血性肠炎,以及胰腺、肝脏、脾脏的变质性炎症等为主要特征。     

鸭肝炎自然病例与鸭肝炎病毒人工发病病例组织病理学观察

到目前为止，对鸭肝炎I型作组织病理学研究的工作可分为下列几种：鸡鸭肝炎I型标准毒株人工发病雏鸭肝、脾、脑等多种器官作组织病理学观察；对鸭肝炎I型野外病例肝、脾、脑等作组织病理学观察；对鸭肝炎I型人工感染鸡胚肝脏等几种脏器作组织病理学观察等。国外Sandhu等还对鸭肝炎I型变 异株感染雏鸭作组织病理学观察。本文报道了对珠江三角洲有变异倾向的鸭肝炎I型自然病例和6株野毒人工发病病例的组织病理学观察结果，观察包括肝、脾、胰、脑、心、肺、肾、、腺胃、小肠、法氏囊等10种脏器，并对各器官的病变进行具体描述与统计。为国内外研究DHVI型变异株感染的组织病理学研究提供了更丰富详实的资料。     

天鹅源丙型副伤寒沙门菌感染实验小鼠的组织病理学及抗原分布

为了研究天鹅源丙型副伤寒沙门菌感染致实验小鼠的组织病理学变化和其菌体抗原的组织分布,奠定菌株致病机制的研究基础,采用天鹅源丙型副伤寒沙门菌株口腔灌服感染实验小鼠,在感染后不同时点采集小鼠11个组织脏器制备石蜡切片,进行HE染色和免疫酶组织化学染色,对感染小鼠的组织病变及菌体抗原的分布进行观察。感染小鼠的心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肠道、脑等组织在感染3~6h后开始出现炎性反应,直至感染后14d;感染鼠回肠组织有显著的坏死、脱落及炎性损伤,右心室呈现脱落的血栓栓子,肺泡壁增厚、血管充血、水肿、炎性细胞浸润和支气管肺炎,多脏器变性、坏死、炎性细胞浸润,多脏器组织可见"伤寒小结"。感染3h,除脑外,其他被检脏器皆检出细菌抗原,除感染途径肠道细菌抗原含量极高,脾、心、肺、肝的阳性信号也很强,且主要存在组织的细胞质中。研究结果提示天鹅源丙型副伤寒沙门菌能感染实验小鼠,侵嗜小鼠多个脏器,长时间不同程度地引起多脏器变性、坏死及炎性反应。     

一例鸽三病混合感染的诊治

<正>鸽毛滴虫与白色念珠菌寄生在鸽的上消化道,引起口腔、食道和嗉囊黏膜发炎溃烂及出现黄白色干酪样假膜。而鸽沙门氏杆菌主要侵害鸽的实质器官和肠道,引起这些组织器官(如肝、脾、肾和大小肠)发生不同程度灰黄色坏死结节。当三者混合感染时,使鸽病情严重,致死率极高。1发病经过2013年4月中旬江苏省泰兴市肉鸽养殖户李     

人工感染猪丹毒杆菌肉鸽的病理变化

用猪丹毒杆菌人工感染2月龄肉鸽,对其进行临床症状,病理剖检及病理组织学观察。试验结果表明,人工感染猪丹毒杆菌肉鸽在接种细菌后12h出现症状,18～45h全部死亡。剖检可见肠道卡他性炎,脾呈典型的败血性变化,心、肝、肾、肺等不同程度的淤血和出血。病理组织学检查表明,在感染肉鸽的心、肝、肾、肺等组织出现炎症及坏死性脾炎等病变。     

泡囊短波单胞菌对鲫鱼的病理组织学损伤

为探讨泡囊短波单胞菌对鲫鱼的各组织的病理性损伤,用从患病黄颡鱼分离的泡囊短波单胞菌人工感染鲫鱼。对感染鱼的肝脏、心脏、肾脏、脾脏、肌肉组织进行取材固定、H.E.染色,制作病理组织切片。被感染鱼的临床症状主要表现为烂尾、鱼鳍基部出血溃烂、腹部肿胀出血、肛门红肿和鱼嘴出血。组织切片病理变化主要表现在肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肌肉和心脏,出现肿胀、充血、变性、坏死和炎性细胞浸润等病理变化。本试验为探讨泡囊短波单胞菌对鱼的致病机制提供科学资料。     

乙型脑炎病毒感染小鼠主要器官的组织病理学观察及其定位分布

为研究乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)感染小鼠后主要组织器官的损伤性变化及其在各主要器官的定位分布,本试验建立JEV感染小鼠动物模型,对感染后小鼠各组织器官进行动态病理组织学观察,并运用RNAScope染色技术了解JEV在各主要器官的定位分布。病理学观察结果显示,感染后4 d部分神经元发生肿胀变性,感染后5～10 d观察到大脑灰质神经元变性坏死,明显的血管炎性反应形成的袖套现象及胶质细胞增生,感染后10～17 d脑组织的病理学变化渐不明显。脾脏在感染后3 d,红髓淤血,脾小体周围巨噬细胞明显增多,8 d后脾小体周围的淋巴小结增生明显,可见许多新生的淋巴细胞。心肌淤血、变性并出现明显的间质性心肌炎及后期偶见心内膜下少量心肌细胞脂肪变性。肝淤血及肝细胞严重肿胀变性。肺泡壁增厚,肺泡壁上皮细胞变性肿胀及后期肺组织结构基本正常。肾小球毛细血管扩张。胃黏膜部分脱落,胃黏膜临近角质化区可以观察到小的坏死灶。十二指肠黏膜下层充血、肌层水肿、伴有少量炎性细胞浸润。空肠未见明显变化。RNAScope染色结果显示,小鼠感染后2 d,JEV核酸在脾、肾、肝、肺、胃、胰中可以检测到,在脑中检测量较少,心、空肠和十二指肠未有病毒核酸信号;因此,JEV在感染初期可能主要在小鼠外周组织分布并对外周组织具有一定的病理性损伤作用,进入中枢神经系统后主要分布于脑并对脑实质产生一定的破坏性。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.