共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 80 毫秒
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通过系统研究发现:青藏高原牦牛、本地黄牛及犏牛内源性嘌呤衍生物每日每千克代谢体重(BW~(0.75))总排出量分别为134、163、138 μmol;尿嘌呤衍生物排出量(PD,mmol/d)与可消化有机物食入量(DOMI,kg/d)线性相关[牦牛:PD=16.02 DOMI + 1.27 (R~2 = 0.75,P<0.001);本地黄牛:PD= 14.42 DOMI + 3.03 (R~2=0.89,P<0.001);犏牛:PD = 20.01 DOMI-0.71 (R~2=0.94,P<0.001)];牦牛皱胃连续注射酵母RNA测得牦牛吸收嘌呤在尿中的回收率为85%,则牦牛小肠吸收嘌呤(X, mmol/d)与尿嘌呤衍生物排出量(Y,mmol/d)的关系为: 相似文献
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瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成量估测标记物的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
确定瘤胃微生物细胞净合成量对研究反刍动物营养需要至关重要。目前所采用的估测微生物蛋白合成量的方法主要是借助外科造瘘手术,利用瘤胃微生物自身固有的物质或通过外源性同位素标记物标记来估测微生物蛋白合成量。近年来,以尿嘌呤衍生物作为标记物估测流入十二指肠的瘤胃微生物蛋白产量的非损害方法也得到较快发展。笔者认为内外源标记结合的方法最合适。 相似文献
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瘤胃微生物蛋白质产量的调控 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
反刍家畜瘤胃内栖居着大量微生物 ,其厌氧发酵合成的微生物蛋白可以为动物提供蛋白质需要量的 40 %~ 60 % (Church,1988)。小肠可利用的蛋白主要来自于微生物蛋白 (Orskov and Fraser,19 73) ,因此了解影响瘤胃微生物产量的调控因素对于研究反刍动物的营养调控技术有重要的意义。1 营养调控能量、蛋白质、进食水平、青贮饲料等都是影响瘤胃微生物蛋白质产量的营养因素 (韩兴泰 ,1993;袁森泉 ,1998;陈友慷 ,1991)。目前的研究主要集中于肽、氨基酸、维生素、微量元素、矿物质等方面。1.1 维生素反刍动物自身可以合成 B族维生素 ,能够满… 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮不同采食水平下肉羊氮沉积和尿中嘌呤衍生物(PD)的排出规律.试验选用12只平均体重为(41.3±2.8)kg的杜寒杂交绵羊公羔,随机平均分为3组,按照自由采食、自由采食量的70%和自由采食量的40%3个干物质采食水平饲喂,试验期为12d,其中预试期7d,正试期5d.结果表明:随着饲粮采食水平的降低,营养物质消化率均显著上升(P<0.05),粪氮和尿氮排出量均显著降低(P<0.05),沉积氮与摄入氮之间存在线性相关(R2=0.92).尿中PD排出量和微生物氮(MN)产量均随采食水平的降低而显著降低(P<0.05),嘌呤氮指数(PNI)与氮沉积率和氮吸收率均表现出相同变化趋势.由此可见,PD排出量与可消化有机物采食量(DOMI)以及MN产量之间均存在线性相关,相关方程分别为y=21.41X-1.81(R2=0.94)和Y=0.91X+2.57(R2=0.94);PNI能够将氮平衡和PD排出量有机结合起来,用于评价饲粮氮的利用效率. 相似文献
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不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究哈萨克羊育肥羊在以低质粗饲料条件下,增加饲粮瘤胃降解蛋白质(RDP)水平对瘤胃微生物氮(MN)合成量和氮沉积量的影响。选取体重为(30.0±2.8)kg的哈萨克羊育肥羊公羔3只作为试验动物,分别饲喂RDP水平为7.94%(TMR1)、9.02%(TMR2)、10.10%(TM R3)的3种饲粮。按照3×3拉丁方试验设计进行试验,共3期,每期预试期10 d,正试期5 d。全部收集粪尿,测定尿中嘌呤衍生物(PD)排出量、瘤胃MN合成量和转化效率。结果表明:3种饲粮的干物质及有机物的采食量及表观消化率均无显著性差异(P0.05),但TM R3的氮沉积量、尿中PD排出量及瘤胃M N的合成量均显著高于TM R1和TM R2(P0.05)。饲粮RDP水平与MN合成量/瘤胃表观可消化有机物(RADOM)采食量之间存在显著的正相关(R2=0.999 4,P=0.010 9)。M CP的转化效率不受饲粮RDP水平影响(P0.05)。结果提示,低质粗饲料条件下,将饲粮RDP水平由7.94%提高至10.10%,能够提高哈萨克育肥羊氮沉积量,促进瘤胃MCP的合成,但未能显著提高MCP的转化效率。 相似文献
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Q. Liu C. Wang Y. X. Huang K. H. Dong W. Z. Yang S. L. Zhang H. Wang 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2009,93(6):716-725
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of isovalerate supplementation on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and feed digestibility in the total tract of steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. The treatments were: control (without isovalerate), low isovalerate (LIV), medium isovalerate (MIV) and high isovalerate (HIV) dosage of isovalerate at 100, 200 and 300 mg isovalerate per kg dry matter (DM) intake respectively. Diets consisted of corn stover and concentrate (60/40, DM basis). Dry matter intake was approximately 9 kg per day that was 90% of ad libitum intake including 5.4 kg corn stover and 3.6 kg concentrate. Ruminal pH (6.72–6.54) was linearly (p < 0.03) reduced, whereas total volatile fatty acid concentration (64.6–74.7 mmol/l) was linearly (p < 0.01) and quadratically (p < 0.01) increased with increasing isovalerate supplementation. Ratio of acetate to propionate increased linearly (p < 0.01) from 2.78 to 3.39 as isovalerate supplementation increased because of the increase in acetate production and decrease in propionate production. In situ ruminal degradation of amylase‐treated neutral detergent fibre (aNDF) of corn stover was improved, but crude protein (CP) degradability of soybean meal decreased with increasing isovalerate supplementation. Urinary excretion of purine derivatives was quadratically (p < 0.01) changed by altering isovalerate supplementation (50.5, 54.3, 58.9 and 55.2 mmol/day for control, LIV, MIV and HIV, respectively). Similarly, digestibilities of organic matter, aNDF and CP in the total tract were linearly and quadratically increased with increasing isovalerate supplementation. The results of this study indicate that supplementation of diet with isovalerate improved ruminal fermentation and feed digestion in beef cattle. It was suggested that the isovalerate stimulated the digestive micro‐organisms or enzymes in a dose‐dependent manner. 相似文献
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本试验旨在探讨牦牛尿中嘌呤衍生物(PD)排出量对饲粮氮水平的响应规律,并基于此估测了瘤胃微生物氮(MN)产量,以期为高寒牧区牦牛的科学饲养提供参考。选取4头体重[(192±12)kg]相近、年龄(3岁)相同的去势公牦牛,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计将牦牛分为4组,各组饲粮氮水平分别是1.03%、1.95%、2.85%和3.76%,每组1头;试验分为4期,每期21 d,包含15 d的预试期和6 d的正试期。结果表明,牦牛尿中PD主要由尿囊素和尿酸组成,尿囊素/PD和尿酸/PD分别为0.69~0.76、0.23~0.30,黄嘌呤与次黄嘌呤的含量极少。当饲粮氮水平升高时,尿中PD、尿囊素、尿酸以及马尿酸排出量均线性增加(P0.05),而尿酸/PD和嘌呤氮指数(PNI)均线性降低(P0.05)。瘤胃细菌嘌呤碱基(RNA当量)含量、瘤胃细菌氮含量以及瘤胃MN产量都随着饲粮氮水平升高而线性增加(P0.05),但饲粮氮用于合成MN的效率[即瘤胃MN/食入氮(NI)]却线性降低(P0.05)。基于尿中PD排出量(mmol/d)和瘤胃MN产量(g/d)与NI(g/d)之间良好的线性关系,构建了如下数学模型:PD=0.58NI+18.28,MN=0.18NI+22.18。综合得出,当牦牛饲粮氮水平为2.85%时,牦牛瘤胃M N产量最大,为42.60 g/d,而PNI以及饲粮氮用于合成M N的效率却在低氮(1.03%)条件下达到最高,这一结果揭示了牦牛对低氮饲粮中氮素营养高效利用的特点,解释了牦牛对青藏高原饲料营养匮乏的适应性的营养机理。 相似文献
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Jianwei Zhou Wenji Wang Xiaoping Jing Allan Degen Yamin Guo Jingpeng Kang Zhanhuan Shang Zhongxiang Yu Qiang Qiu Xusheng Guo Luming Ding Guo Yang Ruijun Long 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(4):977-987
Tibetan sheep are indigenous to the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, graze the grassland all year round without supplementation and are well‐adapted to the harsh conditions. Small‐tailed Han sheep were introduced to the plateau and are raised mainly in feedlots. Based on their different backgrounds, we hypothesized that the ability to cope with poor diets would be better in Tibetan than in Han sheep. To test our prediction, we examined the effect of dietary energy on apparent digestibilities, rumen fermentation, urinary purine derivatives and serum metabolites by using a 4 × 4 Latin square design in each sheep breed. Four diets were formulated to be low in crude protein (~7%) but to differ in metabolizable energy concentration. Average daily gain was greater in Tibetan than in Han sheep (p < 0.01) and increased linearly with an increase in energy intake (p < 0.001). The digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy, and neutral and acid detergent fibres were greater in Tibetan than in Han sheep (p < 0.05). Ruminal pH was lower (p < 0.05), while volatile fatty acids (VFAs), urea‐N, ammonia‐N and soluble protein‐N concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in Tibetan than in Han sheep. As a molar proportion of total VFA, acetate decreased (p < 0.001) with an increase in dietary energy whereas propionate and butyrate increased (p < 0.05). Urinary purine derivative excretion was greater in Tibetan than in Han sheep (p < 0.01), as was microbial nitrogen production; both parameters increased with dietary energy (p < 0.01). Serum concentrations of glucose, insulin and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 increased (p < 0.05) as energy level increased, while non‐esterified fatty acids and growth hormone decreased (p < 0.05). It was concluded that Tibetan sheep were better able to cope with low‐protein, low‐energy diets and, consequently, our prediction was supported. 相似文献