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1.
青贮饲用玉米的种植与利用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
1饲用玉米的品种与轮作模式1.1饲用玉米品种选择青贮饲用玉米是在玉米的蜡熟期,将玉米的地上部分收割、揉碎并贮藏于青贮窖或青贮塔中,或地面堆贮,可以长时间用作奶牛、肉牛和肉羊的饲料。因此,在生产上选择的青贮饲用玉米品种与生产籽实的玉米品种是不一样的。选择青贮饲用玉米品种,要求植株高大、杂交、茎叶穗产量高、抗倒伏、营养价值高、易于消化利用等特性。1.2轮作模式1.2.1饲用玉米-黑麦草轮作4月底5月初多花黑麦草进入孕穗、初穗期,其最后一次刈割利用在5月上旬左右结束,然后种植饲用玉米。饲用玉米生长120d左右,9月20日左右收获,玉…  相似文献   

2.
多花黑麦草的品种比较与生产性能   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
饲用玉米-黑麦草种植模式是南方草地农业系统的组成部分.在此系统中采用优良的多花黑麦草品种,适宜的种植密度或播种量,适时的刈割时间和科学的载培技术,能获得8419.5~12372kg/hm2的饲料干物质产量.通过不同时期多花黑麦草营养成分动态变化情况,为适时刈割利用提供了依据.同时还对饲用玉米与黑麦草的时空配置、营养价值和生产成本进行了分析和评价.  相似文献   

3.
饲用墨西哥玉米适应性及其营养成分含量   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
随着养殖业畜群结构的调整,农区草食动物饲养量的增加,种植优质、高效牧草是当前人们所迫切需要的。本试验就饲用墨西哥玉米的生长特性及其营养成分含量进行研究。饲用墨西哥玉米适宜于在冀东农区种植,该作物具有较强的分蘖性能,适于多次的刈割,每茬次刈割株鲜草重在400~700 g之间,随着刈割茬次的增加,草产量大幅度增加,可采食的优质草量增多,纤维化程度大大下降,可消化养分量增加,种草的效益随刈割茬次显著的上升。墨西哥玉米牧草干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、钙、磷和胡萝卜素的含量都好于其他禾本科牧草。刈割茬次间各种营养成分差异不大,非常适合青饲,经饲喂各种草食动物,适口性好,采食率高。  相似文献   

4.
饲用墨西哥玉米生长特性及其营养成分含量的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
随着养殖业畜群结构的调整,农区草食动物饲养量的增加,种植优质、高效牧草是当前人们所迫切需要的.试验就饲用墨西哥玉米Euchlaena mexicana的生长特性及其营养成分含量进行研究,结果表明:饲用墨西哥玉米适宜在冀东农区种植,该作物具有较强的分蘖性能,适于多次刈割,每茬次刈割鲜草质量400~700 g/株,随着刈割茬次的增加,草产量大幅度增加,可采食的优质草量增多,纤维化程度大大下降,可消化养分量增加,种草的效益随刈割茬次显著的上升.墨西哥玉米干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、钙、磷和胡萝卜素的含量都优于其他禾本科牧草.刈割茬次间各种营养成分差异不大,非常适合青饲,经饲喂的各种草食动物,适口性好,采食率高.  相似文献   

5.
《四川草原》2022,(1):48-54
本试验采用田间裂区试验结合室内分析方法,研究了不同刈割强度和施氮水平对中原单32号饲用玉米生物量构成005),而叶的累积生物量在轻度刈割条件(20%升趋势,根和鞘的可溶性糖含量先增加后减少。刈割处理下施氮8g能够在一定程度上弥补玉米地上部分营养物质的损失。二因001),施氮仅对地上累积生物量影响不显著(P>001)。不论何种处理,均对玉米根冠比有极显著影响(P <001)。综上所述,刈割对饲用玉米生物量构成和可溶性糖的分配有显著影响,并最终影响玉米产量形成;刈割后高水平施氮有助于玉米进行补偿性生长。  相似文献   

6.
用猪体外两步酶解法测定了不同物候期刈割的多花黑麦草的干物质和能量消化率,并采用全收粪法对上述结果作了验证;最后用18头生长肥育猪作了不同比例黑麦草粉代替麦麸的饲养试验。结果表明:随黑麦草生长期延长,纤维含量上升,蛋白含量和干物质、能量消化率下降,适宜的刈割期应在抽穗至盛花期之间。草粉的消化能随生长期延长而下降。营养拔节期、抽穗期和盛花期分别为1.6,1.3和1.2兆卡/公斤。据此建议,黑麦草粉在生长肥育猪饲粮中的用量以前期10%,后期15%为宜。  相似文献   

7.
通过对酒单4号、中原单32、豫玉22饲用玉米进行引种试验及营养价值测定,结果表明,酒单4号和中原单32秸秆产和及营养价值均优于豫玉22。酒单4号两次刈割后鲜秸秆产量和粗蛋白含量均比其刈割一次差异达极显著水平(P0.01)。酒单4号以青刈利用为宜,中原单32、豫玉22以青贮利用为最好。  相似文献   

8.
研究发现甘肃省渭源县二阴山区广泛种植的饲用玉米品种"三盛308"有适应性强耐刈割特点,第1、2、3茬的平均分蘖数为11.88支/株、9.64支/株、8.97支/株,单株鲜草平均质量为309.32g/株、242.71g/株、214.93g/株。粗蛋白、粗纤维和干物质、磷、钙元素随刈割次数增加而下降,粗灰分和粗脂肪不收刈割影响,鲜草胡萝卜素含量随刈割次数增加呈现先上升后下降趋势。  相似文献   

9.
研究发现甘肃省渭源县二阴山区广泛种植的饲用玉米品种"三盛308"适应性强、耐刈割,第1、2、3茬的平均分蘖数为11.88支/株、9.64支/株、8.97支/株,单株鲜草平均质量为309.32 g/株、242.71 g/株、214.93 g/株。粗蛋白、粗纤维、干物质、磷、钙元素随刈割次数增加而下降,粗灰分和粗脂肪不受刈割影响,鲜草胡萝卜素含量随刈割次数增加呈现先上升后下降趋势。  相似文献   

10.
为探讨甘薯饲用高产栽培利用技术,进行了不同种植密度、刈割茬次对秧蔓和块根产量影响试验。结果表明:密植饲用甘薯比对照组干物质产量提高125.7%,刈割3、4茬,分别比对照组提高39.2%和43.0%(P<0.01);若蔓块兼顾,以刈割4茬最佳。  相似文献   

11.
本试验在四种畜禽微量元素饲料添加剂生产过程中,添加经处理后的同质的磷酸氢钙,其添加量分别为0.5%、0.5%、2.5%、5.0%,添加后,各添加剂含磷分别约为:800、800、4000、8000ppm,与添加剂中铜、铁、锌含量处于相近或相差较大的两种水平。本方法是应用721型分光光度计,采用“磷-钒-钼酸铵”比色法测定磷,根据含磷量的变异系数来确定添加剂的均匀度,其方法简介如下:用正确的采样方法,对每个品种采集试样十个,每样50克,并在实验室中按规定方法进行样品制备。然后精称各制备后试样0.5克左右,放于100ml烧杆中,用1:1HCl20ml和浓HNO_30.5ml、煮沸3~5分钟,经反复过滤,收集所有滤液于100ml容量瓶中,冷却至室温,再定容,摇匀,即成试样分解液。精取分解液2~40ml于50ml容量瓶中,加入10ml钒钼酸铵显色剂,定容后摇匀,静放10分钟以上,在420nm波长下,用10mm比色池,用721型分光光度计进行测定光密度,并对照标准曲线,计算含磷量和添加剂均匀度的变异系数。另应用原子吸收光度计,测出添加剂的铜、铁、锌含量,并计算它们的变异系数(均匀度)。本实验方法的结果表明:无论含磷量与?  相似文献   

12.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

13.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

16.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

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Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

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