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为了检验鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、禽流感(H9亚型)三联灭活疫苗对H9亚型禽流感病毒流行毒株的免疫保护效果,将鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、禽流感(H9亚型)三联灭活疫苗免疫接种21日龄SPF鸡,免疫接种后3周采血测定AI(H9)HI抗体,并用2004年-2012年分离的8株H9亚型禽流感病毒对免疫接种鸡进行攻毒试验.结果显示,试验鸡免疫接种三联灭活苗后21 d,其H9 HI抗体效价可达11.88 log2,可抵抗8个不同H9亚型禽流感流行毒株的攻击,总攻毒保护率达92.50%(37/40).鸡新城疫-传染性支气管炎-禽流感(H9亚型)三联灭活疫苗中H9亚型禽流感毒株具有良好的免疫原性,能抵抗不同年代不同地区分离的H9亚型禽流感流行毒株的攻击. 相似文献
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禽流感(AI)是由A型禽流感病毒中有致病性的任何一种血清亚型毒株引起的一种人、禽共患的急性传染病。尤其以高致病性禽流感危害最大,被世界动物卫生组织和我国列为A类和一类烈性传染病。 相似文献
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禽流感(avian influenza,AI)是由A型流感病毒(Avian influenza virus,AIV)引起的一种禽类高度接触性传染病。禽流感的高致病力毒株对鸡有致病性,旧称“真性鸡瘟”,现名高致病性禽流感(HPAI),是OIE规定的通报疫病。禽流感病毒毒力有很大差异,高致病力毒株主要有H5N1和H7N7亚型的某些毒株。禽流感病毒能感染人,某些毒株甚至可不经混合重配再传染的过程而直接感染人。 相似文献
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禽流感(H5、H9亚型)二价油乳剂灭活疫苗试验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
禽流感(AI)是由A型流感病毒引起的一种禽急性、接触性、烈性传染病。病毒广泛存在于野生禽、鸟类和人工饲养的禽类中,国际兽医局(OIE)将其列为动物的A类传染病。1878年,该病首次在意大利暴发流行,当时称之为“鸡瘟”。禽流感引起的损失主要有:高致病力毒株致鸡大量死亡,非高致病力毒株引起产蛋量下降,免疫功能障碍而继发细菌或病毒的感染。1994年,我国广东首次报道了H9N2亚型禽流感的分离,自此之后中国大陆的禽流感日益受到世人的关注。 相似文献
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禽的流行性感冒简称禽流感(avian influenza,AI),是由A型流感病毒引起的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病,主要发生在鸡、鸭、鹅等身上,又称为鸡瘟、真性鸡瘟、欧洲鸡瘟。根据流感病毒的致病力强弱,可将禽流感病毒分为高致病性、低致病性和无致病性毒株3种,其中高致病性毒株主要是H5和N7亚型毒株引起,能造成高死亡率;低致病性毒株主要是H9N2和H9N3引起,能导致产蛋率大幅度下降;不致病性毒株感染后一般不表现症状。高致病性禽流感已被世界动物卫生组织(OIE)和我国政府列为A类烈性传染病。本病于1887年在意大利的鸡群中首次爆发,当时被… 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1 材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5~ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2 结果和讨论2 .1 睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果 见表 1。表 1 獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标 μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管… 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Fractures of the anconeal process of 5 pigs ranging in age from 4 to 8 months were studied radiographically and histologically. Clinically, animals with a fracture of the anconeal process had a "tight," restricted gait. In pigs at 4.5 months of age, a radiolucent line through the base of the anconeal process was composed of fibrocartilage, fibrous connective tissue, and hyaline cartilage. Subperiosteal proliferation of woven bone was located along the cranial surface of the olecranon, adjacent to the base of the anconeal process. In older animals, the radiolucent line through the anconeal process contained variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue and fibrocartilage. The proliferation of subperiosteal bone at the base of the anconeal process formed a "buttress callus" which retained a radiolucent area between the callus and the proximal surface of the anconeal process. The latter region of radiolucency was continuous with the transversely oriented line that traversed the base of the anconeal process. 相似文献