2个山羊品种多胎性状的微卫星标记研究

根据比较基因组学原理,选择与绵羊高繁殖力紧密关联的4个微卫星标记OarAE101、OarHH55、BM1329、BMS2508,分析其在波尔山羊和西农莎能奶山羊中的多态性分布情况。结果表明,4个微卫星标记在波尔山羊中的多态信息含量（PIC）分别为0.834 0、0.722 2、0.802 1、0.685 5,有效等位基因数（Ne）分别为6.719、4.098、5.610、3.542;在莎能奶山羊中的PIC分别为0.765 5、0.738 7、0.670 1、0.682 0,Ne分别为4.849、4.360、3.520、3.609。4个微卫星基因座对波尔山羊和莎能奶山羊的产羔数效应分析表明,在波尔山羊群体中,OarAE101基因座126 bp等位基因对产羔数具有正效应,而134 bp则呈负效应;OarHH55基因座120和124 bp等位基因对产羔数具有正效应,而130 bp/140 bp基因型则呈负效应;BM1329基因座185 bp等位基因对产羔数具有正效应,而176 bp等位基因和215 bp/240 bp基因型均呈负效应;BMS2508基因座118 bp等位基因对产羔数具有正效应,而122 bp/141 bp基因型和148 bp等位基因均呈负效应。在西农莎能奶山羊群体中,OarAE101基因座108 bp等位基因和114 bp/126 bp基因型对产羔数均呈正效应,而124 bp等位基因则呈负效应;OarHH55基因座120 bp等位基因对产羔数呈正效应,而150 bp/165 bp基因型呈负效应;BM1329基因座185 bp等位基因对产羔数呈正效应,而176 bp等位基因和215 bp/240 bp基因型则均呈负效应;BMS2508基因座118 bp等位基因对产羔数呈正效应,而141 bp等位基因和153 bp/160 bp基因型均呈负效应。     

微卫星标记OarAE101和BM143在4个山羊品种中的研究

选择与Booroola羊高繁殖力主效基因Fec^B紧密连锁的2个微卫星标记OarAE101和BM143，分析其在湘东黑山羊、南江黄羊、贵州黑山羊、波尔山羊中的多态分布情况。结果表明微卫星标记OarAE101在4个山羊品种中的等位基因数分别为10、8、6和8，BM143在4个山羊品种中的等位基因数分别为10、8、6和8，OarAE101／BM143在湘东黑山羊、南江黄羊、贵州黑山羊、波尔山羊中的多态信息含量值分别为0．8742／0．8052，0．7969／0．8093，0．7564／0．7462和0．7964／0．7340。湘东黑山羊OarAE101基因型为107bp／111bp基因型所对应的产羔数最小二乘均值最高（4．0头／胎），纯合基因型109bp／109bp、107bp／107bp、119bp／119bp、111bp／111bp和125bp／125bp所对应的产羔数最小二乘平均值较高，分别为2．67、2．5、2．4、2．33和2．25只／胎，故等位基因107、109、111、119和125bp对湘东黑山羊产羔数具有正效应。湘东黑山羊BM143基因型为100bp／106bp和106bp／112bp所对应的产羔数最小二乘平均值达3只／胎，BM143等位基因104、106和110bp与湘东黑山羊产羔数有显著正效应。     

湖羊产羔性状的微卫星标记与可能生产力的关联性分析

选择位于绵羊第6号染色体上与多胎基因（Fec^B）紧密连锁的微卫星OarAE101、BM1329、BM143和OarHH55标记以及位于第4号染色体上的OarHH35标记对湖羊的产羔性状进行研究,结果显示：湖羊的5个微卫星座位都达到了高度多态水平（PIC〉0．5）,5个微卫星座位可以用于湖羊产羔性状的遗传多样性的评估。方差分析结果表明：5个基因座中OarAE101、BM143各基因型产羔数生产力之间存在极显著差异（P〈0．01）,OarHH35各基因型产羔数可能生产力之间存在显著差异（0.01〈P〈0．05）,BM1329、OarHH55各基因型产羔数可能生产力之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。在OarAE101标记中107／113的产羔数最小二乘平均值为最大,与基因型103／113、107／107、101／111、113／113、107／111和103／103之间产羔数可能生产力最小二乘平均值差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但与101／101和103／107之间产羔数最小二乘平均值差异显著（O．01〈P〈0．05）,与115／115和111／111之间产羔数可能生产力最小二乘平均值差异极显著（P〈0．01）。在OarHH35标记中139／139的产羔数可能生产力最小二乘平均值为最大,与基因型139／141、139／127、137／125之间产羔数可能生产力最小二乘平均值差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但与127／127、125／125和139／125之间产羔数可能生产力最小二乘平均值差异极显著（P〈0．01）。在BM143标记中118／118的产羔数可能生产力最小二乘平均值为最大,与基因型118／106、118／110、106／104和112／114之间产羔数可能生产力最小二乘平均值差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但与118／116和102／106之间产羔数可能生产力最小二乘平均值差异显著（0.01〈P〈0．05）,与102／104、112／102和116／112之间产羔数可能生产力最小二乘平均值差异极显著（P〈0．01）。研究将在今后湖羊品种的标记辅助选择和分子育种中具有重要的应用价值。     

湖羊产羔性状的微卫星标记与其产羔数的关联性分析

选用位于绵羊第6号染色体上与多胎基因(FecB)紧密连锁的微卫星O arAE101、BM 1329、BM 143和O arH H 55以及位于第4号染色体上的O arH H 35标记对湖羊的产羔性状进行研究。结果发现湖羊的5个微卫星位点都达到了高度多态水平(PIC>0.5),这5个微卫星位点可以用于湖羊产羔性状的遗传多样性的评估。方差分析结果表明:5个位点中O arAE101、BM 143各基因型产羔数之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01),BM 1329、O arH H 35各基因型产羔数之间存在显著差异(P<0.05),O arH H 55、BM 1329各基因型产羔数之间差异不显著(P>0.05),本研究对今后湖羊品种的标记辅助选择和分子育种具有重要的应用价值。     

9个微卫星基因座在太行黑山羊中的遗传多样性研究

通过9个微卫星标记研究太行黑山羊的遗传多样性,为地方山羊品种的选种、选育及保种工作奠定基础。本研究选取位于绵羊第6号染色体上与高繁殖力主效基因FecX和FecB紧密连锁的7个微卫星基因座(TGLA68、OarAE101、BM1329、LSCV043、BM143、OarHH55、GC101)和第4号染色体上的微卫星基因座OarHH35及第8号染色体上的微卫星基因座BM1227,对其进行遗传多样性研究。结果表明:在太行黑山羊中的9个微卫星座位共检测到69个等位基因,平均为7.67个;9个微卫星基因座的平均多态信息含量为0.781,每个微卫星基因座的PIC>0.5,9个微卫星基因座的平均有效等位基因数、平均杂合度分别为5.24、0.81。由此表明,9个微卫星标记均具有高度多态性,可用于太行黑山羊的遗传多样性的分析。     

辽宁绒山羊7个微卫星位点的遗传多样性分析

试验分析了7个微卫星基因座位OarAE101、OarJMP8、BM143、BM6506、BM1824、BM6438I、LSTS004在辽宁绒山羊4个家系中的遗传多态性。结果表明,7个微卫星标记中仅有4个微卫星位点(OarAE101、OarJMP8、BM143、BM6506)表现出了多态性。OarAE101位点多态信息含量最高,为0.727;BM143位点多态信息含量最低,为0.526。在所标记群体中平均有效等位基因数为3.249个;平均多态信息含量为0.635;遗传杂合度均值为0.638。说明辽宁绒山羊品种内的遗传变异处于一个较高的水平,遗传多样性丰富,选择潜力很大。     

辽宁绒山羊七个微卫星位点遗传多样性分析

分析了7个微卫星基因座位OarAE101、OarJMP8、BM143、BM6506、BM1824、BM6438、ILSTS004在辽宁绒山羊4个家系中的遗传多态性.结果表明:7个微卫星标记中仅有4个微卫星位点(OarAE101、OarJMP8、BM143、BM6506)表现出了多态性.OarAE101位点多态信息含量最高,pic为0.727,BM143位点多态信息含量最低,PIC为0.526.在所标记群体中平均有效等位基因数为3.249个±1.318个;平均多态信息含量为0.635±0.087;遗传杂合度均值为0.638±0.182.说明辽宁绒山羊品种内的遗传变异处于一个较高的水平,遗传多样性丰富,选择潜力很大.     

微卫星标记BM1329在2个山羊品种中的初步研究

依据微卫星标记在相近物种中具有高度保守性这一特点,选择与绵羊高繁殖力主效基因FecB紧密连锁的一个微卫星标记BM1329,分析其在云南黑山羊和努比山羊中的多态性以及与山羊产羔数的关系。结果表明:微卫星标记BM1329在2个山羊品种中均存在AA、AB和BB型3种基因型。统计检验表明,品种与基因型显著相关,云南黑山羊以AA型为主,努比羊以AB型为主。虽然本研究表明微卫星标记BM1329不同基因型最小二乘山羊产羔均数差异不显著,但云南黑山羊与努比羊的产羔数差异极显著,即存在AB型山羊产羔数大于AA型山羊产羔数的趋势,所以微卫星标记BM1329仍可作为探讨山羊高繁殖性能的一个候选标记进行深入研究。     

Booroola羊FecB基因的遗传标记研究进展

从美利奴绵羊中衍生出来的Booroola羊携带增加排卵数和产羔数的一个常染色体突变基因(FecB).基因效应对排卵数是加性的,对产羔数是部分显性的.该位点已被定位到绵羊6号染色体上微卫星标记OarAE101和BM1329之间一个10cM区间内.正在开展限定紧密的侧翼标记的研究工作.     

Booroola羊Fec^B基因的遗传标记研究进展

从美利奴绵羊中衍生出来的Booroola羊携带增加排卵数和产羔数的一个常染色体突变基因（Fec^B）。基因效应对排卵数量是加性的，对产羔数是部分显性的。该位点已被定位到棉羊6号染色体上微卫星标记OarAE101和BM1329之间一个10cM区间内。正在开展限定紧密的侧翼标记的研究工作。     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Prevalence and Intensity of Helminth and Coccidial Infections in Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.     

Hypothalamic dopamine is required for salsolinol‐induced prolactin secretion in goats

The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and salsolinol (SAL) for the secretion of prolactin (PRL) in goats. SAL or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) was intravenously injected into female goats treated with or without the D₂ DA receptor antagonist haloperidol (Hal), which crosses the blood‐brain barrier, and the PRL‐releasing response to SAL was compared with that to TRH. PRL‐releasing responses to SAL, Hal, and Hal plus SAL were also examined after a pretreatment to augment central DA using carbidopa (Carbi) and L‐dopa. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal alone was greater than that to SAL or TRH alone. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus SAL was similar to that of Hal alone. In contrast, the PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus TRH was greater than that to TRH or Hal alone. The treatment with Carbi plus L‐dopa inhibited SAL‐ and Hal‐induced PRL secretion. The inhibition of the PRL‐releasing response to SAL disappeared when SAL was injected with Hal. These results indicate that the mechanisms underlying the SAL‐induced PRL response differ from those of TRH, and suggest that hypothalamic DA and its synthesis is associated in part with SAL‐induced PRL secretion in goats.     

Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory diseases of cattle

The authors describe the procedure of laboratory diagnosis for bovine respiratory diseases: direct diagnosis by isolation and for identification of bacteria or viruses and indirect diagnosis by serological methods. They specify the restraints and limits of this diagnosis and the significance results which are obtained and connected with knowledge of anamnestic information.     

The effect of peri-parturient anthelmintic treatment on the productivity of dairy cattle in subtropical western India

Trials with fenbendazole (Panacur, Hoechst India Ltd) were carried out on two commercial farms in subtropical western India to study the response and economics of nematode treatment in adult dairy cows. Milk yield, lactation length, time to first oestrus and worm egg output were monitored in treated and control groups. Treatment reduced the egg count considerably. Treated cows produced 142 litres more milk over 100 days (p<0.05), with extension of lactation length and advancement of time to first oestrus. The economic gain in terms of milk yield far outweighed the cost of anthelmintic used.     

An Evaluation of the Acceptability as Forage of Some Nutritive and Antinutritive Components and of the Dry Matter Degradation Profiles of Five Species of Ficus

The suitability of five species of Ficus, F. mucoso, F. thonningii, F. polita, F. religiosa and F. benjamina, for feeding ruminant livestock was studied. The nutritive and antinutritive components were determined and the acceptability of the forages to livestock was assessed using a cafeteria method in 8 adult small ruminants. Also, the degradation potential of the dry matter of the five Ficus species was investigated using 3 fistulated sheep. The crude protein (CP) content of the Ficus species varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 130 to 180 g/kg DM. The content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) also varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 650 to 710 g/kg DM. The organic matter (OM) contents did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), having a mean value of 916 g/kg DM. The concentrations of tannin, saponin, phytic acid and oxalic acid were low. The acceptability of the forage was similar for four of the species but poor for F. polita. The extent of DM degradation varied significant among the Ficus species, the ranking order being F. benjamina > F. thonningii > F. mucoso > F. religiosa > F. polita.     

Nutrient and metal analyses of Chinese herbal products marketed for veterinary use

Many Chinese herbs and herbal mixtures are fed to domestic animals for their reputed medicinal properties. These herbs could contribute to the intake of essential nutrients and toxic metals, but their composition is mostly unknown. The purpose of this study was to measure major nutrient (crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, fibre) and mineral (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo, S, Al, Cd, Ni, Pb) concentrations in samples of fourteen combination formulas labelled for veterinary use and commonly administered to horses and dogs. Three single herbs, Bupleurum chinense, Curcuma zedoaria and Astragalus membranaceus, each obtained from several sources, and Yunnan Baiyao, a proprietary hemostatic mixture, were also analysed. Proximate analyses and some mineral concentrations differed (p < 0.05) among single herbs, and high concentrations of several minerals were detected in some herbal combinations. Those containing the highest concentrations [g/kg dry matter (DM)] of calcium (92.4), iron (2.6) and manganese (0.28) could provide >38%, 142% and 96%, respectively, of recommended allowances in adult dogs, and >13%, 122% and 2%, respectively, of maintenance requirements in horses, at the maximum labelled dose assuming complete availability. Concentrations of cadmium, nickel and lead were below published oral tolerance levels. Aluminium concentrations (median 380, maximum 920 mg/kg DM) were higher than has been previously reported in Chinese herbs. These nutrient analyses suggest that herbal combinations marketed to veterinarians, when fed at the maximal labelled dose, are unlikely to produce clinically relevant changes in the dietary intake of essential nutrients. However, small amounts of non‐essential contaminant minerals are present in some formulas, and further research is necessary to understand the significance of this finding.