动物性食品中氟喹诺酮类药物残留高效液相色谱检测方法的研究进展

近年来,动物源性食品氟喹诺酮类药物残留受到了广泛关注.开展更加快速、高效、高灵敏度、高准确度的检测动物源性食品中氟喹诺酮类残留的方法已成为对检测机构的新要求.本文对近几年发表文献中关于有关动物性食品中氟喹诺酮类药物的检测方法进行归纳总结,综述了高效液相色谱检测法在动物性食品中达氟沙星、沙拉沙星、恩诺沙星和沙拉沙星检测检测的研究进展,以期为监管部门、检测机构在监督、检测中提供一定参考.     

关于动物性食品质量安全问题的思考

随着养殖业的迅速发展,提供给人类的动物性食品的种类和数量不断增加。但动物性食品在生产和流通等诸多环节中有可能受到污染,使其安全性降低,引起人的食源性疾病、人畜共患病的发生与流行。尤其近年来发生"三聚氰胺"、"瘦肉精"以及"地沟油"等事件后,动物性食品安全问题越来越为广大消费者所关注。因此,     

农业部发布动物性食品中兽药残留检测方法

根据《兽药管理条例》的规定 ,农业部于 2 0 0 3年 1月 2 2日发布第 2 36号公告 ,发布 1 2种动物性食品中兽药残留检测方法 ,包括 :1、动物性食品中卡巴氧标示残留物检测方法———高效液相色谱法 ;2、动物性食品中硝基咪唑类药物残留检测方法———高效液相色谱法 ;3、动物性食品中磺胺二甲嘧啶残留检测方法———高效液相色谱法 ;4、动物性食品中拉沙洛西钠残留检测方法———高效液相色谱法 ;5、动物性食品中恩诺沙星和环丙沙星残留检测方法———高效液相色谱法 ;6、动物性食品中喹酸和氟甲喹残留检测方法(鸡 )———高效液相色谱法 ;…     

浅析动物性食品中性激素残留与检测

随着畜牧和养殖业的飞速发展,各种兽药、饲料添加剂的使用范围逐渐扩大,然而在取得经济效益的同时也使动物性食品中兽药和违禁药物残留对人体健康产生影响,其中激素残留对消费者健康的影响更值得关注。作者讨论了动物性食品中性激素残留的危害,探讨了利用现代分析技术检测动物性食品中性激素残留的方法,以期为生产中检测激素残留提供参考。     

动物性食品中苯唑西林残留检测方法--纸色谱筛选法

农业部于2003年1月22日发布第236号公告,发布12个动物性食品中兽药残留检测方法.方法之十:动物性食品中苯唑西林残留检测方法--纸色谱筛选法.     

浅谈动物性食品安全问题

随着社会经济的发展，人们的生活水平越来越高，对生活质量的要求也越来越高。但是近几年国内外发生的一些关于动物性食品安全的事件，从“瘦肉精”事件到“三聚氰胺”事件，逐渐引起人们的关注：什么样的动物性食品才能让我们放心食用？影响动物性食品安全的因素是什么？国家和政府采取了那些措施来保证食品的安全问题？本文将从这几个方面进行阐述。     

动物性食品安全现状及对策

正目前,动物性食品安全问题日益成为全社会关注的焦点。所谓动物性食品是指来源于猪、牛、羊、马、驴、骡、兔、禽等以及水产动物提供人类食用的肉、蛋、奶、鱼等,在食品中的比重随着人们生活水平的不断提高而日益增大,随着三聚氰胺、瘦肉精、红心鸭蛋等一系列问题食品的曝光以及各种动物疫情的出现,人们对动物性食品安全问题的关注度已经上升到了前所未有的高度,所存在的安全隐患已经严重的威胁到了人们的身体健康和生命安全。     

动物性食品中青霉素类抗生素残留检测方法--微生物法

农业部于2003年1月22日发布第236号公告,发布12个动物性食品中兽药残留检测方法。方法之九:动物性食品中青霉素类抗生素残留检测方法——微生物法。 动物性食品中青霉素类抗生素残留检测方法——微生物法 1 范围 本标准规定了动物性食品中青霉素类抗生素用标准曲线法进行定量,以青霉素酶法进行判定。 4.2 试剂和材料 以下所用试剂,除特别注明者     

动物检疫现状及改进措施

正近年来,动物性食品出现的食品安全问题增多。从最早的奶粉中三聚氰胺过量问题,到之后的红心鸭蛋问题,再到最近发生的"非洲猪瘟"事件,让消费者的心理对"动物性食品"的安全问题打上问号。因此,如何解决如今的动物性食品困境成为关键。要想解决此问题,应该从源头入手,所谓动物性食品的问题源头还是在于生产食品的动物的检疫问题。     

食品中三聚氰胺与三聚氰酸残留检测研究进展

对食品中测定三聚氰胺与三聚氰酸残留的前处理、分离与检测方法进行综述,比较了GC-MS、HPLC、LC-MS/MS、ELISA四种方法用于食品中三聚氰胺与三聚氰酸残留检测的优缺点,并对此类检测方法的发展趋势进行了展望。     

动物源性食品质量安全因素和控制

随着动物源性食品在人民膳食结构中所占比重的增大,动物源性食品质量安全成了很重要的公共卫生问题.本文对引起动物源性食品安全问题的因素及预防控制措施做了综述.     

动物性食品中硝基呋喃类药物残留检测研究进展

硝基呋喃类药物因其具有价格便宜、抗菌效果好等特点,曾被作为兽药广泛应用于畜牧业生产中。为了保证人类的食品安全,目前各国已禁止硝基呋喃类药物作为药物添加剂添加至动物饲料中。硝基呋喃类药物的检测常以其代谢物为标识物。论文综述了动物性食品中硝基呋喃类代谢物检测的样品前处理方法、仪器测定方法,并解析了呋喃西林阳性检出率高的原因及解决办法。     

三聚氰胺毒理学及检测方法的研究

三聚氰胺是一种重要的有机化工原料,由于其含氮量高达60%以上,近年来不法商人将其加入饲料和食品中。为了提高人们对三聚氰胺危害的认识,本文综述了三聚氰胺的理化性质、代谢、毒性;同时对饲料中三聚氰胺含量的检测方法进行了综述。     

三聚氰胺的毒性及其在畜产品中残留规律的研究进展

继2007年美国发生的宠物"毒粮"事件后,2008年的婴幼儿"毒奶粉"事件以及鸡蛋中三聚氰胺(melamine,MEL)含量超标事件相继爆发,MEL成为了饲料与食品安全问题中备受关注的焦点.近两年来国内外学者对MEL开展了大量的研究工作.本文综述了MEL的理化性质、毒性、代谢及其在畜产品中残留规律的最新研究进展,以期为...     

免疫胶体金法现场快速测定乳品中的三聚氰胺的应用研究

为了研究和验证免疫胶体金法快速检测乳制品中的三聚氰胺的效果,通过协同实验的方法,研究该方法的灵敏度、重复性、基质影响、特异性。利用随机于市场抽样乳品120件,分别用免疫胶体金法和国标法进行检测,验证该方法的假阴性、假阳性率。结果表明,用免疫胶体金法测定乳品中的三聚氰胺,检测限为0.5mg/kg,方法的稳定性较好,亚硝酸盐、三聚氰酸、L-脯氨酸对测定结果无干扰,但尿素对测定结果有干扰。免疫胶体金法测定乳品中三聚氰胺的假阴性为0%,假阳性率为0%。可见,免疫胶体金法快速检测乳品中三聚氰胺,方法简便、快速、准确、稳定,可作为乳品中三聚氰胺现场快速检测的一种有效手段。     

Assessment of melamine and cyanuric acid toxicity in cats.

The major pet food recall associated with acute renal failure in dogs and cats focused initially on melamine as the suspect toxicant. In the course of the investigation, cyanuric acid was identified in addition to melamine in the offending food. The purpose of this study was to characterize the toxicity potential of melamine, cyanuric acid, and a combination of melamine and cyanuric acid in cats. In this pilot study, melamine was added to the diet of 2 cats at 0.5% and 1%, respectively. Cyanuric acid was added to the diet of 1 cat at increasing doses of 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% over the course of 10 days. Melamine and cyanuric acid were administered together at 0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% to 1 cat per dose group. No effect on renal function was observed in cats fed with melamine or cyanuric acid alone. Cats dosed with a combination were euthanized at 48 hours after dosing because of acute renal failure. Urine and touch impressions of kidneys from all cats dosed with the combination revealed the presence of fan-shaped, birefringent crystals. Histopathologic findings were limited to the kidneys and included crystals primarily within tubules of the distal nephron, severe renal interstitial edema, and hemorrhage at the corticomedullary junction. The kidneys contained estimated melamine concentrations of 496 to 734 mg/kg wet weight and estimated cyanuric acid concentrations of 487 to 690 mg/kg wet weight. The results demonstrate that the combination of melamine and cyanuric acid is responsible for acute renal failure in cats.     

牛奶中三聚氰胺的检测方法与法规管理

本文阐述了三聚氰胺的理化性质、对人体的毒性作用,介绍了三聚氰胺的几种检测方法,分别为试剂盒检测法(ELISA)、离子交换色谱-紫外检测法、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、液相色谱-质谱/质谱法(LC-MS/MS)、气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS,GC-MS/MS),以及我国政府主管部门制定和颁布的多种生产管理规范和法规等。     

Residue depletion of melamine and cyanuric acid in catfish and rainbow trout following oral administration

Reimschuessel, R., Evans, E., Andersen, W. C., Turnipseed, S. B., Karbiwnyk, C. M., Mayer, T. D., Nochetto, C., Rummel, N. G., Gieseker, C. M. Residue depletion of melamine and cyanuric acid in catfish and rainbow trout following oral administration. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 33 , 172–182. The intentional addition of triazines such as melamine to animal feeds and the lack of information about residue accumulation in food animals caused global concerns for food safety during 2007 and 2008. We report the results of a good laboratory practices (GLP) study to determine melamine and cyanuric acid residues in catfish and trout filets harvested at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, and 42 days after a single oral dose of 20 mg/kg body weight of melamine, cyanuric acid, or melamine and cyanuric acid together. Peak melamine concentrations were 12.73 mg/kg (ppm) in catfish (mean = 9.98), 12.26 mg/kg in trout (mean = 7.89) on day 1. Within 7 days (catfish) or 14 days (trout) residues were <2.5 mg/kg, a level in foods accepted by many risk assessors worldwide to be unlikely to pose health risks to consumers. Peak cyanuric acid residues also occurred on day 1, 0.68 mg/kg in catfish (mean = 0.46), 2.59 mg/kg in trout (mean = 0.86). Cyanuric acid muscle residues were <2.5 mg/kg by day 3. The half‐lives for melamine and cyanuric acid ranged between 1 and 4 days. Renal crystals formed in fish given both melamine and cyanuric acid, persisting for weeks after the single dose.     

Depletion of melamine and cyanuric acid in kidney of catfish Ictalurus punctatus and trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

A risk assessment conducted in 2007 identified significant knowledge gaps about tissue residues of melamine and related triazine analogs such as cyanuric acid in animals that had eaten contaminated food. The USFDA subsequently designed studies to determine residue levels in muscle, serum, and kidneys of catfish and trout given a single gavage dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) of melamine, cyanuric acid, or 20 mg/kg BW of both compounds simultaneously. Renal triazines were determined by LC‐MS/MS at postdose days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 (and day 42 for trout). When dosed individually, melamine and cyanuric acid kidney residues depleted much faster than those in fish given both compounds together. Combined dose residue depletion was punctuated by extreme outliers due to the formation of persistent renal melamine cyanurate crystals.     

Clinicopathologic, histologic, and toxicologic findings in 70 cats inadvertently exposed to pet food contaminated with melamine and cyanuric acid

OBJECTIVE: To document clinicopathologic, histologic, and toxicologic findings in cats inadvertently exposed to pet food contaminated with melamine and cyanuric acid. DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: 70 cats from a single cattery inadvertently fed contaminated food that was the subject of a March 2007 recall. PROCEDURES: Clinical signs, clinicopathologic and histopathologic findings, and results of toxicologic analyses were recorded. RESULTS: Clinical signs were identified in 43 cats and included inappetence, vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia, and lethargy. Azotemia was documented in 38 of the 68 cats for which serum biochemical analyses were performed 7 to 11 days after consumption of the contaminated food. One cat died, and 13 were euthanized. Histologic examination of kidney specimens from 13 cats revealed intratubular crystalluria, tubular necrosis with regeneration, and subcapsular perivascular inflammation characterized by perivascular fibroplasia or fibrosis and inflammation with intravascular fibrin thrombi. Toxicologic analyses revealed melamine and cyanuric acid in samples of cat food, vomitus, urine, and kidneys. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In cats unintentionally fed pet food contaminated with melamine and cyanuric acid, the most consistent clinical and pathologic abnormalities were associated with the urinary tract, specifically tubular necrosis and crystalluria.