沙拉沙星对鸡细菌病的药效学研究

用两倍试管稀释法测得沙拉沙星对鸡白痢沙门氏菌Ｃ79.13、鸡大肠杆菌Ｏ78、鸡多杀巴氏 杆菌Ｃ４８－１的最小抑菌浓度分别为０．０７８、０．０３９、０．３１２ug/ml,明显 优于对照药物诺氟消水利生及氯霉素。沙拉沙星按高剂量（１００mg．Ｌ＾－１水）、中剂量（５０mg．Ｌ＾－１）水、低剂量（２５mg．Ｌ＾－１水）混饮,连用３天,对人工感染鸡的３种常见细菌病均可取得明显的疗效,３个剂量组对鸡白痢的治愈率分别为１００＾％     

乙基环丙沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及水肿病的药效学研究

本文报道以国内新近研制的畜禽专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药──乙基环丙沙星（Ｅｎｒｏｆ－ｌｏｘａｃｉｎ），进行对实验性感染猪链球菌病及水肿病的药效学研究（２３０头猪）。试管两倍稀释法测得乙基环丙沙星对兰氏Ｃ群类马链球菌（Ｃ＿（５５１２０））和猪大肠杆菌（Ｏ＿（５４））的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）分别是０．８及０．０５μｇ／ｍｌ。肌注给药对猪链球菌病和水肿病的实验性治疗结果表明，乙基环丙沙星低、中、高剂量组（分别为１．２５、２．５、１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）用药６０（每天２次）对猪链球病的治愈率分别是５０％、９５％及９５％，而链球菌感染对照组的死亡率为７０％；乙基环丙沙星低、中、高剂量组（分别为１．２５、２．５、１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）用药３ｄ（每隔１２ｈ给药一次）对猪水肿病的治愈率分别是８５％、９０％及９０％；而大肠杆菌感染对照组的死亡率为９０％。     

恩诺沙星对鸡大肠杆菌病及葡萄球菌病的药效研究

就畜禽专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药恩诺沙星对鸡人工感染大肠杆菌病及葡萄球菌病的药效进行了研究。结果表明，恩诺沙星、氯霉素对大肠杆菌Ｏ７８的ＭＩＣ分别为０．０５、１．６０ｍｇ／Ｌ；恩诺沙星、红霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌Ｃ５６０５株的ＭＩＣ分别为０．２、３．２ｍｇ／Ｌ。人工发病试验中，恩诺沙星内服以５、１０、２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量或肌注以２．５、５、１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量，每天给药２次，连用３ｄ，对鸡大肠杆菌病及葡萄球菌病均有较好的疗效，其中对大肠杆菌病的疗效明显优于氯霉素     

二氟沙星对实验性感染猪支原体性肺炎及链球菌病的药效学研究

以试管两倍稀释法测得二氟沙星对猪肺炎支原体（ Ｆ１６ 株）和兰氏 Ｃ 群类马链球菌（ Ｃ５５ １ ２０ ）的最小抑菌浓度分别是０１６ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ及 １６ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ。肌注给药对猪支原体性肺炎及链球菌病的实验性治疗结果表明,低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组（２５、５、１０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）及蒽诺沙星组（２５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）用药 ５ 天（每隔 １２ 小时给药一次）对猪支原体性肺炎的治愈率分别是 ８０％ 、９０％ 、１００％ 及９０％ ;而支原体感染对照组的自愈率为１０％ 。低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组及蒽诺沙星组（２５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）用药 ４ 天（每隔 １２ 小时给药一次）对猪链球菌病的治愈率分别是 ５０％ 、８０％ 、８０％ 及 ８０％ ,而链球菌感染对照组的死亡率为 ５０％ 。     

沙拉沙星对人工感染禽大肠杆菌病和鸡白痢沙门氏杆菌病的治疗试验

盐酸沙拉沙星分别以５０、２５和１２．５μｇ／ｍｌ（以沙拉沙星碱基计）的浓度配备于饮水中,让鸡连续饮用６ｄ对致死量的大肠杆菌（Ｏ１３８）人工感染的３周龄肉鸡的保护率分别为８３．３％、７３．３％和６０％,与感染接种不治疗组存活率２０％比较差异均极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。按上述剂量与疗程用药对致死量的鸡白痢沙门氏杆菌人工感染１日龄肉鸡的保护率分别为１００％、９３．３％、８０％,５０μｇ／ｍｌ环丙沙星治疗对照组的存活率为９０％,感染发病不治疗组的存活率为４０％,检验结果表明沙拉沙星各用药组的存活率均比发病不治疗组高,差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

沙拉沙星注射液对人工诱发仔猪大肠杆菌病的临床疗效试验

本试验以5％氟哌酸注射液为对照药物，用沙拉沙星注射液，1.25、2.5及5mg/kg体重3个剂量分别肌肉注射人工诱发大肠杆菌病仔猪，连续用药3d，治愈率分别是85.7%、92.8%、100％，结果表明沙拉沙星注射液对仔猪大肠杆菌病有很好的疗效。     

高效液相法测定盐酸沙拉沙星制剂的含量

采用高效液相色法测定盐酸沙拉沙星制剂的含量,用Ｎａｖａ－ＰａｋＣ１８１５０＊３．９ｍｍ色谱柱,以０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ柠檬酸－０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ醋酸铵－乙腈（８０：１０：１８）为流动相,用高氯酸调ＰＨ至２．４;流速１．２ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ,检波波长２７４ｎｍ;线性范围０．２－１．２μｇ（ｒ＝０．９９９９）,平均回收率９９．７％,ＲＳＤ＝０．３％（ｎ＝７）。本方法简便,准确,适用该产品质量控制。     

乙基环丙沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及水肿病的药效学研究

本文报道以国内新近研制的畜禽专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药－－乙基环丙沙星（Ｅｎｒｏｆ－ｌｏｘａｃｉｎ），进行对实验性感染猪链球菌病及水肿病的药效学研究（２３０头猪）。试管两倍稀释法测得乙基环丙沙星对兰氏Ｃ群类马链球菌（Ｃ５５１２０）和猪大肠杆菌（Ｏ５４）的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）分别是０．８及０．０５ｕｇ／ｍｌ。肌注给药对猪链球菌病和水肿病的实验性治疗结果表明，乙基环丙沙星低、中、高剂量组（分别为１．２５、     

药物代谢动力学猪链球菌病模型的研制

为研制适于猪的药物代谢动力学研究的传染病模型，取长白×杜洛克杂种猪１６头（体重３２．０±０．７ｋｇ），每猪皮下接种纯净猪链球菌（Ｃ７４－４１型）１２．５亿个活菌，复制出典型的亚急性型猪链球菌病。动物经感染后１ｄ体温持续升高１．５～２．０℃。血浆总蛋白含量开始持续降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），血清肌酐浓度则开始升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。感染后２．５ｄ，磺溴酞的消除半衰期和给药后１５ｍｉｎ的滞留率均下降（Ｐ＜０．     

脱氧土霉素对人工诱发鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效观察

以试管两部稀释法测定脱氧土霉素对鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度，然后对人工诱发雏鸡大肠杆菌进行混饮或混料给药５天的治疗试验，结果表明：脱氧土霉素对鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，脱氧土霉素１００ｐｐｍ，混饮和２００ｐｐｍ混饲对大肠杆菌病的治愈率分别为９０．０％及９３．３％，而感染对照组的死亡率为６０．０％，用药组的增重效果显著高于感染对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。     

沙拉沙星对实验性猪链球菌病及猪水肿病的药效学

将兽医专用氟喹诺酮类药物沙拉沙星以不同治疗方案分别对实验性猪链球菌病和猪水肿病进行药效学研究。在每天总剂量相同的情况下 ,每天 1次与每天 2次给药取得了较好而相似的疗效 (P>0 .0 5 ) :对猪链球菌病 ,每天总剂量为 10 m g/ kg时 ,肌注给药的治愈率分别为 10 0 %和 90 %,但在迅速改善临床症状方面 ,每天 1次给药优于每天 2次(P<0 .0 5 ) ;对猪水肿病 ,每天总剂量为 5 mg/ kg时 ,肌注给药的治愈率均为 10 0 %。结果表明 ,在总剂量相同时 ,以大剂量、长间隔与以较小剂量、短间隔治疗实验性猪链球菌病与猪水肿病 ,均取得相当的疗效。     

二氟沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及支原体性肺炎的药效学研究

本文报道国内新近研制的畜禽专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物－二氟沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及支原体性肺炎的药效学研究。以试管两倍稀释法测得二氟沙星对兰氏C群类马链球菌（C55120）和猪肺炎支原体（F16株）的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别是1．6级及0．16mg/L。肌注给药对猪链球菌病和支原体性肺炎的实验性治疗结果表明，低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组（2．5、5、10mg/kg)及恩诺沙星组（2．5mg/kg)用药5d（每隔12h给药1次）对猪链球菌病的治愈分别是40％、70％、80％及70％，而链球菌感染对照组的死亡率为70％；低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组及恩诺沙星组（2．5mg/kg)用药5d（每隔12h给药1次）对猪支原体性肺炎的治愈率分别是80％、90％、90％及80％；而支原体感染对照组的自愈率为10％。     

Dose Titration of Sarafloxacin (A-56620) against Edwardsiella ictaluri Infection in Channel Catfish

Abstract

Two dose-titration studies were performed with sarafloxacin (A-56620) on channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus infected with Edwardsiella ictaluri. Fish were infected with E. ictaluri by water-bath exposure and subsequently fed rations for 5 d to equal 0, 2, 6, 10, or 14 mg sarafloxacin/kg body weight per day. In trial I, mortality was significantly reduced from 69% for fish receiving no medication to 17% for those receiving 10 or 14 mg sarafloxacin/kg per day (P ≤ 0.01). In trial II, mortality was reduced from 33% of the nonmedicated infected group to 5 and 10% offish receiving 10 and 14 mg sarafloxacin/kg per day, respectively. Fish receiving 2 or 6 mg sarafloxacin/kg per day had intermediate mortality rates.     

盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊对家蚕细菌性败血病的防治研究

盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊是以兽用喹诺酮类药物盐酸沙拉沙星为主要成分制成的蚕用抗菌药剂。盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊对家蚕细菌性败血病的防治效果试验表明,用100mg/L盐酸沙拉沙星药液给感染卒倒芽孢杆菌的4龄起蚕连续添食3d(第1天添食24h,第2、3天每天添食6h),对家蚕败血病的防治效果与用500mg/L盐酸诺氟沙星药液、125mg/L盐酸环丙沙星药液添食的防治效果无明显差异(P0.05);用400mg/L盐酸沙拉沙星药液给感染灵菌的4龄起蚕连续添食3d(添食方法同上),对家蚕败血病的防治效果明显优于用500mg/L盐酸诺氟沙星药液、250mg/L盐酸环丙沙星药液添食的防治效果(P0.05),与用500mg/L盐酸环丙沙星药液添食的防治效果无明显差异(P0.05)。盐酸沙拉沙星对卒倒芽孢杆菌、灵菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为1.25、5μg/mL,最低杀菌浓度分别为5、10μg/mL。分别给4龄、5龄家蚕添食400、800、1200、2000mg/L的盐酸沙拉沙星药液,对家蚕的生长发育、茧质和丝质均未见明显不良影响(t检验,P0.05),且不存在明显的剂量-反应关系。分别给5龄第4天家蚕添食剂量为5、10、20mg/kg的盐酸沙拉沙星后,药物在蚕体内吸收良好,血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收的一室开放式模型。研究结果显示,盐酸沙拉沙星胶囊对卒倒芽孢杆菌或灵菌感染引发的家蚕细菌性败血病具有明显的防治效果,并且对家蚕安全无害。     

氟甲砜霉素对鸭大肠杆菌病的药效研究

为了探讨氟甲砜霉素对鸭大肠杆菌病的疗效进行了本研究。用试管2倍稀释法测定氟甲砜霉素及对照药氯霉素对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度，然后用氟甲砜霉素，氯霉素进行混饲给药5d的疗效试验，试验结果表明，氟甲砜霉素，氯霉素对大肠杆菌O78株的最小抑菌浓度分别为6mg/L,8mg/L,100,200,400mg/kg氟甲砜霉素混饲给药对鸭大肠杆菌病的有效率分别为30．3％，93．9％，100％,400mg/kg氯霉素的有效率为93．9％，试验各组之间鸭的增重差异不显著。     

Efficacy of Sarafloxacin in Broilers after Experimental Infection with Escherichia coli

Infections of chickens with Escherichia coli serotypeO78 can be treated with the antibiotic sarafloxacin. Three experiments were conducted on the administration of this drug to chickens that had been experimentally infected with E. coli. The birds were monitored for 10 days after infection for their average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR), and the post-mortem pathology was assessed. In the first experiment, sarafloxacin (20 mg/L, equivalent to 5 mg/kg live weight per day), given in the drinking water for 3 days after infection, led to a reduction in the mortality from 75% to 27%, but the ADG of the treated birds was still less than that of the uninfected controls. In the second experiment, when the sarafloxacin was administered at the same dose in the water but over only 2 h, there was also a considerable reduction in mortality, and the ADG and the FCR also improved significantly. In the third experiment, the dose dependence of the drug was tested. The birds were given 5 and 10 mg/kg per day sarafloxacin in each group, starting within 2 h after infection. This rapid administration of the drug completely prevented mortality, while the ADG and FCR were similar to those of the uninfected controls.     

Pharmacokinetic variables and tissue residues of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in healthy pigs

OBJECTIVES: To determine pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin after a single i.v. and i.m. administration of enrofloxacin and tissue residues after serial daily i.m. administration of enrofloxacin in pigs. ANIMALS: 20 healthy male pigs. PROCEDURE: 8 pigs were used in a crossover design to investigate pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after a single i.v. and i.m. administration (2.5 mg/kg of body weight). Twelve pigs were used to study tissue residues; they were given daily doses of enrofloxacin (2.5 mg/kg, i.m. for 3 days). Plasma and tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were determined. Residues of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were measured in fat, kidney, liver, and muscle. RESULTS: Mean (+/-SD) elimination half-life and mean residence time of enrofloxacin in plasma were 9.64+/-1.49 and 12.77+/-2.15 hours, respectively, after i.v. administration and 12.06+/-0.68 and 17.15+/-1.04 hours, respectively, after i.m. administration. Half-life at alpha phase of enrofloxacin was 0.23+/-0.05 and 1.94+/-0.70 hours for i.v. and i.m. administration, respectively. Maximal plasma concentration was 1.17 +/-0.23 microg/ml, and interval from injection until maximum concentration was 1.81+/-0.23 hours. Renal and hepatic concentrations of enrofloxacin (0.012 to 0.017 microg/g) persisted for 10 days; however, at that time, ciprofloxacin residues were not detected in other tissues. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Enrofloxacin administered i.m. at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg for 3 successive days, with a withdrawal time of 10 days, resulted in a sum of concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin that were less than the European Union maximal residue limit of 30 ng/g in edible tissues.     

单诺沙星对人工诱发鸡大肠肝菌病的药效试验

根据试管 2倍稀释法测定的单诺沙星及氯霉素对鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度 ,对实验性大肠杆菌病鸡进行内服给药 (每隔 12h给药 1次 ,连续 3d)治疗试验。结果表明 ,单诺沙星及氯霉素对鸡大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别是 0 0 5及 1 6mg/L。单诺沙星以 5mg/kg、氯霉素以40mg/kg的剂量给鸡内服后 ,对大肠杆菌病的治愈率分别为 87 5%及 55 0 %。     

Efficacy of ceftiofur hydrochloride for treatment of experimentally induced colibacillosis in neonatal swine

Ceftiofur hydrochloride was tested for effectiveness against induced colibacillosis in neonatal swine. In this model, pigs less than 12 hours old were inoculated via stomach tube with a virulent, K99+, nalidixic acid-resistant strain of Escherichia coli. Six hours after challenge exposure, 1 dose of ceftiofur was administered either IM or orally in experiment 1 and orally only in experiment 2. Mortality, shedding of bacteria, fecal consistency scores, and body weight changes were monitored for 10 days. In experiment 1 (n = 383 pigs), all treatments at dosage that ranged between 0.5 and 64.0 mg of ceftiofur/kg of body weight significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced mortality, bacterial shedding, and diarrhea and increased weight gain, compared with findings in untreated controls. There were no detectable differences between oral and IM routes, except that there was greater reduction in bacteria shedding associated with the oral route of administration. In experiment 2 (n = 505 pigs), ceftiofur was administered orally either once at 6 hours after challenge exposure or twice at 6 and at 48 hours after the first dose. Dosage of ceftiofur was 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, or 60 mg/kg administered once, or half the same dose was administered at each of 2 times. At the optimal dosage (10 mg/kg), a single dose was as effective as 2 doses. The single administration at all dosages reduced mortality, bacterial shedding, and diarrhea scores and increased body weight gain, compared with findings in untreated pigs (P less than 0.01). In this induced infection model, the optimal treatment dosage was determined to be 10 mg/kg administered once.