粪便保存条件、时间对鸡球虫卯囊活力的影响实验

为探讨在不同温度条件下粪便保存不同时间对球虫卵囊成熟力的影响,本实验将含有球虫卵囊的粪便在．20℃、4℃、20℃、28℃分别保存0h、24h、48h、72h,通过观察卵囊的孢子化率确定最佳保存条件。结果表明：相同保存温度条件下,保存0h、24h、48h、72h的E．tenella早熟耐药株卵囊的孢子化率依次降低。-20℃和28℃时孢子化率均未达到80％;在4℃时粪便保存24h的孢子化率达到80％以上,保存48h及以上时孢子化率极显著（P〈0．01）低于保存24h的孢子化率;在20℃时的孢子化率均达到80％以上。     

球杀灵对鸡球虫卵囊的杀灭作用

球杀灵对鸡球虫卵囊的杀灭作用汪明，袁耀武，朱萍萍（北京农业大学动物医学院，１０００９４）鸡球虫病是养禽业的大敌。球虫病的暴发是由于鸡舍环境中球虫卵囊的污染，而目前用于环境消毒的药剂对卵囊均无功效。球杀灵（ｏｏ－ｃｉｄｅ）是英国制造的一种新型药剂，可杀...     

猫粪便中隐孢子球虫卵囊染色和浓集检测法的比较

猫粪便中隐孢子球虫卵囊染色和浓集检测法的比较［英］Ｍ．Ｍ．Ａ．Ｍｔａｍｂｏ等隐孢子虫是一种球虫目的寄生虫，可引起人和多种动物的腹泻。隐孢子虫病的诊断主要是从宿主粪便中查得卵囊而确诊。已用于隐孢子虫卵囊检查的有卵囊染色的改良萋－尼法（ＭＺＮ）、金胺酚法...     

中草药对兔球虫卵囊孢子化的影响

为了解中草药对球虫卵囊孢子化的影响,将未孢子化斯氏艾美尔球虫卵囊分别在质量浓度为0.25g/mol、0.50g/mol、1.00g/mol的蒲公英、青蒿、白头翁、秦皮药物中进行孢子化,于第4、6、8天观察球虫卵囊的孢子化情况。结果表明,所用中草药对球虫卵囊的孢子化率有一定的抑制作用,白头翁的抑制效果最好,其中以青蒿的抑制效果最差。     

低温保存球虫卵囊的活性测定

“八五”农业部重点专题部分内容球虫是危害养禽业发展的重要寄生虫，由于造成的经济损失严重，各级政府都投入了大量的人力物力进行防治研究。球虫种的纯化和保存是研究工作的基础，为保持球虫种的活性不下降，一般每3个月要繁殖一次，而每繁殖一次，都会增加一次污染的机会。减少繁殖次数，避兔虫种污染，需寻找更好的保种方法。低温保存是目前对生物体保存最常用的方法，我们对鸡球虫卵囊的低温保存工作进行了初步尝试，对保存不同时间的卵囊活性进行了测定，现报告如下。材料与方法一、虫种用分离纯化的鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫（EimerZateneu…     

抑杀鸡球虫卵囊消毒药物的筛选

鸡球虫病环境卫生控制方面尚未能研究成功在生产上广泛应用的消毒药［１］。球虫卵囊对许多消毒药物都有很强的低抗力,只有邻甲酚溶液、二硫化碳、气态或液态的氨和溴甲烷等对卵囊有杀灭作用［２～４］。国内一些学者也曾进行过这方面的研究［５,６］。但侧重于纯化的未...     

球虫消杀剂预防鸡球虫病的使用效果试验

本试验旨在得到球虫消杀剂在临床使用时的合适浓度。选择球虫发病较严重的鸡舍进行试验,分别用1∶25、1∶50和1∶100的球虫消杀剂消毒,密闭作用24 h,以不用球虫消杀剂处理的鸡舍作为对照,每种处理设两个重复。结果表明：1∶25和1∶50处理组料肉比与对照组相比差异显著（P〈0.05）,1∶100处理组与对照组相比差异不显著（P≥0.05）;球虫消杀剂各浓度处理组死亡率均小于对照组;1∶25和1∶50处理组在出栏时垫料中检出少量卵囊,但远低于对照组。各浓度球虫消杀剂处理组病变记分均小于平均值,而对照组处于平均值和高于平均值。结果提示,1∶50球虫消杀剂对球虫卵囊有着良好的杀灭作用。     

东北虎源等孢球虫在猫体内的卵囊排出规律观察

为研究猫体内的卵囊排出规律,本研究分离的东北虎源等孢球虫纯种卵囊,在猫体内多次传代后获得充足的卵囊.对猫进行人工感染30、10~3和10~4个孢子化卵囊,观察猫的卵囊排出规律,包括潜隐期、显露期、排卵囊高峰期及每克粪便中卵囊数(OPG 值).通过对比,验证了潜隐期、显露期、OPG值与感染剂量存在相关关系,即感染剂量越小,潜隐期越长,显露期越长,OPG值越小,反之亦然.     

The effect of cooling to different subzero temperatures on dog sperm cryosurvival

The objective was to assess the effect of cooling to different subzero temperatures around ice formation (?5°C) on dog sperm cryosurvival and plasma membrane fluidity. Semen was centrifuged, and sperm were resuspended in a Tris‐egg yolk medium (3% glycerol). Diluted sperm were cooled from 22 to 5°C, and then, a Tris‐egg yolk medium containing 7% glycerol was added (final concentration of 5% glycerol and 200 × 10⁶ cells/ml). Sperm were packaged in 0.5‐ml plastic straws, and equilibration was done 16 hr at 5°C before freezing. I. Straws (n = 47) at 5°C were exposed to nitrogen vapours to determine the freezing point. II. Other straws (from different ejaculates) processed as mentioned, were further cooled to ?3, ?5 or ?7°C and immediately rewarmed in a water bath at 37°C. Motility, plasma membrane functionality and acrosome integrity were assessed. III. Other straws (from different ejaculates) processed as mentioned were further cooled to ?3 or ?5°C, frozen over nitrogen vapours and stored in liquid nitrogen for one month. Straws were thawed in a water bath at 38°C for 30 s. Motility, plasma membrane functionality, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, capacitation status and plasma membrane fluidity were assessed. Ice nucleation temperature was ?14.3 ± 2.05°C (mean ± SD); cooling to +5, ?3, ?5 and ?7°C, without freezing, produces no differences on sperm quality between target temperatures; cooling to +5, ?3, and ?5°C produced no differences on sperm survival and plasma membrane fluidity after freeze–thawing. In conclusion, cooling of dog spermatozoa to different subzero temperatures did not improve sperm cryosurvival and had no effect on plasma membrane fluidity after thawing.     

不同饲喂次数对猪生产性能的影响

本试验研究不同饲喂次数对育肥猪生长性能的影响。试验结果表明,生长肥育母猪(平均初始体重60kg)日饲喂2次较为合理。     

The survival ability of salmonella, coccidia oocysts and ascarid eggs in laying hen feces from different housing systems]

The time of survival of Salmonella typhimurium, coccidia oocysts and ascaris eggs in manure of layer was determined in 5 different housing systems and 2 storing places for litter. The experiments were carried out in a stable of experimental station Frankenforst of the university of Bonn with a flock of 2200 hens. The effects of the environment conditions temperature, dry matter content, pH-value and intestinal microflora of the manure have also been studied. The time of survival was different depending on the housing system. A recovery of viable coccidia oocysts was possible after 13-370 days, ascaris eggs 53-347 days and Salmonella typhimurium 2-175 days. The tenacity of the investigated test organism mainly depend on the dry matter content of the manure. The longest period of survival of salmonellas was found in dry environment conditions, were as coccidia oocysts and ascaris eggs have been observed with the shortest period of survival. The possibility of the examined resistant parasite stages to develop was disturbed. Only few of them were able to develop and with a longer development time than those examined in the control suspension. The results of this study indicate that chicken manure, before using it in plant production, should be stored long enough to prevent men or animals from possible infections.     

呼和浩特市周边地区奶牛球虫病流行病学调查

作者采用常规粪便漂浮法,对呼和浩特市周边地区奶牛养殖牧场、养殖小区和养殖农户的约3000头奶牛进行了球虫病流行病学调查。经过统计分析结果如下:奶牛球虫病总平均感染率为9.54%,其中犊牛的平均感染率最高,为17.59%,育成牛的平均感染率为10.62%,青年牛的平均感染率为7.68%,泌乳期牛的平均感染率为2.28%;养殖农户奶牛球虫病平均感染率最高为14.58%,最低为7.39%;养殖牧场奶牛球虫病平均感染率最高为6.67%,最低为2.73%;养殖农户奶牛球虫病平均感染率,均高于养殖牧场和养殖小区奶牛球虫病的平均感染率。经过初步形态学鉴定,该地区优势虫种为邱氏艾美耳球虫(E zurnii)、牛艾美耳球虫(Ebovis)和阿沙卡等孢球虫(isospora akscaica)3种。     

不同蔗糖浓度、供体细胞保存温度和融合温度对小鼠体细胞克隆胚胎发育的影响

以昆明小鼠为实验动物,经过超数排卵后得到卵丘卵母细胞复合体(COCs),以卵丘细胞为核供体细胞,卵母细胞为核受体细胞进行核移植,分析比较了不同蔗糖浓度对小鼠卵母细胞去核时间、去核率及重构胚体外发育的影响,并探讨了供体细胞的保存温度和融合温度对重构胚体外发育的影响.结果表明,各蔗糖浓度组的去核率均达到100%,但3%、4...     

ARF基因干扰表达对不同发育阶段和贮藏条件马铃薯酶活性的影响

以前期研究获得的马铃薯栽培品种“甘农薯2号”ADP核糖基化因子(ARF)基因干扰表达转化植株为材料,用qRT-PCR法对转基因植株的ARF基因表达量进行了测定,结果表明,不同发育阶段转基因叶片中ARF基因的相对表达量先降低,生长后期略有增加,表明ARF基因干扰表达量随马铃薯生长发育发生改变。ARF基因干扰表达影响马铃薯叶片中酶活性,不同发育阶段转基因叶片与对照相比,多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)活性升高11.61%~27.84%,硝酸还原酶(nitrate reductase, NR)活性提高21.10%~41.32%,磷脂酶D(phospholipase D, PLD)活性降低2.88%~57.64%,蔗糖磷酸合成酶(sucrose phosphate synthase, SPS)活性提高29.00%~39.57%;不同温度(4℃和室温)贮藏的块茎中ARF基因的相对表达量变化趋势一致:均先降低,再升高,但前者较后者ARF基因相对表达量显著降低。室温较4℃贮藏的转基因块茎PPO活性升高30.44%~56.28%,NR活性提高17.41%~40.92%,PLD活性降低24.39%~85.11%,SPS活性提高30.89%~45.78%。室温较4℃贮藏的非转基因块茎PPO活性升高25.11%~70.66%,NR活性提高36.07%~89.62%,PLD活性降低11.35%~72.64%,SPS活性提高27.31%~61.33%。本研究通过探讨ARF基因干扰表达对马铃薯生理生化特性的影响,为进一步研究ARF基因在马铃薯生长发育调控中的作用提供一定的理论基础。     

不同温湿度对草地螟白僵菌的致病力影响

测试了不同温、湿度下白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)对草地螟(Loxostege sticticalis)幼虫的致病力。实验设置了17、20、23、26、29℃5个温度水平,相对湿度(95±5)%、(85±5)%、(75±5)%、(65±5)%和(55±5)%5个梯度,用浓度为1×109孢子/mL的白僵菌孢子液感染2龄的草地螟幼虫。结果表明:在温度为26℃时的致死中时(LT50)最短,死亡速度最快,死亡率最高;高于或低于此温度时,草地螟幼虫的LT50延长,死亡速度减慢。相对湿度发生变化时,草地螟幼虫死亡速度和死亡率不同。相对湿度为95%时,棉铃虫死亡速度最快,死亡率最高;相对湿度低于55%时,棉铃虫死亡率显著降低。相对湿度越高,草地螟幼虫死亡速度越快。