饲料级鱼油在反刍动物生产中应用的研究进展北大核心

饲料级鱼油是畜禽及水产动物养殖中常用的动物性能量饲料原料之一。鱼油富含n-3系列的多不饱和脂肪酸,能够有效提高动物性产品中共轭亚油酸(CLA)含量,特别是反刍动物乳汁及肉中CLA含量。在反刍动物生产中合理开发利用鱼油,可以有效提高畜产品的营养价值。文章介绍了鱼油中氨基酸的组成,综述日粮中添加鱼油对反刍动物肉品质影响的研究进展,为鱼油在反刍动物中的合理开发利用提供参考。     

在肉鸡饲料中添加鱼油的应用研究

鱼油中富含具有特殊作用的长链多不饱和脂肪酸———长链n-3族脂肪酸EPA(二十碳五烯酸)和DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)。这些脂肪酸会沉积于肉中或储存于脂肪中,通过食物链进入人体。许多研究表明,n-3脂肪酸EPA和DHA具有抑制心脑血管疾病、抗炎、防癌等作用。因鱼油特殊的营养作用能够为家禽生长发育提供必需脂肪酸,已被越来越多的饲料厂家用于饲料生产。试验的目的在于探讨在肉鸡饲养过程中添加鱼油的饲喂效果和经济效益。1试验材料和方法1.1试验材料试验鸡,39日龄湖南青脚肉鸡;鱼油,购于昆明市海皇饲料有限公司,脂肪含量为99.8%;基础饲料,昆…     

饲粮中添加富含二十二碳六烯酸海藻对奶山羊青年公羔生长性能、屠宰性能、肌肉品质以及脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加富含二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)海藻对奶山羊青年公羔生长性能、屠宰性能、肌肉品质以及脂肪酸组成的影响。选取16只同质性较好的6月龄[平均体重为(21.90±0.98)kg]奶山羊青年公羔,随机分为2组(每组4个重复,每个重复2只羔羊),分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)和在基础饲粮基础上添加3%富含DHA海藻(干物质基础)的试验饲粮(试验组)。饲喂12周后,从每组随机选择4只公羔(共8只公羔)进行屠宰试验,测定屠宰性能、肌肉品质以及肌肉与脂肪组织中脂肪酸组成。结果显示:与对照组相比,1)饲粮中添加富含DHA海藻对公羔的干物质采食量、平均日增重和饲料报酬无显著影响(P>0.05);2)饲粮中添加富含DHA海藻对公羔的屠宰性能和肌肉品质无显著影响(P<0.05);3)饲粮中添加富含DHA海藻可显著降低血清中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P<0.05),显著提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P<0.05),但对血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量无显著影响(P>0.05);4)饲粮中添加富含DHA海藻可显著提高肌肉和脂肪组织中DHA和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量(P<0.05),显著降低肌肉组织中n-6∶n-3 PUFA比值(P<0.05)。由此得出,在饲粮中添加富含DHA海藻对奶山羊青年公羔的生长性能、屠宰性能和肌肉品质均无显著影响,但有改善血脂指标以及肌肉与脂肪组织脂肪酸组成的潜力。     

日粮添加鱼粉和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对奶牛泌乳早期卵巢和子宫机能的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加鱼粉和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对奶牛泌乳早期卵巢功能和子宫反应的影响。从产奶第5~50 d,给奶牛饲喂等氮、等能、等脂肪日粮,其中处理分别为0%(对照组)以及1.25%、2.5%、5%的鱼粉和2.3%的鱼油脂肪酸钙盐。本试验通过检测血浆中雌二醇和孕酮含量的变化来反映卵泡的动态变化。从产奶第23 d开始,人工诱导奶牛进入同步排卵周期。在排卵后15 d(产奶第49 d)给奶牛注射垂体后叶素,并同时采集血样检测PGF2α含量。活体收集子宫内膜组织进行脂肪酸和环加氧酶蛋白-2(COX-2)蛋白含量的分析。试验结果表明:各日粮处理间卵泡活性、血浆雌二醇和孕酮浓度变化不大。日粮添加鱼粉和鱼油脂肪酸钙盐后子宫内膜脂肪酸组成中EPA(C20∶5,n-3)和DHA(C22∶6,n-3)含量大约上升了3倍,同时也伴随着子宫内膜组织中共轭亚油酸(C18∶2 cis-9,trans-11)含量的上升;与之相反,在5%鱼粉处理组子宫内膜组织中花生四烯酸(C20∶4,n-6)含量却降低。随着给奶牛注射垂体后叶素,各日粮处理间血浆PGF2α含量变化并不明显,并且内膜组织COX-2蛋白含量变化也不显著。因此通过本试验结果表明:在奶牛泌乳初期日粮中添加鱼粉或n-3多不饱和脂肪酸能显著增加子宫内膜组织n-3脂肪酸浓度,但当给奶牛注射垂体后叶素时并不能显著改变子宫内膜组织中COX-2或血浆中PGF2α的含量。     

亚麻籽和鱼油对蛋鸡蛋黄n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量与肝脏脂肪酸代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加亚麻籽和鱼油对蛋鸡蛋黄n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量、肝脏脂肪酸组成及其合成代谢基因表达的影响。选择28周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡96只,随机分为4组,每组24只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加10%亚麻籽、10%亚麻籽+5%鱼油和5%鱼油。饲养21 d后连续收集7 d鸡蛋,然后每组随机选取4只鸡屠宰取样。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)添加亚麻籽和鱼油均显著增加蛋黄中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量(P0.05),其中单独添加鱼油的蛋黄中二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)和二十碳五烯酸含量最高;2)试验组肝脏单不饱和脂肪酸比例均显著降低(P0.05),肝脏n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例均显著增加(P0.05);3)单独添加鱼油显著降低肝脏脂肪酸延长酶1、脂肪酸延长酶2和去饱和酶(脂肪酸去饱和酶1、脂肪酸去饱和酶2和硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1)基因表达水平(P0.05)。由此可见,蛋鸡饲粮中单独添加亚麻籽或鱼油可以富集蛋黄n-3多不饱和脂肪酸沉积;添加亚麻籽促进肝脏α-亚麻酸转化生成DHA过程,表现为上调脂肪酸延长酶和去饱和酶基因表达,添加鱼油显示相反结果。     

共轭亚油酸和鱼油组合对雄性肉鸡屠体性状、肌肉脂肪酸组成和脂质过氧化状态的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中同时添加共轭亚油酸(CLA)和鱼油对雄性肉鸡屠体性状、肌肉脂肪酸组成和脂质过氧化状态的影响。120只21日龄雄性爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡随机分配到4个组:豆油组(2%)、CLA组(2%)、鱼油组(2%)和混合组(1%CLA+1%鱼油)。每个组6个重复,每个重复5只鸡。42日龄屠宰取样。试验结果如下:混合组肉仔鸡的胸肌率和腿肌率与CLA组和鱼油组没有显著差异(P0.05)。CLA组、鱼油组和混合组肉仔鸡的腹脂率显著低于豆油组(P0.05)。鱼油组和混合组肉仔鸡胸肌中脂肪含量均显著低于CLA组(P0.05)。CLA组和混合组肉仔鸡的胸肌和腿肌中饱和脂肪酸含量均极显著高于鱼油组(P0.01),单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著低于鱼油组(P0.05)。鱼油组和混合组胸肌和腿肌中n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFA)的含量,特别是C20∶5、C22∶5和C22∶6含量,均极显著高于CLA组(P0.01)。肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌中C20∶5、C22∶5和C22∶6的含量在鱼油组和混合组之间没有显著差异(P0.05)。混合组肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌的脂质过氧化水平均显著低于鱼油组(P0.05)。结果表明,CLA和鱼油在肉仔鸡胸肌和腿肌的不饱和脂肪酸尤其是n-3 PUFA的沉积和脂质稳定性方面有一定的互补作用。     

n-3脂肪酸对肉鸡生产性能、器官指数及腿肌脂肪酸含量的影响

本研究旨在通过给肉仔鸡日粮中添加富含n-3脂肪酸的海藻粉,评价其对肉仔鸡生长性能、器官指数和腿肌脂肪酸组成的影响。试验共用480只肉仔鸡,随机分为3个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1笼,每笼20只。基础日粮为玉米-豆粕型,对照组和试验组的日粮组成如下:(1)对照组(基础日粮);(2)试验日粮1(基础日粮+0.10%富含n-3脂肪酸的海藻粉);(3)试验日粮2(基础日粮+0.20%富含n-3脂肪酸的海藻粉)。试验结果表明,各组的生长性能和器官指数无显著差异。然而,海藻粉组饱和脂肪酸(SFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)的含量均显著降低(P0.05),而多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)显著增加(P0.05)。总之,日粮中添加富含n-3脂肪酸的海藻粉能使腿肌中PUFA含量增加,SFA和MUFA含量减少。     

n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对动物精液品质影响的研究

多不饱和脂肪酸(Polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFAs)通常分为n-3和n-6两大类,短链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸主要来自于部分牧草和亚麻籽等,长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸主要来自于鱼油、鱼粉、藻类和橄榄油等。本文主要从精子活力、畸形率、顶体完整性、射精量、精子质膜组成和冷冻精液解冻后精液品质的角度出发,综述了日粮中添加n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对动物精液品质影响的研究进展,以期为畜牧生产提供借鉴。     

家禽多不饱和脂肪酸营养作用的研究进展(下)

7 多不饱和脂肪酸对家禽的重要性 7.1 日粮成分对多不饱和脂肪酸代谢的影响 日粮不饱和脂肪的类型和含量会迅速改变鸡蛋蛋黄和快速生长鸡组织中脂质的脂肪酸组成。鱼油中的长链ω-3 PUFA(特别是EPA和DHA)对降低鸡肝脏、蛋黄、可食肉、     

母猪日粮中脂肪酸组成对猪乳和血液以及仔猪血液中脂肪酸的组成的影响

本试验在母猪妊娠后2个月(妊娠早期)或分娩前2个月(妊娠后期)的日粮中添加橄榄油或鱼油,研究妊娠母猪日粮中的脂肪酸组成对猪乳和血液以及仔猪血液中脂肪酸的组成的影响。乳液及血浆中的脂肪酸组成用气相色谱法进行测定。试验表明,当妊娠后2个月阶段添加试验油脂时,在母猪妊娠56d时橄榄油组母猪血浆中油酸(OA)和花生四烯酸(AA)的比例高于鱼油组,而鱼油组母猪血浆中二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的比例高于橄榄油处理组。在哺乳第7d,两处理组母猪血浆中DHA的含量不同,且两组母猪的初乳以及第3d、第21d的乳汁中血浆中的DHA含量较高,AA含量相对较低。当妊娠后2个月阶段添加试验油脂时,鱼油组母猪在妊娠第105d和哺乳第7d血浆中DHA含量较橄榄油处理组低;鱼油处理组母猪的初乳和第3、21d乳液及其3日龄仔猪的血浆中DHA的含量高于橄榄油处理组。因此,在母猪妊娠后2个月阶段,母猪脂肪组织在贮存日粮中长链多不饱和脂肪酸(LCPU-FA)方面起着重要的作用,它们因分娩而被动员到乳液中,并且,日粮中多余的n-3LCPUFA会降低哺乳仔猪对AA的利用率。     

The Effects of n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Bleeding Time, Plasma Fatty Acid Composition, and In Vitro Platelet Aggregation in Cats

Dietary supplementation with fish and fish oils rich in the n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to alter eicosanoid metabolism and impair platelet function in several species. As an initial step in evaluating the antithrombotic effect of these n-3 fatty acids in cats, purified EPA and DHA were administered daily to 8 clinically normal cats for 2 months. Platelet function was evaluated biweekly by determining mucosal bleeding time and in vitro platelet aggregation parameters. Plasma fatty acid profiles were obtained before fish oil supplementation and at the termination of the study. In spite of significant increases ( P < .0001) in the plasma concentrations of EPA and DHA after n-3 fatty acid supplementation, there were no significant changes in platelet aggregation or bleeding times. Although it is tempting, based on extrapolation of data from other species, to recommend dietary supplementation with fish oil for cats prone to arterial thromboembolism, these results indicate that administration of large doses of purified EPA and DHA once daily does not inhibit platelet function in normal cats and is unlikely to prevent thrombosis in cats with cardiovascular disease. Additional studies are recommended to ascertain whether more frequent administration of these purified n-3 fatty acids or continual feeding of diets high in n-3 fatty acid content will impair platelet function.     

Fatty acid profile and oxidative stability of pork as influenced by duration and time of dietary linseed or fish oil supplementation

In this experiment, the effect of duration and time of feeding n-3 PUFA sources on the fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle was investigated. Linseed (L) and fish oil (F), rich in alpha-linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA and DHA), respectively, were supplied equivalent to a level of 1.2% oil (as fed), either during the whole fattening period or only during the first (P1; 8 wk) or second (P2; 6 to 9 wk until slaughter) fattening phase. All diets were based on barley, wheat, and soybean meal and were fed ad libitum. Crossbred pigs (n = 154; Topigs 40 x Piétrain) were randomly allotted to the 7 feeding groups. In the basal diet (B), only animal fat was used as the supplementary fat source. Three dietary groups were supplied the same fatty acid source during both fattening phases (i.e., group BB, LL, and FF). For the other 4 dietary groups, the fatty acid source was switched after the first phase (groups BL, BF, LF, and FL; the first and second letter indicating the diet in P1 and P2, respectively). Twelve animals per feeding group were selected based on average live BW. The LT was analyzed for fatty acid composition; lipid stability (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) and color stability (a* value, % of myoglobin pigments) were determined on the LT after illuminated chill storage for up to 8 d. The alpha-linolenic acid, EPA, and docosapentaenoic acid incorporation was independent of the duration of linseed feeding (1.24, 0.54, and 0.75% of total fatty acids, respectively, for group LL). Supplying fish oil during both phases resulted in the greatest EPA and DHA proportions (1.37 and 1.02% of total fatty acids; P < 0.05), but the content of docosapentaenoic acid was not affected. The proportion of DHA was greater when fish oil was administered during P2 compared with P1 (P < 0.05). There was no effect of diet on meat ultimate pH and drip loss or on lipid or color oxidation.     

饲喂不同油脂对黄羽肉鸡肌肉组织中脂肪酸组成的影响

选用 8 3日龄的雌性广西黄羽肉鸡 90只 ,随机分成 5组 (每组设 2个重复 ,每个重复 9只 ,共 18只 ) ,研究饲粮中不同油脂对肉鸡肌肉组织脂肪酸组成的影响。 5组饲粮分别含 3%的富含饱和脂肪酸的棕榈油 (PO3组 ,对照组 )、 3% (LO3组 )和 5%的富含α 亚麻酸 (C18:3n 3,ALA)的亚麻油 (LO5组 )、 5%的富含长链n 3脂肪酸 (如C2 0 :5n 3,EPA ;C2 2 :6n 3,DHA)的鱼油 (FO5组 )、 5%的富含亚油酸(C18:2n 6 ,LA)和ALA的火麻仁油 (HO5组 )。饲喂 2 8d,取样测定胸肌和腿肌中的脂肪酸组成。结果表明 :PO3(对照组 )肌肉中的n 6 /n 3脂肪酸比值比例高于其他组 (P <0 0 5) ;与对照组相比 ,LO3组和LO5组以ALA和LA为主的多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)增加 (P <0 0 5) ,ALA和LA在体内可转化为相应的长链脂肪酸 ;FO5组以长链n 3PUFA ,(如EPA、DPA、DHA)为主的PUFA含量增加 (P <0 0 5) ;HO5组以LA为主的n 6脂肪酸高于其他组 (P <0 0 5) ;长链PUFA (如DHA)易沉积于胸肌中 ,而LA ,ALA易沉积于腿肌中。由此可见 ,肉鸡肌肉组织脂肪酸的组成充分反映了饲粮油脂的脂肪酸组成 ,通过饲粮中添加不同脂肪酸组成的油脂可生产富含特定PUFA的鸡肉     

Direct supplementation of diet is the most efficient way of enriching broiler meat with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

1. Concentrations of beneficial omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) in poultry meat can be improved by increasing the concentration of n-3 PUFA in poultry diets.

2. A decrease in flavour quality is, however, usually associated with the dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA, which is due to the susceptibility of PUFA to oxidation.

3. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of introducing two different n-3 fatty acid sources (extruded linseed and DHA Gold?, a proprietary algal product rich in docosahexaenoic acid), either separately or together, on broiler productive performance, and meat quality, oxidative stability, sensory traits and LC-PUFA profile.

4. Birds given the algal product displayed better productive performances than animals from other groups.

5. The data revealed an improvement in the fatty acid nutritional value of meat from birds receiving the algal product and an inefficient conversion of α-linolenic acid (LNA) into LC-PUFA.

6. Metabolisation of LNA in vivo is not sufficient to improve meat quality in n-3 LC-PUFA and direct supplementation of the diet with n-3 LC-PUFA is a better alternative to modulate an increase in beneficial fatty acids of broiler meat.

7. The overall acceptability of meat was negatively affected by the dietary supplementation with 7.4% of DHA, in contrast to the supplementation with 3.7% of DHA, which showed to be efficient in improving LC-PUFA meat content without affecting its sensory properties.     

Long-Term Feeding of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Fish Oil to Laying Hens: Effects on Hepatic Histopathology,Egg Quality,and Lipid Components

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term feeding of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and fish oil on egg quality characteristics, production performance, liver pathology, and egg fatty acid content of laying hens. Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens (n = 112), 21 wk old, were placed in cages and randomly assigned to 4 diets (28 hens/diet, 4 replicates of 7 hens) containing 3.0% yellow grease (control), 2.75% yellow grease + 0.25% CLA (YG-CLA), 2.5% yellow grease + 0.25% CLA + 0.25% fish oil (YG-CLA-FO), and 2.75% yellow grease + 0.25% fish oil (YG-FO). The experimental diets were fed for 12 mo. Eggs were collected daily for 12 mo. Feed consumption, hen-day egg production, and feed efficiency were monitored. At the end of the trial, hepatic tissue was collected for histopathology. No effect of diet was found on feed consumption, hen-day egg production, feed efficiency, egg weight, yolk weight, shell weight, or Haugh unit. The YG-CLA and YG-CLA-FO diets produced an increase in CLA and saturated fatty acids in the egg and liver tissue with a concomitant reduction in monounsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.05). Feeding YG-CLA-FO and YG-FO increased the n-3 fatty acids in egg yolk and liver of hens (P < 0.05). No difference was observed in the number of fat vacuoles in the liver tissue. The total fat content of hepatic and abdominal fat pads did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). Regardless of the diet, as the hens aged, egg weight, yolk weight, and egg total fat increased, and shell weight decreased (P < 0.05). These data demonstrate that eggs with increased n-3 fatty acids and CLA can be generated by minor diet modifications without affecting the production performance or health of birds.     

Replacing fish oil and astaxanthin by microalgal sources produced different metabolic responses in juvenile rainbow trout fed 2 types of practical diets

Dietary fish oil supplementation provides n-3 long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids for supporting fish growth and metabolism and enriching fillet with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; c22:6n-3). Two experiments were performed as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of dietary treatments for 16 wk to determine effects and mechanisms of replacing 0%, 50%, and 100% fish oil with DHA-rich microalgae in combination with synthetic vs. microalgal source of astaxanthin in plant protein meal (PM)- or fishmeal (FM)- based diets for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish (22 ± 0.26 g) were stocked at 17/tank and 3 tanks/diet. The 100% fish oil replacement impaired (P < 0.0001) growth performance, dietary protein and energy utilization, body indices, and tissue accumulation of DHA and EPA in both diet series. The impairments were associated (P < 0.05) with upregulation of hepatic gene expression related to growth (ghr1and igf1) and biosynthesis of DHA and EPA (fads6 and evol5) that was more dramatic in the FM than PM diet-fed fish, and more pronounced on tissue EPA than DHA concentrations. The source of astaxanthin exerted interaction effects with the fish oil replacement on several measures including muscle total cholesterol concentrations. In conclusion, replacing fish oil by the DHA-rich microalgae produced more negative metabolic responses than the substitution of synthetic astaxanthin by the microalgal source in juvenile rainbow trout fed 2 types of practical diets.     

Manipulation of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content of muscle and adipose tissue in lambs

Fifty Suffolk-crossbred wether lambs, with an initial live weight of 29 +/- 2.1 kg, were allocated to one of five concentrate-based diets formulated to have a similar fatty acid content (60 g/kg DM), but containing either linseed oil (high in 18:3n-3); fish oil (high in 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3); protected linseed and soybean (PLS; high in 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3); fish oil and marine algae (fish/algae; high in 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3); or PLS and algae (PLS/algae; high in 18:3n-3 and 22:6n-3). Lambs were slaughtered when they reached 40 kg. Growth performance and intake were similar (P > 0.35) among treatments. By contrast, gain:feed was higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed the fish oil compared with the linseed oil or PLS/algae diets. Total fatty acid concentration (mg/100 g) in the neutral lipid of the longissimus muscle was not affected by treatment (P > 0.87) but was least (P < 0.05) in the phospholipid fraction in lambs fed the linseed oil diet. Lambs fed either diet containing marine algae contained the highest (P < 0.05) percentage of 22:6n-3 in the phospholipid (mean of 5.2%), 2.8-fold higher than in sheep fed the fish oil diet. In lambs fed the fish/algae diet, the percentage of 20:5n-3 was highest (P < 0.05), contributing some 8.7, 0.8, and 0.5% of the total fatty acids in the muscle phospholipid, neutral lipids, and adipose tissue, respectively. The percentage of 18:3n-3 in the phospholipid fraction of the LM was highest (P < 0.05) in lambs fed the linseed oil diet (6.9%), a value double that of sheep fed the PLS diet. By contrast, lambs fed the PLS diet had twice the percentage of 18:3n-3 in the muscle neutral lipids (3.8%) than those offered the linseed oil diet, and 5.5-fold greater than lambs fed the fish/algae treatment (P < 0.05), an effect that was similar in the adipose tissue. The percentage of 18:2n-6 was highest (P < 0.05) in lambs fed the PLS diet, where it contributed 33.7, 10.1, and 11.2% in the muscle phospholipid, neutral lipids, and adipose tissue, respectively. The highest (P < 0.05) muscle PUFA-to-saturated fatty acid (P:S) ratio was obtained in lambs fed the PLS diet (0.57), followed by the PLS/algae diet (0.46), and those fed the fish oil or linseed oil diets had the lowest ratios (0.19 and 0.26, respectively). The favorable P:S ratio of lambs fed the PLS/algae diet, in conjunction with the increased levels of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, enhanced the nutritional qualities of lamb to more closely resemble what is recommended for the human diet.     

亚麻仁油钙盐对鹌鹑蛋黄脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验将180只8周龄鹌鹑随机分为4组,分别在日粮中添加0%、1.5%、2.5%和5.0%亚麻仁油钙盐。试验期为20周,其结果表明,与对照组相比,蛋黄中C18∶3和二十二碳六烯酸(DHAC22∶6)的含量显著增加(P<0.05);亚油酸(C18∶2)的含量差异不显著(P>0.05);花生四烯酸(C20∶4)含量和n-6/n-3比率显著降低(P<0.05)。蛋黄中脂肪酸C18∶3含量与亚麻仁油钙盐添加比率间关系为Y=0.1326X-0.0066(r=0.9965)。日粮中亚麻仁油钙盐适宜的添加量为1.5%。     

Dietary fish oil supplementation affects serum fatty acid concentrations in horses

Thirteen horses of Thoroughbred or Standardbred breeding were used to study the effect of dietary fish oil supplementation on blood lipid characteristics. Horses were assigned to either fish oil (n = 7) or corn oil (n = 6) treatment groups for 63 d. The fish oil contained 10.8% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 8% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Each horse received timothy hay and a mixed-grain concentrate at rates necessary to maintain BW. Oil (corn or fish) was top-dressed on the concentrate daily at a rate of 324 mg/ kg of BW. The n-6:n-3 ratio was approximately 3.6:1 for horses receiving the corn oil diet and 1.4:1 for horses receiving the fish oil diet. Horses were exercised 5 d/wk during the study. Before supplementation, there was no difference in the concentrations of any serum fatty acids between the 2 treatment groups. The mean basal concentrations of EPA and DHA on d 0 were 0.04 and 0.01 mg/mL, respectively. After 63 d, horses receiving the fish oil treatment, but not those receiving the corn oil treatment, had increased concentrations of EPA and DHA (P <0.05). Fish oil supplementation for 63 d also increased the concentrations of C22:0, C22:1, and C22:5 fatty acids (P <0.05). Overall, horses receiving fish oil had a decreased concentration of n-6 fatty acids (P <0.05) and a greater concentration of n-3 fatty acids (P <0.01), resulting in a lower n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio after 63 d (P <0.05). Serum cholesterol concentrations increased (P <0.05) during the supplementation period in horses receiving the corn oil but not in horses receiving the fish oil. Compared with horses receiving corn oil, horses receiving fish oil had lower serum triglycerides at d 63 (P <0.05). These results demonstrate that 63 d of fish oil supplementation at 324 mg/kg of BW was sufficient to alter the fatty acid profile and blood lipid properties of horses receiving regular exercise.