不同蛋白质水平对獭兔繁殖性能的影响

选择年龄、体重基本一致,生长发育正常的健康獭兔种母兔24只,随机分成对照组以及A、B、c3个试验组,每组6只,对照组饲喂养殖场现有日粮（蛋白水平为15％）,试验组分别饲喂蛋白质水平为16％、18％、20％的日粮,研究不同蛋白质水平对獭兔繁殖性能的影响。结果表明。不同营养水平对窝产仔数、初生窝重没有明显影响,各组差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但对泌乳力、断奶窝重、断奶个体重等有明显影响。B组的泌乳力、断奶窝重与对照组相比差异显著（P〈0．05）,分别比对照组提高47．6％和1573．42g;断奶个体重,A组和B组均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,比对照组分别高30．9％和47．4％,B组显著高于A组（P〈0．05）,比A组高12．6％,C组与对照组差异不显著（P〉0．05）;各组断奶成活数、成活率差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

塑膜暖棚对繁殖母兔生产性能的影响

本文研究了冬季塑膜暖棚饲养繁殖母兔对其生产性能的影响，试验用９￣１０月龄新西兰繁殖母兔５０只和公兔６只，均分为二组即试验组和对照组。试验组用塑膜暖棚饲养，对照组在普通兔舒饲养。试验表明：试验验和对照组相比，受胎率差异不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）；窝产仔数，总产仔数，初生窝重差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５），４０日龄断乳窝重，仔兔成活率，经济效益受异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

桑枝茎叶粉对母兔繁殖性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平的桑枝茎叶粉对母兔繁殖性能的影响。选择第3胎空怀新西兰母兔400只，随机分为4组，每组5个重复，每个重复20只。各组分别饲喂桑枝茎叶粉添加量为0（对照组）、8%、16%、24%的日粮。预试期10 d，试验期从母兔配种前15 d至仔兔断奶结束。结果表明：日粮中添加桑枝茎叶粉对母兔空怀期采食量无显著影响，24%桑枝茎叶粉组母兔妊娠期和泌乳期采食量均低于对照组和8%桑枝茎叶粉组（P<0.05）；桑枝茎叶粉对母兔发情率、受胎率、死胎率、仔兔初生窝重、21 d窝重、断奶窝重和断奶仔兔数等繁殖泌乳指标无显著影响，但随着添加水平的增加，母兔繁殖和泌乳性能逐渐降；24%桑枝茎叶粉组母兔产活仔数低于对照组和8%桑枝茎叶粉组（P<0.05),16%桑枝茎叶粉组和24%桑枝茎叶粉组间无显著差异。本试验条件下，母兔日粮中桑枝茎叶粉的添加量不宜超过16%。     

葡萄糖氧化酶对泌乳母兔生产性能及体况恢复的影响

为研究葡萄糖氧化酶(glucose oxidase,GOD)对泌乳母兔生产性能及其产后体况恢复的影响,试验选择同期分娩泌乳母兔60只,随机分成5组,每组12只,调整所哺喂的仔兔数,每窝7只,每组仔兔总数相等(84只)。I组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,II、III、IV、V组为试验组,分别饲喂基础日粮加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%的GOD。预饲5 d,试验期30 d,结果表明:各试验组母兔泌乳力均高于对照组,其中0.4%添加组与对照组差异接近显著水平(P=0.078);试验组窝平均断乳仔兔只数、仔兔断乳成活率、母兔和同窝仔兔的平均日采食量均高于对照组(P0.05);试验组仔兔初生、21日龄、28日龄时窝重、断乳窝重均高于对照组(P0.05);0.4%添加组的母兔泌乳期失重显著低于对照组(P0.05),综上所述,日粮中添加葡萄糖氧化酶能够提高母兔泌乳性能,利于母兔体况恢复和断乳前仔兔发育,尤以0.4%添加组母兔泌乳力、仔兔增重、断乳成活率最高,母兔泌乳性能最优。     

品种、出生季节和胎次对家兔繁殖性能的影响

本研究旨在比较来自两个父系遗传起源的家兔在连续的出生季节(春、夏、秋和冬季)及不同胎次(初产、二胎和多胎次)的繁殖性能。试验选择初产、二胎和多胎次的两个品种的肉兔,分别为58只母兔和12只公兔,在符合季节的室内环境条件下饲养。在(46±6)d断奶,对105窝(55窝来自品种1,50窝来自品种2)母兔的生殖性能和数据进行记录。结果 :品种对各指标的影响无显著差异(P 0.05)。秋季出生时母兔体重损失最小,而冬季和春节升高(P 0.05)。冬季窝产仔数和活产仔数显著高于夏季和秋季(P 0.05)。多胎次母兔的活体重显著高于初产母兔(P 0.05),同时多胎和初产母兔哺乳期21 d的泌乳量显著低于二胎母兔(P 0.05)。夏季和秋季分娩的母兔在21 d时窝仔数显著低于冬季(P 0.05),而夏季和秋季出生的仔兔体重和日增重显著高于其他季节(P 0.05)。冬季窝仔数显著高于夏季(P 0.05)。夏季出生的仔兔断奶重显著高于冬季和春节(P 0.05),但冬季出生仔兔在断奶时的窝重显著高于春节和夏季(P 0.05)。结论 :春季时母兔和仔兔的繁殖行能和生长性能最差,但夏季高温对母兔繁殖性能有负面影响,冬季似乎比其他季节更适合本研究的饲养条件。     

黑白花兔繁殖性状的相关及通径分析

为研究黑白花兔的繁殖性能,对黑白花兔母兔产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、21日龄只数、21日龄窝重、28日龄断奶只数和28日龄断奶窝重7个性状进行相关分析和通径分析。结果表明:各繁殖性状在表型上存在极显著正相关关系,其中21日龄只数与28日龄断奶只数的相关系数最大(0.876 9);对28日龄断奶窝重直接影响最大的是28日龄断奶只数(通径系数为0.548 5),其次是21日龄窝重(通径系数为0.373 0);通过决定系数计算结果,也认为影响黑白花兔28日龄断奶窝重的主要因素是断奶只数和21日龄窝重。因此,在兔生产实际中,除了通过选育提高母兔的繁殖力外,还要健全仔兔保健措施以提高窝成活数,同时还要加强母兔的饲养管理以提高泌乳量,从而从整体上提高黑白花兔的繁殖性能。     

季节和温湿度对普通级试验兔繁殖性能的影响

本研究探索适合普通级试验母兔的舍内生长环境参数和有利于繁殖的环境条件,从而提高普通级试验母兔的繁殖性能。结果表明,试验母兔（新西兰兔）的受胎率受季节和温度的影响较大,高温条件下母兔的受胎率极显著（P〈0.01）低于常温常湿;第3季的受胎率极显著低于第1、2、4季,而第1、2、4季之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。季节对试验母兔的窝产仔数、窝产活仔数和初生个体重有显著影响（P〈0.05）,对断奶个体重的影响不明显（P〉0.05）。     

日粮蛋白能量水平对母猪繁殖性能的影响

试验选用36头配种日龄相近，其父母代繁殖性能无显著差异的长大初产母猪，研究妊娠和哺乳28天3个不同蛋白质和能量水平的日粮对母猪繁殖性能的影响。在保持日粮的蛋能比基本不变的条件下，为妊娠和哺乳母猪分别设置3个不同蛋白质和能量水平的日粮，即高能高蛋白、低能低蛋白和原用日粮。研究结果表明：妊娠日粮蛋白能量水平对母猪产仔数、活仔数影响显著（P〈0．05）：妊娠日粮蛋白能量水平对仔猪初生重无显著影响（P〉0．05）。但高能高蛋白的试验组2略高于试验组1和对照组。仔猪断奶前的平均日增重受妊娠和哺乳日粮蛋白能量水平的影响不大。     

塑膜暖棚对繁殖母兔生产性能的影响

本试验将９～１０月龄新西兰繁殖母兔５０只和公兔６只，随机分为两组，试验组用塑膜暖棚饲养，对照组用普通兔舍饲养。试验结果表明，受胎率差异不显著（Ｐ＞００５）；窝产仔数、总产仔数、初生窝重差异显著（Ｐ＜００５）；４０日龄断奶窝重、仔兔成活率、经济效益差异极显著（Ｐ＜００１）。     

配种季节对法系獭兔繁殖性能的影响

为研究配种季节对法系獭兔繁殖性能的影响,对四川省獭兔原种场法系獭兔不同季节繁殖性能测定数据进行了统计学分析。结果表明:不同配种季节,法系獭兔产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、初生个体重、21日龄窝重、断奶仔兔数、断奶窝重等差异极显著(P<0. 01),断奶成活率差异不显著(P>0. 05),繁殖性能秋季最高,夏季最低。     

Studies in sow reproduction: 4. The effect of level of feeding in lactation and during the interval from weaning to remating on the subsequent reproductive performance of the early-weaned sow

An investigation of the effects of level of nutrition, both in lactation and from weaning to remating, on subsequent litter size and associated reproductive characteristics in the early-weaned sow is reported. Subjects were 75 sows in 5 groups. In 4 of the groups the sows were weaned after a 10-day lactation period. Group 5 was weaned following a 42-day gestation. The control group was fed up to 6.3 kg/day during lactation and 2.7 kg/day from weaning to remating. The 4 early-weaned groups were each fed differently. In lactation and during the inverval from weaning to remating they were fed either 2 or 4 kg/day. The group receiving only 2 kg/day during each period lost more weight than the others (p less than .05). Weight loss in lactation was significantly (p less than .001) affected by feeding. Sows weaned after a 10-day lactation period farrowed 2.7 piglets/litter less in the next parity than sows weaned after a 6-week lactation period. Weight losses during lactation were not related to subsequent litter size. Level of nutrition from weaning to remating in these tests had no influence on subsequent litter size. The early-weaned sow, even with large fluctuations in weight change over the period from parturition to remating, did not alter their ceiling for litter size. It seems unlikely that ovulation rate is the major factor limiting litter size in the early-weaned sow. Results suggest that embryo mortality following ovulation and coitus is increased in the early-weaned sow and that this effect then manifests itself as a ceiling to subsequent litter size.     

Response of sows and litters to added dietary biotin in environmentally regulated facilities

A 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate the effects of biotin on sow longevity, reproductive performance and piglet performance to weaning utilizing 161 sows and 414 litters. Sows and gilts were fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet (without any antibiotic or chemotherapeutic compounds) during gestation and lactation containing either 0 or .55 ppm added biotin. The basal diet contained .17 ppm total dietary biotin based on microbiological assay. Results indicated sow culling rates and weight gains, number of live pigs at birth, pig weights at birth and weaning, and the interval from weaning to rebreeding were similar for both treatment groups. However, sows fed the diet with added biotin weaned more (P less than .05) pigs/litter overall and at gestation-lactation period 1 than did sows fed the basal diet without added biotin, although biotin did not increase (P greater than .10) the number of pigs weaned at gestation-lactation periods 2 through 5. The incidence of dermatitis, hair loss and soundness of feet and legs did not appear to be affected by adding biotin to the diet. Thus, the addition of .55 ppm biotin to a corn-soybean meal diet fed during gestation and lactation did not improve any of the criteria measured except number of pigs weaned overall.     

The addition of ground wheat straw as a fiber source in the gestation diet of sows and the effect on sow and litter performance for three successive parities

A regional experiment was conducted at 8 experiment stations, with a total of 320 sows initially, to evaluate the efficacy of adding 13.35% ground wheat straw to a corn-soybean meal gestation diet for 3 successive gestation-lactation (reproductive) cycles compared with sows fed a control diet without straw. A total of 708 litters were farrowed over 3 reproductive cycles. The basal gestation diet intake averaged 1.95 kg daily for both treatments, plus 0.30 kg of straw daily for sows fed the diet containing ground wheat straw (total intake of 2.25 kg/d). During lactation, all sows on both gestation treatments were fed ad libitum the standard lactation diet used at each station. Response criteria were sow farrowing and rebreeding percentages, culling factors and culling rate, weaning-to-estrus interval, sow BW and backfat measurements at several time points, and litter size and total litter weight at birth and weaning. Averaged over 3 reproductive cycles, sows fed the diet containing wheat straw farrowed and weaned 0.51 more pigs per litter (P 相似文献   

枯草芽孢杆菌对围产期母猪繁殖性能和子代生长的影响

试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌对围产期母猪繁殖性能和子代生长的影响。试验选用2~4胎次、预产期相近的妊娠85 d的健康大白猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加250 g/t的枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。试验期为妊娠85 d至产后21 d。分别于母猪妊娠85、112 d和产后21 d测量母猪背膘厚并计算背膘损失。于产后1和21 d耳缘静脉采血,肝素抗凝,离心分离血浆,测定血浆生化指标。于产后1 d记录母猪的产仔数和产活仔数,并称取仔猪出生窝重。于产后21 d称取仔猪断奶窝重并计算断奶窝日增重;每天观察并记录每窝仔猪腹泻情况,计算腹泻率。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对母猪繁殖性能无显著影响(P0.05),但显著降低了仔猪1~7日龄和1~21日龄腹泻率(P0.05),显著增加了产后21 d母猪血浆免疫球蛋白M(Ig M)含量(P0.05),且产后1 d母猪血浆白蛋白(P=0.087)和Ig M(P=0.096)含量以及产后21 d背膘厚(P=0.096)均呈增加趋势。综上所述,饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌制剂虽然不影响母猪繁殖性能,但可增强机体对蛋白质的利用和免疫力,降低仔猪腹泻率。     

Effect of lasalocid on reproductive performance and subsequent lactation in the sow

The effect of lasalocid (140 mg . head-1 . d-1) on sow reproductive performance and subsequent piglet performance during lactation were examined in a trial that involved 114 sows. Treatments consisted of 1) control diet with no lasalocid during gestation and lactation; 2) lasalocid diet during gestation, control diet during lactation; 3) control diet during gestation and lasalocid diet during lactation; and 4) lasalocid diet during gestation and lactation. The addition of lasalocid either to gestation or lactation diets had no effect (P greater than .10) on sow weight gains or days to return to estrus postweaning. Milk protein percentages were similar (P greater than .10) for sows in all treatment groups for samples taken at 3, 7 and 14 d postfarrowing. Milk fat percentages were higher (P less than .05) in fall-bred sows at d 3 for Treatments 1, 3 and 4 than for Treatment 2 No significant differences (P less than .10) were observed for litter size at birth, 21 d postfarrowing or at weaning. Piglet weights at birth, 21 d and weaning were similar (P less than .10) among treatment groups. However, litter size and litter weight gains tended to be heavier at 21 d postfarrowing and at weaning for fall-bred sows fed lasalocid in either gestation and (or) lactation compared with those fed the control diet.     

不同中药复方对断奶獭兔生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同中药复方对断奶獭兔生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选择120只平均体重为（700±50）g的35日龄断奶獭兔,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。Ⅰ组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组则分别饲喂含1%健脾丸、1%参芪汤、1%加味四君子汤的基础日粮,观察不同中药复方对断奶獭兔腹泻率、生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。预试期7 d,正试期30 d。结果显示：参芪汤组和加味四君子汤组腹泻频率均显著低于对照组（P < 0.05）。0~15 d加味四君子汤组料重比（F/G）极显著低于参芪汤组（P < 0.01）;15~30 d加味四君子汤组平均日增重（ADG）显著高于健脾丸组（P < 0.05）,参芪汤组和加味四君子汤组F/G均显著低于对照组（P < 0.05）;试验第15天,健脾丸组血清尿素氮（BUN）含量显著高于加味四君子汤组（P < 0.05）,加味四君子汤组血清葡萄糖（GLU）含量极显著高于对照组（P < 0.01）,并显著高于健脾丸组（P < 0.05）,加味四君子汤组血清甘油三酯（TG）显著高于对照组和健脾丸组（P < 0.05）;试验第30天,健脾丸组血清总蛋白（TP）含量极显著低于加味四君子汤组（P < 0.01）,显著低于参芪汤组（P < 0.05）。综上所述,基础日粮中分别添加1%加味四君子汤及1%参芪汤能有效降低断奶獭兔腹泻率,提高其生长性能与抗病能力,且加味四君子汤效果更好。     

Effect of dietary fibre on reproductive performance of sows during the first two parities

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fibre on reproductive performance during the first two parities. Gilts were randomly allocated to receive three fibrous diets from days 1-90 of gestation, including low fibre [low fiber (LF), 10.8% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), n=132], middle fibre [middle fiber (MF), 15.8% NDF, n=132] and high fibre diet (HF, 20.8% NDF, n=135), until completion of the second parity. Response criteria included backfat measurements, litter size and pig weight at parturition and day 22 of lactation, weaning-oestrus-interval, oestrus rate, sow farrowing and culling rate, uniformity of newborns and relative organ weights. The results showed sows fed LF diet in parity 1 gained more backfat (p<0.05) during gestation but lost more (p<0.05) during lactation than sows fed HF diet. Furthermore, sows fed LF diet farrowed more pigs (+0.7-1.1 pigs, p<0.05) and pigs born alive (+1.0 pigs, p<0.05) relative to sows fed HF diet. Likewise, sows fed LF and MF diets had greater litter weights at parturition (both p=0.06) and day 22 after lactation (both p<0.05). In parity 2, yet, it was MF diet to increase both total pigs born and pigs born alive (+0.9-1.1 pigs, p<0.05) and litter weight (p=0.05) relative to other diets. After 22 d of lactation, intriguingly, sows fed HF diet had most pigs alive (p<0.01-0.07) and heavier litter weight (p=0.07 or 0.2). Feeding HF diet also increased internal organs weight of newborns (p<0.05). Collectively, feeding LF and MF diets had beneficial effects on litter weight at parturition and day 22 of lactation in parity 1, and feeding MF diet until parity 2 was able to improve litter size and weight at parturition, but this positive effect disappeared after 22 days of lactation, instead feeding HF diet showed the optimal litter performance.     

Effect of postnatal nutritional status on subsequent growth and reproductive performance of gilts

Two trials involving 128 gilts were conducted to determine the effect of nutritional status during the first 28 d postnatally on subsequent growth and reproductive performance. Nutritional status was altered by adjusting litter size at birth to either 6 or 12 pigs and maintaining a lactation length of either 13 or 28 d. Pigs weaned at d 13 were fed on an ad libitum basis or at 50% of ad libitum through d 28. After d 28, all pigs were fed the same diets through the first parity. By market weight (d 154) pigs recovered differences in body weight imposed during the early postnatal period. Postnatal nutritional status did not alter age at puberty. Gilts weaned at d 28 from litter size 6 produced 2.4 more (P less than .05) ova than gilts from litter size 12; however, when weaned at d 13, gilts from litter size 6 produced 2.3 fewer ova than gilts from litter size 12. Feed restriction for 15 d postweaning did not depress ovulation rate in gilts. Subsequent litter size was not affected by postnatal litter size, lactation length or feed restriction, even though growth rate and ovulation rate had been altered by treatments imposed during the first 28 d postnatally. Assuming no difference in fertilization, these data suggest that prenatal mortality was altered by the early postnatal treatments and was the limiting factor for litter size. Until factors that influence prenatal losses are characterized and controlled, the alteration of nutritional status by changes in postnatal litter size, lactation length or feeding level will not detrimentally affect subsequent litter size in gilts.     

发酵中药渣对妊娠母猪繁殖性能、血浆生化参数和抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵中药渣对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响,并通过测定血浆生化参数和抗氧化指标探讨其作用机制。试验选用3~5胎次、体况和预产期相近的长白×大白二元母猪75头,随机分为3组,每组25头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,中药渣组和发酵中药渣组分别在基础饲粮中添加1.5 kg/t的中药渣和发酵中药渣。试验周期为整个妊娠期,统计返情、空怀和流产的母猪数,窝产仔数、产活仔数以及仔猪初生窝重和初生个体重。分别于母猪妊娠第45天、第75天和第114天(分娩当天),每组随机选取8头母猪,耳缘静脉采血,分离血浆,测定生化参数和抗氧化指标。结果表明:饲粮添加中药渣或发酵中药渣对母猪的繁殖性能无显著影响(P0.05)。与对照组相比,妊娠第114天时,发酵中药渣组的血浆总蛋白(TP)含量显著升高(P0.05),中药渣组和发酵中药渣组的血浆高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著升高(P0.05);妊娠第45天时,中药渣组和发酵中药渣组的血浆过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高(P0.05),同时血浆碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著降低(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加1.5 kg/t发酵中药渣不影响妊娠母猪的繁殖性能,但可在一定程度上改善机体代谢,增强抗氧化功能。