畜禽新营养素-ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸

饲料中ω－3多不饱和脂肪酸的含量都较低，而ω－6多不饱和脂肪酸的含量却较高。鱼粉和鱼油中都富含ω－3多不饱和脂肪酸。它们是平衡ω－6多不饱和脂肪酸；ω－3多不饱和脂肪酸比的最有效的途径。而平衡的ω－6多不饱和脂肪酸；ω－3多不饱和脂肪酸比可提高家畜的健康水平和繁殖力。     

仔猪注射磺胺-6-甲氧嘧啶钠死亡报道

１９９７年６月２２日，泰协综合养殖场１窝体重３ｋｇ左右１０日龄的仔猪，患仔猪白痢，内服氟哌酸后，仍有４头仔猪拉黄白色稀粪，中午１２∶２０给该窝１２头仔猪全部臀部注射磺胺－６－甲氧嘧啶钠（批号９５０３０９，江西省生物制品厂出品），每头０．２ｇ。当注射至...     

鸡溃疡性肠炎的治疗试验报告

根据药敏试验结果，选择青霉素、链霉素、氯霉素、蒽诺沙星、磺胺－５－甲氧嘧啶为试验用药，对人工发病的溃疡性肠炎病鸡进行了治疗试验。结果表明，蒽诺沙星、链霉素对该病的治疗效果较好，氯霉素对该病有一定治疗效果，青霉素、磺胺－５－甲氧嘧啶对该病无效。     

鸡肝组织中磺胺类药物多残留分析法

建立了鸡肝组织中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲氧吡嗪、磺胺－6－甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺－2，6－二甲氧嘧啶和磺胺喹恶啉的多残留高效液相色谱分析法。样品经乙腈提取、正己烷液－液分配和碱性氧化铝柱固相萃取法净化后用反相高效液相色谱法测定（UV270nm）。7种磺胺类药物标准曲线的相关系数（r^2)为0．9991－1．0000（0.01μg/ml-0.5μg/ml）。在0.05mg/kg-0.5mg/kg浓度范围内，磺胺类药物的回收率为68．8％－100．0％，变异系数为1．3％－12．0％。 检测限为0．01mg/kg-0.03mg/kg，定量限低于0.05mg/kg。     

穿心莲的兽医临床应用及的酯提取

穿心莲又名一见喜、苦胆草、榄核莲，为爵床科植物穿心莲的全草入药。本品性能苦、寒，入肝、肺、大肠经，为清热解毒之要药，还有凉血止痢、消肿止痛之功。此外，还可用于肝热传眼、目赤肿痛以及口舌生疮、咽喉肿痛等症，主产于长江以南各省。1　成份本品叶含穿心莲内酯、新穿心莲内酯、脱氧穿心莲内酯、高穿心莲内酯、穿心莲烷、穿心莲酮、穿心莲酯、穿心莲甾醇、β－谷甾醇－D－葡萄糖甙等；根含5－羟基－7，8，2’－三甲氧基黄酮，5，2’－二羟基－7，8－二甲氧黄酮等；又含有磷酸二氢钾，α－谷甾酮，全草含14－脱氧－11－氧（代）穿…     

传染性法氏囊病病毒VP2-4-3 cDNA的分子克隆和序列分析

从法氏囊组织分离IBDV超强毒株HK46并提取基因组RNA。以RNA为模板进行反转录合成cDNA第一链。采用长PCR扩增技术获得VP2－4－3 cDNA全长片段。将PCR产物克隆到pcDNA3.1( )载体，得到重组质粒pPP1。对pPP1插入片段全长序列进行了测序并对其序列进行了分析。结果表明，VP2－4－3 cDNA阅读框架由3039bp组成，可编码1012个氨基酸组成的前体多聚蛋白。经比较得知，HK46超强毒株VP2－4－3氨基酸序列与经典毒株间存在19－28个氨基酸的差异；与Harbin强毒株相差32个氨基酸；而与超强毒株OKYM和UK661分别相差2和6个氨基酸，且它们的VP2序列完全相同。在HK46超强毒株所特有的9个氨基酸中，3个位于VP2可变区，显示超强毒株其抗原性存在着变异。     

一种猪弓形体病的诊治

报道了某养猪场对猪弓形体病的临床、剖检、实验室等综合分析与诊断，并采用了磺胺－6－甲氧嘧啶钠注射治疗，效果良好。     

禽迪与磺胺-6-甲氧嘧啶钠联合治疗鸭传染性浆膜炎

鸭传染性浆膜炎又称新鸭病、鸭疫巴氏杆菌病，是导致小鸭大批死亡或体重下降的一种接触性传染病，也是养鸭场的常见多发病。目前许多养殖户都以氯霉素或喹诺酮类等药物进行治疗，因耐药性的产生，导致治愈率不高。笔者采用江西民星动保公司生产的禽迪可溶性粉与磺胺－6－甲氧嘧啶钠联合治疗，疗效显著，治愈率达90％以上。1 发病情况与症状 本县某乡一养殖户饲养的1 500羽5周龄体重200～350g的番鸭，4成多发病，死亡300多只。初病时怕冷，叠堆，拉黄白色稀粪，疑为副伤寒，用5％恩诺沙星饮水、氯霉素原粉按0．08％拌料，连用3d，未控制住病…     

鸡溃疡性肠炎的治疗

根据药敏试验结果，对人工发病的溃疡性肠炎病鸡进行了治疗试验，实验结果表明，蒽诺沙星、链霉素对该病的治疗效果较好，磺胺－５－甲氧嘧啶及无青霉素无效。     

褪黑激素的研究进展

褪黑激素的研究进展姚丽娟，李华锋，程瑞禾（南京农业大学动物科技学院２１００９５；山东六和集团有限公司２６６０７１）Ｎ－乙酰－５－甲氧色胺（Ｎ－ａｃｅｔｙｌ－５－ｍｅｔｈｏｘｙｔｒｙｐｔａｍｉｎｅ），即裉黑激素（ｍｅｌａｔｏｍｎ，ＭＥＬ），是松果腺细胞...     

枯草芽孢杆菌在发酵饲料中的应用研究进展

枯草芽孢杆菌是一种益生菌，在粗饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌进行发酵处理得到的饲料为发酵饲料。本文对枯草芽孢杆菌发酵饲料，几种发酵饲料原料和发酵饲料工艺，以及固态发酵、液体发酵和枯草芽孢杆菌发酵饲料在不同领域内的应用进行综述，并对枯草芽孢杆菌发酵饲料的应用前景进行展望。 [关键词] 枯草芽孢杆菌|发酵饲料|研究进展     

益生肠球菌应用于断奶仔猪的研究进展

仔猪早期断奶腹泻是困扰养猪业的严重问题,随着饲用抗生素作为饲料添加剂的禁止使用,寻求能够替代抗生素的新的生长促进剂成为研究的热点。益生肠球菌主要应用于医疗保健行业,研究主要集中在粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)和屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium),有关益生肠球菌作为饲料添加剂在动物饲料中的应用也逐渐引起了人们的关注,对其作用机制及有效包被技术的研究已取得了一些进展。通过介绍益生肠球菌在动物饲养,尤其是断奶仔猪中的应用现状和存在问题,以亟为该领域的研究提供参考。     

Decision-making on the use of diverse combinations of agricultural products and natural plants in pig feed: a case study of native pig smallholder in northern Thailand

We have identified the feed offered to native pigs in a case study of smallholder in northern Thailand. We examined the types and fresh weights of pig feed over two 10-day periods in household A, in September 2006 (rainy season) and in December 2006 and January 2007 (dry season). The study results are as follows. (1) They offered 18 types of feed in total during the rainy and dry seasons, of which seven types were common to the rainy and dry seasons, five types were offered during the rainy season only, and six types during the dry season only. (2) They offered agricultural products as 34% of feed (rainy season) and 61% of feed (dry season), and natural plants used exclusively for pig feed as 66% of feed (rainy season) and 39% of feed (dry season). (3) The feed combinations at each feeding time differed 80% of the time during both the rainy and dry seasons. These results show not only that they offered diverse combinations of agricultural products and natural plants as pig feed, but also that they changed feed kinds in both the rainy and dry seasons.     

A review of feed efficiency in swine: biology and application

Feed efficiency represents the cumulative efficiency with which the pig utilizes dietary nutrients for maintenance, lean gain and lipid accretion. It is closely linked with energy metabolism, as the oxidation of carbon-containing components in the feed drive all metabolic processes. While much is known about nutrient utilization and tissue metabolism, blending these subjects into a discussion on feed efficiency has proven to be difficult. For example, while increasing dietary energy concentration will almost certainly increase feed efficiency, the correlation between dietary energy concentration and feed efficiency is surprisingly low. This is likely due to the plethora of non-dietary factors that impact feed efficiency, such as the environment and health as well as individual variation in maintenance requirements, body composition and body weight.Nonetheless, a deeper understanding of feed efficiency is critical at many levels. To individual farms, it impacts profitability. To the pork industry, it represents its competitive position against other protein sources. To food economists, it means less demand on global feed resources. There are environmental and other societal implications as well.Interestingly, feed efficiency is not always reported simply as a ratio of body weight gain to feed consumed. This review will explain why this arithmetic calculation, as simple as it initially seems, and as universally applied as it is in science and commerce, can often be misleading due to errors inherent in recording of both weight gain and feed intake.This review discusses the importance of feed efficiency, the manner in which it can be measured and reported, its basis in biology and approaches to its improvement. It concludes with a summary of findings and recommendations for future efforts.     

生物发酵饲料在无抗养猪生产上的应用研究进展

生物发酵饲料作为"第四代活的饲料",近年来备受畜牧行业的关注,也是国家实行饲料全面禁抗后的替抗研究手段之一。生物发酵饲料立足于去除原料抗营养因子、改善饲料营养价值、提高饲料养分消化利用率、产生有益微生物代谢产物,达到维护动物肠道健康、提升动物机体免疫力、促进动物生产性能、减少动物粪污排放和环保健康养殖的目的。生物饲料在养猪生产上应用最早、也最为广泛,从早年欧洲家庭农场的液体发酵饲喂,到近年来发酵原料、益生活菌及其代谢产物在猪饲料上的使用,都取得了成功实践。文章就生物发酵饲料的概述、其替抗的作用机理及其在生猪养殖上的研究进展进行综述,为生物发酵饲料的广泛应用提供参考依据。     

安徽省六安市猪预混料市场营销现状调查和分析

为了解安徽省六安市猪预混料市场营销现状,并为生猪养殖户科学选择预混料以及预混料生产企业制定销售策略提供参考,通过电话调查和走访的方式,对该市生猪养殖场的猪预混料使用情况进行了调查。结果表明：随着猪场养殖年限的增加会提高预混料的使用率;对于不同养殖模式的生猪养殖场,以养殖育肥猪为主的猪场更愿意使用预混料;年出栏育肥猪数量的增加会提高预混料的使用率;合理的价格、稳定的质量、及时的供货以及优惠政策的制订,均有利于维持养殖户对预混料产品的忠诚度。根据调查结果,提出以下建议：预混料厂家应以兽药饲料经销商作为主要分销渠道,将以出售育肥猪为主业且规模较大、养殖时间较长的猪场列为重点目标客户,加强售后服务,同时配合灵活的销售政策,培育忠诚的客户群,不断提高产品的市场竞争力;猪场采购预混料时要选择品牌形象好、价格合理、质量稳定、服务良好的产品。     

Effect of fermented feed on shedding of Enterobacteriaceae by fattening pigs

Epidemiological studies showed that the use of fermented feed could significantly reduce Salmonella prevalence in pigs compared to the use of normal feed. Experimental challenge experiments with Salmonella have however never been conducted to reveal the efficacy of fermented feed in reducing Salmonella shedding and/or reducing the number of Salmonella-positive pigs. A longitudinal study was conducted to measure the effect of fermented feed, in particular of its components lactic acid and Lactobacillus plantarum, on gastrointestinal bacterial ecology (Salmonella, Enterobacteriaceae, lactobacilli, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), pH). Seeder pigs were used as a mode for Salmonella transmission within a pig herd. Bacteriological measurements were performed in faeces of the pigs. The results showed that fermented feed affected/reduced the Enterobacteriaceae population in faeces of the pigs. No differences were found in the number of positive pigs infected or in the number of shedding with Salmonella serovar Typhimurium fed fermented feed and between the normal feed group. S. serovar Goldcoast could not establish an infection in the seeder pigs in the fermented feed group as well as in the normal feed group. The pH of the faeces in the fermented feed groups was significantly higher than the pH of the faeces of the normal feed groups. The role of the undissociated form of the faecal VFAs on the significantly lower Enterobacteriaceae number in faeces of the pigs of the fermented feed groups could not be demonstrated because of the significant higher pH in the faeces of the pigs fed fermented feed.     

黄芪对半滑舌鳎非特异免疫活性的影响

试验使用单因素3重复试验方法,第1组为对照组,其余3组为试验组,每试验组设3个重复,每个重复15尾鱼。依据半滑舌鳎的营养需求配制适合其生长发育的基础饵料,同时将20、40、60 g黄芪分别熬制药液,分别添加至一定量的基础饵料中配制成免疫饵料。半滑舌鳎暂养为15 d,期间投喂基础饵料;免疫试验时间为30 d,期间对照组投喂基础饵料,试验组投喂免疫饵料。通过对半滑舌鳎血清溶菌酶活性、白细胞吞噬百分比、吞噬指数和免疫器官(脾脏)指数的研究,来探讨黄芪作为饲料添加剂的可行性及适宜用量。结果表明,在试验时间内,添加中草药黄芪对半滑舌鳎的非特异免疫活性有明显的提高作用,用60 g黄芪熬制浓缩液与基础饵料制成的免疫饵料对半滑舌鳎非特异免疫活性的提高效果最好。     

试论青海养猪业的饲料保障体系建设

本文论述了青海省的饲料工业现状，饲料供需现状及饲料开发应用前景。指出，首先要注重浓缩料和预混料的研制与生产，其次要合理利用优势资源如菜籽饼粕等，此外还要加强和改善饲料工业行业管理，建立健全质量保证体系；深化体制改革；加大饲料工业科研投入；建立区域性的饲料综合市场等。     

A review of feed efficiency in swine:biology and application

Feed efficiency represents the cumulative efficiency with which the pig utilizes dietary nutrients for maintenance,lean gain and lipid accretion.It is closely linked with energy metabolism,as the oxidation of carbon-containing components in the feed drive all metabolic processes.While much is known about nutrient utilization and tissue metabolism,blending these subjects into a discussion on feed efficiency has proven to be difficult.For example,while increasing dietary energy concentration will almost certainly increase feed efficiency,the correlation between dietary energy concentration and feed efficiency is surprisingly low.This is likely due to the plethora of non-dietary factors that impact feed efficiency,such as the environment and health as well as individual variation in maintenance requirements,body composition and body weight.Nonetheless,a deeper understanding of feed efficiency is critical at many levels.To individual farms,it impacts profitability.To the pork industry,it represents its competitive position against other protein sources.To food economists,it means less demand on global feed resources.There are environmental and other societal implications as well.Interestingly,feed efficiency is not always reported simply as a ratio of body weight gain to feed consumed.This review will explain why this arithmetic calculation,as simple as it initially seems,and as universally applied as it is in science and commerce,can often be misleading due to errors inherent in recording of both weight gain and feed intake.This review discusses the importance of feed efficiency,the manner in which it can be measured and reported,its basis in biology and approaches to its improvement.It concludes with a summary of findings and recommendations for future efforts.