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1.
本研究应用PCR-RFLP方法,对德昌水牛MHCⅡ类基因座位的Bola-DRB3基因第2外显子进行了遗传多态性研究。结果表明:HaeIII酶切出现7种基因型,即AA、AB、AD、BC、AC、BF和BB,共有A、B、C、D、F 5个复等位基因控制;AA型的频率最高,为优势基因型,A基因为优势基因。RsaI酶切结果出现3种基因型,即GH、GG、HH,共有G、H 2个基因控制;GG的频率最高,为优势基因型,G基因为优势基因。这表明德昌水牛在Bola-DRB3基因第2外显子上具有丰富的多态性。在RsaI酶切位点上,德昌水牛未达到Hardy-Weiberg平衡状态,显示在群体中有选择、基因突变、近交、遗传漂变等因素的一定影响,这是对保种极为不利的,应引起畜牧工作者的关注。在德昌水牛遗传资源的开发利用和保存中,作者认为应严格划定杂交改良和保种区的范围;在杂交改良区内可以进行选育、品种间杂交,充分利用杂种优势,提高其生产性能;而在保种区或群中不进行杂交,同时减少选育;使德昌水牛遗传资源的有效保存和充分利用有机的结合起来。  相似文献   

2.
本文阐述了大额牛的品种特性、种群现状和保种措施.大额牛保种可采用原产地活体保种,迁地活体保种和现代生物技术保种.大额牛体型较大,产肉性能好、行动敏捷、结构紧凑、肌肉发达、肉质优良、耐粗饲、适应性、繁殖力和抗病力均较强等特点.种群体数量极小.大额牛是云南省一个地方品种,保种工作刻不容缓.  相似文献   

3.
德昌水牛Bola-DRB3基因第二外显子的PCR-RFLP多态性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本研究应用PCR-RFLP方法,对德昌水牛MHCⅡ类基因座位的Bola-DRB3基因第2外显子进行了遗传多态性研究.结果表明:HaeⅢ酶切出现7种基因型,即AA、AB、AD、BC、AC、BF和BB,共有A、B、C、D、F 5个复等位基因控制;AA型的频率最高,为优势基因型,A基因为优势基因.RsaⅠ酶切结果出现3种基因型,即GH、GG、HH,共有G、H 2个基因控制;GG的频率最高,为优势基因型,G基因为优势基因.这表明德昌水牛在Bola-DRB3基因第2外显子上具有丰富的多态性.在RsaⅠ酶切位点上,德昌水牛未达到Hardy-Weiberg平衡状态,显示在群体中有选择、基因突变、近交、遗传漂变等因素的一定影响,这是对保种极为不利的,应引起畜牧工作者的关注.在德昌水牛遗传资源的开发利用和保存中,作者认为应严格划定杂交改良和保种区的范围;在杂交改良区内可以进行选育、品种间杂交,充分利用杂种优势,提高其生产性能;而在保种区或群中不进行杂交,同时减少选育;使德昌水牛遗传资源的有效保存和充分利用有机的结合起来.  相似文献   

4.
西宁地区西门塔尔牛血液蛋白质多态性的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对西宁地区西门塔尔牛的血红蛋白、运铁蛋白和后运铁蛋白的多态性特征进行了研究。结果表明:①血红蛋白位点存在HB AA和HB AB两种基因型,以HBAA为优蛰基因型,HB~A为优势等位基因;②运铁蛋白位点存在TF AA,TF AD,TF DD,TF DE和TF AE五种基因型,以TF DD为优势基因型,TF~D为优势等位基因;③后运铁蛋白位点存在PTFAA,PTF AB和PTF BB三种基因型,以PTF AA为优势基因型,PTF~A为优势等位基因;④三个血液蛋白质位点的平均基因杂合度为0.3396。  相似文献   

5.
 雌激素相关受体α(Estrogen-related receptors α,ESRRα)是一个多功能蛋白,主要参与全身能量代谢,并且在脂肪细胞分化过程中起着重要作用。研究采用直接测序与限制性内切酶片段长度多态性 (RFLP) 相结合的方法,对282头秦川牛ESRRα基因的第一内含子进行多态性检测,发现一个单核苷酸多态位点(SNP)(C147A)。通过分析得出:在这个秦川牛群体中存在2个等位基因,A和C,两个等位基因的频率分别为0.4025和0.5975,检测到3种基因型,AA、CA和CC,3种基因型的频率分别为0.1844,0.4363和0.3794。ESRRα基因与秦川牛肉质性状的关联分析结果表明:CC基因型对牛的背膘厚有较大影响 (P<0.05);而AA基因型和CA基因型个体的大理石花纹则显著高于CC型个体 (P<0.05)。  相似文献   

6.
猪肋骨数具有重要的经济价值,研究表明肋骨数的个体差异受VRTN基因影响,为明确VRTN基因在天康猪群中的遗传效应,为培育多肋商品猪提供基础数据。采集283头不同品系种公猪耳组织样品和230头三元杂交商品猪肌肉样品,检测VRTN基因ins291位点基因型,进行商品猪VRTN基因型与肋骨数的关联分析,分析不同品系种公猪的VRTN基因型频率。发现所检测群体中VRTN基因ins291位点存在多态性,有QQ、Qq和qq三种基因型;该位点处的插入突变对商品猪的肋骨数表型变异影响极显著(P 0.01)。长白公猪群中有利等位基因Q基因频率为A系 B系;大白种公猪群中有利等位基因Q基因频率为A系 B系;有利等位基因Q频率为:杜洛克公猪群中BC系 C系 AC系 B系。VRTN基因对肋骨数的遗传效应得到验证,以QQ为优势基因的A系长白、A系大白、BC系杜洛克和C系杜洛克种猪可用于生产多肋商品猪。  相似文献   

7.
《中国兽医学报》2014,(10):1676-1681
采用PCR-SSCP技术对45头种公牛Catsper1基因的单核苷酸多态性进行了检测。结果发现,在Catsper1基因的5′UTR、exon-1、intron-1和3′UTR上存在多态性,5′UTR、exon-1和3′UTR分别存在2种基因型,即AA/AB、A′A′/A′B′和EE/EF型,intron-1存在3种基因型,即CC型、DD型和CD型。对多肽片段克隆测序,结果显示,在Catsper1基因5′UTR上存在2个碱基突变,即C65T和T28C;在exon-1上存在G144A的突变,并且该位点的突变导致了氨基酸序列由甘氨酸变为丝氨酸;在intron-1上存在C167T的突变;在3′UTR存在C202T的突变。利用SPSS 12.0软件分析了西门塔尔牛和夏洛莱牛Catsper1基因的遗传多态性与精液品质的相关关系,结果表明:5′UTR与exon-1位点的突变对鲜精活力、冻精活力、鲜精顶体完整率和冻精顶体完整率有显著影响(P<0.05);intron-1位点对射精量和冻精畸形率有显著影响(P<0.05);3′UTR位点对精子浓度和鲜精活精子比率有显著影响(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

8.
提取秦川牛血液DNA样品,PCR扩增后,通过非变性PAGE电泳获得基因型,然后进行测序确定微卫星的基因型,研究Y-STR微卫星位点UMN0929、UMN0108、UMN0920、INRA124、UMN2404、UMN0103在秦川牛群体中的遗传多态性.结果发现,176头无亲缘关系的秦川牛,公牛中在6个Y-STR基因座均有遗传多态.UMN0929、UMN0108、UMN0920、 INRA124、UMN2404、UMN0103的等位基因数分别为 4、5、2、2、5和4,其等位基因频率分别为0.14、0.57、0.18、0.11, 0.10、0.10、0.35、0.35、0.10,0.25、0.75,0.24、0.76,0.10、0.35、0.33、0.12、0.10,0.17、0.14、0.35、0.34;基因多样性分别为0.61、0.73、0.38、0.36、0.73、0.71;共发现了51种单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.94.表明UMN0929、UMN0108、UMN0920、 INRA124、UMN2404和UMN0103 6个微卫星位点在秦川牛群体中有遗传多态性,在秦川牛的起源研究和个体识别以及亲子鉴定中有较高的应用价值.  相似文献   

9.
为分析肉牛MSTN基因的遗传多态性及变异特征,采用PCR-SSCP方法检测了60头甘肃武威西门塔尔牛MSTN基因的多态性,对群体内各等位基因进行了克隆测序。结果显示:武威西门塔尔牛MSTN基因第1外显子存在A、B两个等位基因以及AA、AB两种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.9167、0.0833;第2外显子存在A、B两个等位基因以及AA、BB、AB三种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.5、0.25、0.25。序列分析表明,武威西门塔尔牛MSTN第1外显子在269 bp发生了A→G的突变,第2外显子在41 bp发生了C→T的突变,二者均属于同义突变。统计结果表明,武威西门塔尔牛MSTN基因第1外显子呈低度多态,第2外显子呈中度多态,外显子3没有发生突变。  相似文献   

10.
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳法对西宁市163头黑白花牛血清后运铁蛋白位点的多态性特征进行了研究。结果查明:该位点由1对等显性等位基因Ptf~A和Ptf~B控制,构成PtfAA、PtfAB和PtfBB三种电泳表型;西宁市奶牛场的黑白花牛以Ptf~A为优势基因(0.7268),而大通县良种奶牛场的以Ptf~B为优势基因(0.6439),两场黑白花牛血清后运铁蛋白的基因型频率和基因频率存在显著差异(P<0.01-0.001)。  相似文献   

11.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。  相似文献   

12.
用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10~0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。  相似文献   

13.
乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和 Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。  相似文献   

14.
以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。  相似文献   

15.
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。  相似文献   

16.
Reasons for performing study: Clinical experiences indicate that centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint is often unsuccessful. Objective: To determine the accuracy of 2 published and 2 unpublished techniques of centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint. Hypothesis: It was hypothesised that a drug can be administered into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint via a diverticulum of this joint that surrounds the medial aspect of the long digital extensor tendon and that this technique is more accurate than described techniques of centesis of this compartment. Methods: Twenty‐four stifles of 12 horses were divided equally into 4 groups and a radiocontrast medium injected into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of each group using a hypodermic needle inserted: 1) caudal to the lateral patellar ligament and proximal to the tibial plateau, 2) caudal to the long digital extensor tendon and proximal to the tibial plateau, 3) between the long digital extensor tendon and bone of the extensor groove of the tibia or 4) directly through the long digital extensor tendon until it contacted bone. Twelve veterinary students who had no experience using any of these techniques performed the injections. Accuracy of each technique was determined by examining radiographs obtained after injecting the contrast medium. Results: The most successful technique for arthrocentesis was by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon. This approach was successful in all attempted cases, whilst other techniques had lower rates of success. Conclusions: The lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint can be accessed accurately by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon as it lies within the extensor groove. Other techniques may not be as accurate for clinicians inexperienced in arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint.  相似文献   

17.
This experiment was aimed to study the nutritional content and value of the muscles of two mallards (White feather mallard and mallard),and provide basic data and theoretical basis for the development and utilization of mallard meat products.60 White feathered mallards and mallards (30 for each breed,half of male and female) were chosen,and the composition and content of pectoral muscle crude protein,crude fat,cholesterol,amino acids,fatty acids,trace elements and vitamins were determined according to national standards and the nutritional values of muscle were evaluated.The results showed that the content of crude protein in muscle of White feather mallard was significantly lower than that of mallard (P<0.05).17 kinds of amino acids with contents higher than 0.01% were detected in the muscles of the two kinds of mallards,among which the contents of threonine,histidine,serine and proline in the muscles of the White feather mallard were significantly higher than those of mallard (P<0.05).The contents of lysine,glutamate and arginine were significantly lower than those of mallard (P<0.05).13 kinds of fatty acids with contents higher than 0.01% were detected,and the contents of stearic acid and oleic acid were significantly lower than those of the mallard.9 mineral elements (sodium,magnesium,potassium,calcium,manganese,iron,copper,zinc and selenium) in two kinds of mallards were detected,and there was no significant difference between the two kinds of mallards (P>0.05).8 kinds of vitamins were detected,and the content of vitamin B1 in muscle of White feather mallard was significantly higher than that of mallard (P<0.05),but the contents of vitamin D and vitamin E were significantly lower than that of mallard (P<0.05).The ratio of amino acids in muscle of two kinds of mallards was close to the ideal model recommended by WHO,which was rich in mineral elements and vitamins for human body,and had a broad prospect of development and utilization.  相似文献   

18.
本试验旨在研究两种绿头鸭(白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭)肌肉营养组成和价值,为绿头鸭肉产品的开发利用提供基础数据和理论依据。选择白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭60只(每个品种各30只,公母各半),依照国家标准测定胸肌粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、胆固醇含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸、微量元素和维生素的组成和含量,并对胸肌进行氨基酸评价及脂肪酸营养价值评价。结果显示,白羽绿头鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著低于绿头鸭(P<0.05);两种绿头鸭肌肉中均检测到17种含量大于0.01%的氨基酸,其中白羽绿头鸭肌肉苏氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于绿头鸭(P<0.05),赖氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸含量显著低于绿头鸭(P<0.05);检测到13种含量均大于0.01%的脂肪酸,其中白羽绿头鸭硬脂酸和油酸含量显著低于绿头鸭(P<0.05);检测到9种矿物质元素(钠、镁、钾、钙、锰、铁、铜、锌和硒),两种绿头鸭差异不显著(P>0.05);检测到8种维生素,白羽绿头鸭肌肉维生素B1含量显著高于绿头鸭(P<0.05),维生素D和维生素E含量显著低于绿头鸭(P<0.05)。两种绿头鸭肌肉氨基酸比例接近世卫组织推荐的理想模式,富含人体所需的矿物质元素和维生素,具有广阔的开发利用前景。  相似文献   

19.
应用光镜和透射电镜技术,观察了3~6月龄比格犬甲状腺的显微和超微结构。结果表明,比格犬甲状腺实质由滤泡和滤泡旁细胞构成。滤泡呈圆形或椭圆形,直径20.22~220.00μm,平均90.80μm;由单层立方上皮细胞围成,细胞高度3.04~7.11μm,平均5.18μm,电镜下可见功能状态不同的两型滤泡上皮细胞;滤泡旁细胞很多,直径4.40~8.82μm,平均6.23μm,位于滤泡之间或镶嵌于滤泡上皮细胞之间,也可聚集在一起形成滤泡样结构,胞质内含有大量的分泌颗粒,电镜下也可见两种类型的滤泡旁细胞。  相似文献   

20.
A retrospective review of records of 205 cats with histologically confirmed disease of the spinal cord was performed to identify the prevalence of disease in this nonrandomly selected population of cats. Clinical records were reviewed, and age, duration of neurologic illness, and clinical and histopathologic findings in cats with spinal cord disease were abstracted. Disease processes were classified into 7 categories and 23 groups. The most common diseases affecting the spinal cord of cats were feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), lymphosarcoma (LSA), and neoplasia of the vertebral column secondarily affecting the spinal cord. Information on age, onset and duration of clinical signs, and lesion localization at the postmortem examination in cats belonging to the 7 categories of disease were analyzed to create a practical list of differential diagnoses. Cats were also subcategorized into 3 groups based on their age at death. FIP was the most common disease of cats younger than 2 years of age. LSA and vertebral column neoplasia were the most common diseases affecting cats between 2 and 8 years of age. Vertebral column neoplasia was the most common disease affecting cats older than 8 years of age. Results of this histopathologic study showed that FIP and LSA were the most common disease processes affecting the spinal cord of cats. However, at least 21 other groups of diseases and their relative prevalence were identified.  相似文献   

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