Ejaculation. Physiology and dysfunction.

In summary, important events of ejaculation include emission of sperm and the accessory gland fluids into the urethra, simultaneous closure of the bladder neck, and forceful ejaculation of the combined semen through the urethra. Emission and bladder neck closure are primarily alpha-adrenergically mediated thoracolumbar sympathetic reflex events with supraspinal modulation. Ejaculation is a sacralspinal reflex mediated by the pudendal nerve. In stallions, the most common ejaculation disorders are emission and ejaculation failure, and urine contamination of semen. Rare disorders are azoospermia and premature ejaculation. In a large percentage of cases, an ejaculation appears to be a result of musculoskeletal disorders or to be psychogenic in nature rather than attributable to specific ejaculatory dysfunction. Traditional therapeutic approaches for accommodating deficits can extend the breeding life of many stallions. Pharmacologic aids may be useful.     

草原3号杂花苜蓿新品系品比试验

选用草原2号和草原1号杂花苜蓿为对照,对草原3号杂花苜蓿新品系的生产性能进行了比较试验,为进一步的区域化试验及生产试验提供依据.     

The R.A.N.A. Scheme and Small Animal Practice—I. Integrating the R.A.N.A. Trainee and Graduate into Practice

Abstract— Calling on his own experience, the author reviews the position regarding the employment of lay helpers in small animal veterinary practice before the introduction of the Registered Animal Nursing Auxiliary Scheme.
The provisions of the scheme are broadly commented on and the various practical aspects of the employment of the trainee and graduate are discussed.
Résumé— –Se référant à sa propre expérience, l'auteur fait la critique de la situation relative à l'emploi d'aides non vétérinaires en médecine vétérinaire pour les petits animaux, avant l'introduction du projet sur les Auxiliaires Vétérinaires Diplômés.
Il discute grosso modo les articles du projet, ainsi que les divers aspects pratiques résultant de l'emploi des élèves Auxiliaires et des Auxiliaires Diplômés.
Zusammenfassung— Der Autor spricht aus eigener Erfahrung über die vor der Einführung des Systems der registrierten Tierpflegehelfer übliche Einstellung von Laiengehilfen in der Kleintier-praxis.
Es wird allgemein über die Bestimmungen des Systems, sowie über die verschiedenen praktischen Gesichtspunkte der Einstellung von studierenden oder ausgebildeten Helfern gesprochen.