颈静脉漏注氯化钙的处置方法

<正>静脉漏注氯化钙,临床上比较常见。在奶牛业生产中,奶牛的生产偏瘫率占奶牛病的50%以上,对奶牛业的危害很大,应引起足够的重视。奶牛的生产偏瘫,通常情况下是由于缺钙、缺磷导致。因钙质补充不足,或个别牛对钙的吸收不好常造成产前、产后瘫痪疾病,临床上治疗奶牛生产偏瘫常用的钙剂是葡萄糖酸钙注射液和氯化钙注射液,氯化钙含钙27.3%。治疗奶牛生产偏瘫常用补钙量为100kg体重补钙2.2g为宜,相当于5%氯化钙注射液161.2mL。一般500kg体重的牛治疗剂量为5%氯化钙注射液80mL,必须静脉注射。     

应用钙剂治疗奶牛生产瘫痪应注意的几个问题

奶牛的生产瘫痪率占奶牛病的５０％以上，对奶牛业的危害很大，应引起足够的重视。在临床实践中，因首次治疗计量不足，连续多次用药，总钙量严重超量或因一次钙量过大和未能监听心脏而致死的病例时有发生。结合临床实践体会，为了提高生产瘫痪的治愈率，应注意以下几个问题。１、早发现早治疗为了提高奶牛生产瘫痪的治愈率，及早诊断，并及早应用钙制剂治疗，治愈率高。２、剂量足临床上治疗生产瘫痪常使用的钙制剂是葡萄糖酸钙注射液和氯化钙注射液。葡萄糖酸钙含钙为９％，氯化钙含钙为２７．３％。治疗奶牛生产瘫痪常用的补钙量以每１０…     

奶牛产前产后静脉输钙的几点体会

妊娠奶牛产前、产后进行静脉输钙是目前兽医界广泛应用于临床预防奶牛低钙血症及生产瘫痪的主要方法。笔者10年来先后对26头妊娠奶牛产前、产后进行静脉注射葡萄糖酸钙注射液或氯化钙注射液,未发生1例生产瘫痪。现将体会总结如下。     

奶牛产前产后静脉输钙的体会

妊娠奶牛产前、产后进行静脉输钙是目前兽医界广泛应用于临床预防奶牛低钙血症及生产瘫痪的主要方法.本人经10年来先后对26头妊娠奶牛产前、产后进行静脉注射葡萄糖酸钙注射液或氯化钙注射液,没有1例发生生产瘫痪,体会如下.     

妊娠奶牛产前产后静脉输钙的几点体会

妊娠奶牛产前、产后进行静脉输钙是目前兽医界广泛应用于临床预防奶牛低钙血症及生产瘫痪的主要方法,广大奶牛户对此项措施也给予极大的重视,都主动求医。术人从1983年至1987年8月先后对127头妊娠奶牛产前、产后进行静脉、注射葡萄糖酸钙注射液或氯化钙注射液,没有1例发生生产瘫痪,体会如下。1.静脉输钙的时间:静脉注射葡萄糖酸钙注射液或氯化钙注射液以产前28天至7天为宜,对产后奶牛输钙以分娩后72小时之内为最佳时间。     

钙剂治疗奶牛瘫痪须注意

<正> 在临床中使用钙剂治疗奶牛生产瘫痪,应注意以下几个问题:1 发现病情要早应经常观察奶牛的生产和生活状况,一旦发现奶牛有动作迟缓、情绪不佳、食欲不振、奶量减少、品质下降等情况,应及时诊断,并及早应用钙剂进行治疗。2 计算剂量要准临床上治疗奶牛生产瘫痪,常使用的钙制剂是葡萄糖酸钙注射液和氯化钙注射液。1头500千克重的奶牛,治疗剂量为10%的葡萄糖酸钙注射液1222毫升,或5%的氯化钙注射液806毫升。3 钙剂用量要足首次静脉注射钙剂应采用稍大     

高产奶牛产后瘫痪的综合防治见析

崇信县铜城工业园区某奶牛养殖户发生了高产奶牛瘫痪，造成精神萎靡，食欲减退，四肢卧地不起，呈S状，经笔者诊断，确诊为奶牛产后瘫痪，又称为奶牛乳热病，是产后奶牛突然发生的严重钙代谢障碍性疾病。选用10%的葡萄糖酸钙，氢化可的松、奶牛产后大补液（钙磷镁钾糖注射液）、黄芪多糖注射液等以及针灸疗法取得了较好的的疗效，以供临床参考。     

奶牛生产瘫痪的治疗与预防

生产瘫痪是母牛分娩前后突然发生的一种严重的营养代谢性疾病。本病主要发生于高产奶牛,特别是产奶量最高的胎次(通常是在3~6胎次)最容易发生,初产母牛几乎不发病。本病多为散发,但复发率较高。对瘫痪母牛,即使在治疗顺利的情况下,病愈后产奶量平均下降10%。1治疗方法糖钙疗法:常用10%葡萄糖酸钙300~500毫升静脉注射,如在其中加上4%硼酸可以提高葡萄糖酸钙的溶解度和溶液稳定性,效果更佳;或用10%氯化钙100~200毫升静脉注射;为了防止发生低血糖症和低血镁症,可静脉注射50%葡萄糖500毫升,同时静注25%硫酸镁100毫升。钙制剂要注意注射速度,并且…     

牛流行热（三日热）的治疗

治疗:要早发现、早治疗。治疗手段包括解热、强心抗感染、输液、放血等。对于体温低于40.5℃、没有呼吸急促症状的病牛肌肉注射柴胡20~40mL,或清热解毒液30~50mL、30%安乃近30~40mL,病毒灵注射液2g或病毒唑注射液3g、青霉素钠400~600万单位,2~3次/d;对于体温高于40.5℃的病牛、体温低于45℃但有急促呼吸症状的病牛和病程稍长的牛,在肌肉注射上述药物时,先放血100~200mL,再静脉注射下列药物:葡萄糖盐水1000mL,10%的VC50mL,肌苷2g,庆大霉素100~120万单位,对呼吸极度困难的牛可同时输氧;对跛行的牛,可静脉注射10%的葡萄糖酸钙500~1000mL,10…     

钙剂治疗母兔产后瘫痪效果好

母兔产后瘫痪率占母兔产后疾病的40%以上,对养兔生产危害很大。笔者采取三项措施,提高了母兔产后瘫痪的治愈率。1.及时发现及时应用钙制剂治疗,治愈率高。2.钙制剂剂量一般每只母兔治疗剂量为10%葡萄糖酸钙5～10ml,每只每天用药1次,必须作耳部静脉注射,药液不能漏于血管外,以免     

不同水平饲料补饲泌乳期母羊对羔羊生长发育的效果对比

选择体重、胎次、预产期基本相近的青海高原毛肉兼用半细毛（以下简称青海半细毛羊）妊娠母羊120只,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组60只,在泌乳期内采用牧户传统自配饲料和全价精料补充饲料进行40d的补饲试验。试验表明：40日龄的羔羊只均增重试验组比对照组高0.98kg（P〈0.01）,增重幅度提高34.64%,平均日增重比对照组增加25.33g,提高39.12%（P〈0.0 1）。     

Treatment of field cases of East Coast fever with halofuginone lactate

In a series of field trials 48 (55%) of 88 field cases of East Coast fever treated with halofuginone lactate recovered and survived and 40 (45%) died while 31 (86%) of 36 untreated control animals died of East Coast fever and five (14%) recovered. For cases diagnosed and treated early a 100% recovery rate was achieved. A single dose at 1.2 mg/kg body weight per os was adequate. Recovery rate was only 36% for cases diagnosed and treated at an advanced stage. Such cases required two doses at 1.2 mg/kg or a combination of 1.2 and 2.4 mg/kg body weight given at about two days interval. The temperature dropped to normal levels within 48 h of treatment and schizonts started degenerating as early as 24 h after treatment and had disappeared by 48 to 72 h. Piroplasms were not affected by the drug. Recovered animals remained free of East Coast fever for periods up to 12 months of observation despite continuous tick challenge. It was concluded that, with early detection and treatment augmented with proper tick control, outbreaks of East Coast fever can be effectively controlled with halofuginone lactate.     

饲养方式对荷兰荷斯坦牛产奶量及乳成分的影响

选用胎次、体重及产奶量相近,处于泌乳中期的健康荷斯坦母牛34头,采用单因素随机区组设计划分为对照组和试验组。对照组17头,进行放牧饲养;试验组17头,进行放牧加精料补饲饲养,以研究荷兰两种典型饲养方式对荷斯坦奶牛产奶性能的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组产奶量增加12.42kg(P<0.01),乳糖含量提高0.14%(P<0.05),但本试验条件下,两种饲养方式未对乳蛋白率、乳糖含量及非脂乳固形物含量产生显著影响(P>0.05)。     

拜益生对奶牛隐性乳房炎、产奶量和乳品质的影响报告

[目的]为了研究拜益生对奶牛隐性乳房炎的预防作用及对奶牛产奶量和乳品质的影响。[方法]选择100头荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成10组,每组10头,其中5组为实验组,5组为对照组。从产前7d开始至产后60d,实验组每天每头牛添加拜益生40g,其余饲养管理与对照组完全一致。每15d测定一次产奶量,每个月测定一次DHI。[结果]表明:实验组日均产奶量与对照组比较,提高1.84～2.28kg/头.d-1,差异显著(P0.05);产后第30d,实验组牛奶的乳脂率和乳蛋白率比对照组分别提高0.4%、0.37%,差异极显著(P0.01);与对照组比,总固体率提高0.83%,体细胞数降低15.64万/mL,差异均显著(P0.05);产后第60d,实验组牛奶的乳脂率提高0.27%,体细胞数降低16.79万/mL,差异显著(P0.05),乳蛋白率和总固体较对照组均有不同程度的提高,但不显著。[结论]拜益生对提高奶牛的产奶量、改善牛奶品质和预防奶牛隐性乳房炎有积极的作用。     

Does porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus potentiate classical swine fever virus infection in weaner pigs?

Fifteen 6-week-old crossbred weaners weighing about 12 kg each were randomly divided into three groups of five animals each. One group of pigs was inoculated first with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus and then 3 days later with CSF virus. The second group received classical swine fever (CSF) virus, while the third group was inoculated with PRRS virus only. The aim of the experiment was to determine whether a primary PRRS virus infection influences the clinical outcome of experimentally induced CSF in young pigs. The PRRS virus infected weaners developed mild respiratory symptoms and recovered completely. All five weaners which were inoculated with CSF virus only showed severe clinical signs typical of the acute form of CSF. One pig had to be killed 15 days post-inoculation (p.i.); the remaining four died between the 18th and 22nd day p.i. The clinical course of the animals inoculated with both viruses was slightly different from that of the pigs that received only CSF virus. Four out of five pigs from the PRRS/CSF group became febrile and viraemic earlier than the animals which received CSF virus only. These pigs had to be killed 15-17 days post CSF virus inoculation. One animal in this group survived the acute phase of CSF and recovered completely. It was concluded that the observed divergences of the clinical courses would not have been noticed under field conditions. Therefore these findings cast doubt on the relevance of PRRS virus infection potentiating significantly the clinical outcome of CSF in young pigs.     

Does Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Potentiate Classical Swine Fever Virus Infection in Weaner Pigs?

Fifteen 6-week-old crossbred weaners weighing about 12 kg each were randomly divided into three groups of five animals each. One group of pigs was inoculated first with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus and then 3 days later with CSF virus. The second group received classical swine fever (CSF) virus, while the third group was inoculated with PRRS virus only. The aim of the experiment was to determine whether a primary PRRS virus infection influences the clinical outcome of experimentally induced CSF in young pigs. The PRRS virus infected weaners developed mild respiratory symptoms and recovered completely. All five weaners which were inoculated with CSF virus only showed severe clinical signs typical of the acute form of CSF. One pig had to be killed 15 days post-inoculation (p.i.); the remaining four died between the 18th and 22nd day p.i. The clinical course of the animals inoculated with both viruses was slightly different from that of the pigs that received only CSF virus. Four out of five pigs from the PRRS/CSF group became febrile and viraemic earlier than the animals which received CSF virus only. These pigs had to be killed 15–17 days post CSF virus inoculation. One animal in this group survived the acute phase of CSF and recovered completely. It was concluded that the observed divergences of the clinical courses would not have been noticed under field conditions. Therefore these findings cast doubt on the relevance of PRRS virus infection potentiating significantly the clinical outcome of CSF in young pigs.     

巨菌草与无糠壳高粱白酒糟混合青贮品质及营养成分变化

试验研究巨菌草与不同比例无糠壳高粱白酒糟混合青贮品质及营养成分变化。试验设对照组和3个水平(20%、40%、60%)的无糠壳高粱白酒糟处理组,青贮30 d后分析青贮品质和营养成分。结果表明:各酒糟添加处理组的pH值显著低于对照组(P<0.05),乳酸显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。60%的酒糟处理组的pH值最低,与40%的处理组差异不显著(P>0.05),40%处理组的乳酸含量最高。添加酒糟的各处理组的水溶性碳水化合物含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与青贮前相比,40%的酒糟处理组的干物质、粗蛋白损失相对最少,酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维下降比例最多。研究表明,40%的无糠壳高粱白酒糟与巨菌草混合青贮有利于提高青贮发酵品质和营养组分的保存。     

Cryptosporidiosis in veterinary students

Cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed in 10 veterinary students. Exposure to the pathogen was associated with direct contact with infected calves and contact with contaminated materials. Affected students had fever (50%), headache (50%), nausea (70%), diarrhea (80%), and vomiting (40%). Clinical signs persisted for 30 hours to 16 days after the onset of clinical signs of disease. Although one student required hospitalization, the remaining students recovered without treatment.     

Comparison of the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin or progesterone on pregnancy per artificial insemination in repeat-breeder dairy cows

Three different treatments were compared to improve pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) in repeat-breeder (RB) dairy cows. All cows (n = 103) were assigned to one of four groups: (1) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); (2) human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG); (3) once-used controlled internal drug release (CIDR) device; and (4) control. All treatments performed 5-6 days after artificial insemination (AI) and milk samples were collected just before treatment for progesterone assays. There were no significant differences in milk fat progesterone concentration among trial groups. Cows were observed for estrus signs thrice daily. Pregnancy per AI on day 45 in hCG and CIDR groups were significantly higher than GnRH and control groups (60.0% and 56.0% vs. 26.9% and 29.6%, respectively), but there were no differences in P/AI between GnRH and control groups. There were also no significant differences between hCG and CIDR groups. Milk fat progesterone concentrations were compared between pregnant and non-pregnant cows in each group and only in the hCG group it was significantly lower in pregnant cows. In conclusion, treating repeat-breeder cows with hCG or once-used CIDR 5-6 days after AI improved P/AI.     

益康XP对奶牛血浆内毒素含量及其他指标的影响

选取泌乳天数<40 d的健康奶牛 12头,按胎次、泌乳天数和产奶量相同或相似的原则,分为试验组和对照组。两组日粮组成相同,试验组牛每天添加益康XP的剂量为试验第1天至第7天500 g/(头·d),从第 8 天后减少到120 g/(头·d),分两次饲喂。试验期为60 d。于试验前 1 天,试验第 20 天,40天和第 60 天分别采血,用鲎试剂法测定血浆内毒素含量;定期测定日均产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和体细胞数;记录情期受胎率及疾病发生情况。结果表明,试验组奶牛在试验后第20天,第 40 天和第 60 天血浆内毒素均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);产奶量在第20天,第60天显著高于对照组(P<0.05);两组奶牛乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞数差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验组情期受胎率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);在疾病发生率方面,试验组极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。