磺胺二甲嘧啶单克隆抗体的制备及特性鉴定

采用重氮化法合成磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM_2)-人血清白蛋白(HSA)免疫抗原和SM_2~-卵清白蛋白(OVA)包被抗原。经紫外光谱扫描法确认SM_2与载体蛋白偶联成功；经计算SM_2与HSA、OVA的结合比分别为9：1和15：1。利用杂交瘤技术和有限稀释法经过5次亚克隆,得到三株特异性稳定分泌SM_2抗体的杂交瘤细胞,经鉴定该单克隆抗体免疫球蛋白亚类为IgG_1,为入链,分子量为162Ku,染色体数目90条左右,亲和常数为6．1×10~(12)M~(-1)。与其他四种磺胺药和两种载体蛋白HSA、OVA均无交叉反应。     

磺胺二甲嘧啶药物残留ELISA检测试剂盒的研制及初步应用

本试验旨在采用重氮化法合成的免疫抗原通过免疫BALB/c小鼠进行融合,获得高特异、高灵敏度的单克隆抗体。在建立磺胺二甲嘧啶单克隆抗体(SM2 mAb)杂交瘤细胞株和阻断ELISA的基础上,初步研制出一种一步法检测磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)的ELISA快速检测试剂盒(SM2-Kit)。结果表明:SM2-Kit检测范围为0.5～40.5μg/L,检测时间为30 min,IC50为1.4μg/L,最低检测限达0.1μg/L。经大量现场试验,猪肉组织最低检测限为1μg/kg,猪饲料最低检测限为1μg/kg,猪尿最低检测限为1.8μg/L,牛奶最低检测限为1.5μg/L,测试的回收率平均在70%～110%。     

猪组织和血浆中磺胺二甲嘧啶残留分布规律的数学模型分析

采用高效液相色谱法检测猪肌肉、肾脏、肝脏和血浆中的磺胺二甲嘧啶残留量,通过对饲料中磺胺二甲嘧啶添加量和组织、血浆中残留量回归关系不同数学模型的分析,确立残留分布的规律的最佳数学模型.饲料中SM2的添加量在100～300μg/g的范围内,饲料添加量与猪组织(肌肉、肾脏、肝脏)、血浆的残留数学模型分别为:y=0.241 6e0.006 1x;y=1.9691e0.002 5x;y=3.049 5e0.001 9x;y=4.386 2e0.003 7x.通过对猪活体血浆样品的检测,根据建立的最佳残留数学模型,可算出饲料中磺胺二甲嘧啶的添加量和肌肉、肾脏、肝脏中磺胺二甲嘧啶的残留量,实现活体的监测.     

磺胺二甲嘧啶与甲氧苄啶配伍治疗仔猪白痢的疗效试验

磺胺二甲嘧啶与甲氧苄啶以5∶1配伍制成复方磺胺二甲嘧啶片,治疗仔猪白痢,内服,用量25mg/kg·次（按磺胺二甲嘧啶计）,每日2次,有效率为92.9%。     

饲料中磺胺二甲嘧啶的检测-ELISA方法

本研究以磺胺二甲嘧啶的单克隆抗体为核心试剂建立ELISA检测方法,可检测鸡饲料和猪饲料中的磺胺二甲嘧啶。ELISA方法的标准曲线为:y=-29.448x 74.565,R2=0.9917,IC50=6.8ng/mL,线性范围为0.7～71.3ng/mL,检测限为0.3ng/mL。选择磷酸盐缓冲溶液(0.01mol/L,pH7.4)为提取溶剂,以0.1、1μg/g和10μg/g的浓度添加于空白的鸡和猪配合饲料时,其回收率为73.3～107.3%,变异系数为0.9%～19.2%。     

磺胺二甲嘧啶与甲氧苄啶配伍治疗仔猪白痢的疗效试验及分析

磺胺二甲嘧啶5份与甲氧苄啶1份配伍制成复方磺胺二甲嘧啶片，治疗仔猪白痢，内服，用量25mg／kg／次（按磺胺二甲嘧啶计），每日2次，有效率为92．9％。     

阿维菌素单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

将与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）偶联的阿维菌素人工合成抗原AVM-BSA免疫8周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠,利用杂交瘤技术获得了2株分泌抗阿维菌素特异性抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为2F2和2H10.生物学特性鉴定的结果表明,2株杂交瘤细胞株诱生腹水的效价为1∶6 400,分泌的抗体亚型均为IgM;间接竞争酶联免疫吸附试验结果表明,抗体的50%抑制质量浓度（IC50）为101 ng/mL,2株单克隆抗体与伊维菌素、多拉菌素、红霉素和白霉素均无交叉反应,证实单克隆抗体2H10具有很强的特异性,可用于阿维菌素药物残留免疫分析方法的建立.     

磺胺二甲嘧啶快速直接竞争ELISA试剂盒的研制及应用

在多克隆抗体的基础上研制一种用于检测动物源性食品中磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMZ)残留量的直接竞争酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)试剂盒,并与高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析方法比较和验证.将磺胺二甲嘧啶添加到猪肝、猪肉和鸡肉样品中,用所制备的试剂盒和HPLC分析方法检测样品中的磺胺二甲嘧啶残留,并对试剂盒的灵敏度、特异性、精密度、准确度和有效期进行测定.研究结果表明,磺胺二甲嘧啶浓度在0.5～50 ng·mL-1,方法的检测灵敏度IC10 =0.47 ng·mL-1,板内平均变异系数为7.4％,板间平均变异系数为9.27％.猪肝、猪肉与鸡肉组织样品中SMZ最低检测限分别为3.91、4.81与1.59 μg·kg1.在添加10.0～50.0 μg·kg-1时,平均回收率在85％～110％.试剂盒的检测时间为12.6 min,在4℃至少可以保存6个月.研制的试剂盒可以满足猪肝、猪肉和鸡肉中磺胺二甲嘧啶残留的现场快速检测.     

磺胺二甲嘧啶与地克珠利治疗塞北兔球虫病的效果比较研究

为探讨磺胺二甲嘧啶与地克珠利对塞北兔自然感染球虫病的治疗效果.试验选取日龄、营养状况、发病程度一致、体重差异性不显著的30只塞北兔为试验动物,将其随机分成3组,A组(磺胺二甲嘧啶组)、B组(地克珠利组)、C组(空白对照组),每组10只.向A组饮水中添加500 mg/kg磺胺二甲嘧啶,向B组饲料中添加2 mg/kg地克珠...     

磺胺间甲氧嘧啶单克隆抗体的制备

磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(Sulfamonomethoxine,SMM)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联,制备完全抗原(BSA-SMM),并以BSA-SMM免疫Balb/c小鼠,应用杂交瘤技术将免疫鼠脾细胞与NSO细胞融合,建立分泌SMM单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。通过对杂交瘤细胞培养上清液的检测、鉴定,筛选出12株高亲和力的杂交瘤细胞株,其中4B9、1H10、2E9的腹水ELISA效价为1×10-7、5.1×10-6和1×10-7。该单克隆抗体可用于饲料和动物源性食品中磺胺间甲氧嘧啶残留检测的免疫学快速检测方法的建立。     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Prevalence and Intensity of Helminth and Coccidial Infections in Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.     

Hypothalamic dopamine is required for salsolinol‐induced prolactin secretion in goats

The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and salsolinol (SAL) for the secretion of prolactin (PRL) in goats. SAL or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) was intravenously injected into female goats treated with or without the D₂ DA receptor antagonist haloperidol (Hal), which crosses the blood‐brain barrier, and the PRL‐releasing response to SAL was compared with that to TRH. PRL‐releasing responses to SAL, Hal, and Hal plus SAL were also examined after a pretreatment to augment central DA using carbidopa (Carbi) and L‐dopa. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal alone was greater than that to SAL or TRH alone. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus SAL was similar to that of Hal alone. In contrast, the PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus TRH was greater than that to TRH or Hal alone. The treatment with Carbi plus L‐dopa inhibited SAL‐ and Hal‐induced PRL secretion. The inhibition of the PRL‐releasing response to SAL disappeared when SAL was injected with Hal. These results indicate that the mechanisms underlying the SAL‐induced PRL response differ from those of TRH, and suggest that hypothalamic DA and its synthesis is associated in part with SAL‐induced PRL secretion in goats.     

Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory diseases of cattle

The authors describe the procedure of laboratory diagnosis for bovine respiratory diseases: direct diagnosis by isolation and for identification of bacteria or viruses and indirect diagnosis by serological methods. They specify the restraints and limits of this diagnosis and the significance results which are obtained and connected with knowledge of anamnestic information.     

The effect of peri-parturient anthelmintic treatment on the productivity of dairy cattle in subtropical western India

Trials with fenbendazole (Panacur, Hoechst India Ltd) were carried out on two commercial farms in subtropical western India to study the response and economics of nematode treatment in adult dairy cows. Milk yield, lactation length, time to first oestrus and worm egg output were monitored in treated and control groups. Treatment reduced the egg count considerably. Treated cows produced 142 litres more milk over 100 days (p<0.05), with extension of lactation length and advancement of time to first oestrus. The economic gain in terms of milk yield far outweighed the cost of anthelmintic used.     

An Evaluation of the Acceptability as Forage of Some Nutritive and Antinutritive Components and of the Dry Matter Degradation Profiles of Five Species of Ficus

The suitability of five species of Ficus, F. mucoso, F. thonningii, F. polita, F. religiosa and F. benjamina, for feeding ruminant livestock was studied. The nutritive and antinutritive components were determined and the acceptability of the forages to livestock was assessed using a cafeteria method in 8 adult small ruminants. Also, the degradation potential of the dry matter of the five Ficus species was investigated using 3 fistulated sheep. The crude protein (CP) content of the Ficus species varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 130 to 180 g/kg DM. The content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) also varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 650 to 710 g/kg DM. The organic matter (OM) contents did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), having a mean value of 916 g/kg DM. The concentrations of tannin, saponin, phytic acid and oxalic acid were low. The acceptability of the forage was similar for four of the species but poor for F. polita. The extent of DM degradation varied significant among the Ficus species, the ranking order being F. benjamina > F. thonningii > F. mucoso > F. religiosa > F. polita.