荷斯坦奶牛IFN-α基因的克隆表达和抗病毒活性分析

本研究通过 PCR从荷斯坦奶牛基因组 DNA中克隆了 IFN- α(Bo IFN- α)基因 ,PCR产物双酶切后与载体 PQE30连接 ,构建重组质粒 PQE30 /Bo IFN- α,进行测序和诱导表达。测序结果表明 ,荷斯坦奶牛 IFN- α基因全长为 4 98个核苷酸 ,含一个ORF,编码 16 6个氨基酸的成熟蛋白 ,与所报道的 Bo IFN- αA亚型只存在一个点变异。表达产物经 SDS- PAGE和 Western blot分析 ,表达出 2 0 KD的融合蛋白 ,表达量占菌体总蛋白的 2 2 % ,表达产物以包涵体形式存在 ,约占沉淀蛋白的 32 %。包涵体提取物经尿素变性、透析复性后初步纯化 ,重组牛 IFN- α(r Bo IFN- α)初提物在牛肾细胞 (MDBK) /水泡性口炎病毒 (VSV)和鸡胚成纤维细胞 (CEF) /VSV细胞系上的活性分别为和 1.0～ 2 .3× 10 6 U/mg和 1.3～ 2 .6× 10 5U/mg,对传染性牛鼻气管炎病毒 (IBRV)感染有一定的抑制作用 ,抗病毒活性为 7.8× 10 5U /mg。结果显示大肠杆菌可以高效表达具有生物学活性的 r Bo IFN-α。     

水貂IFN-α基因的克隆与原核表达

从水貂基因组中通过PCR的方法克隆得到干扰素α基因(IFN-α),将IFN-β成熟肽插入原核表达载体pET32a,在E.coliBL21(DE3)工程菌中表达重组蛋白。结果表明IFN-β片段长564 bp,与已报道的水貂干扰素-α基因相比同源性98%。IFN-α成熟肽可编码166个氨基酸。重组质粒经ITPG诱导6 h后蛋白表达产物较高,表达量占菌体表达量的50%,分子量约为36 ku,与预期结果相符。     

吉林白鹅α干扰素在大肠杆菌中的表达及抗病毒活性检测

用PCR方法扩增了吉林白鹅α干扰素(IFN-α)成熟肽编码序列,将IFN-α片段定向插入原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1中,构建重组质粒pGEX-IFN-α,将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞里,在IPTG诱导下表达可溶性的融合蛋白(GST-IFN-α)。SDS-PAGE、Western-blot检测结果表明,重组吉林白鹅IFN-α融合蛋白(rGoIFN-α)的分子量大小约为43ku,能与IFN-α抗血清发生特异性结合反应。重组吉林白鹅α干扰素经谷胱甘肽Sepharose-4B亲和柱层析纯化后,在鸭胚成纤维细胞上抗鹅细小病毒的活性为3.32×105 U/mg,本试验结果表明,该表达系统能够表达重组鹅α干扰素,且表达的重组鹅α干扰素具有一定的抗病毒活性。     

鸡α-干扰素基因的克隆与原核表达

根据Genbank中发表鸡α-干扰素基因序列设计一对引物,采用PCR法从SPF鸡的全血白细胞中克隆了α-干扰素基因(ChIFN-α)。序列分析结果显示,与已发表的ChIFN-α的同源性在98.1%以上,与其他禽类的IFN-α同源性在67.4%以上,其中与火鸡IFN-α同源性在89.8%,而与鸭α干扰素同源性仅为67.4%。将该基因连接到原核表达载体pET-28a上,构建重组表达质粒,转入BL21,IPTG诱导后SDS-PAGE分析,可见一条约19ku的清晰蛋白带,结果表明克隆的ChIFN-α基因在原核中获得表达。     

重组扬州鹅IFN-α的表达与活性研究

为获得具有抗病毒活性的鹅干扰素,本实验参考GenBank中鹅IFN-α基因序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法扩增扬州鹅IFN-α的全基因。将去除信号肽的IFN-α克隆至pET32a(+)以构建pET-mGoIFN-α,重组菌经IPTG诱导表达重组蛋白,纯化后的蛋白(mGoIFN-α)免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用ELISA方法测定小鼠血清抗体效价,westernblot检测抗体特异性。同时,将IFN-α全长基因克隆至pcDNA3.1(-)以构建pcDNA-GoIFN-α,间接免疫荧光试验检测rGoIFN-α在鹅胚成纤维细胞(GEF)中的表达,细胞病变抑制法检测其抗水泡性口炎病毒(VSV)活性。结果显示:本研究扩增得到576bp的扬州鹅IFN-α全基因与486bp的成熟基因片段;原核表达的mGoIFN-α为36.3ku,免疫小鼠后可产生具有良好特异性与抗原活性的多克隆抗体,效价为1:16000;pcDNA-GoIFN-α可在GEF中表达,并具有较高的抗VSV活性。本研究为制备安全、高效的重组鹅干扰素,为研制鹅病毒性疾病的新型生物制剂奠定了基础。     

重组牛α-干扰素的原核表达与纯化

为在大肠杆菌表达系统中高效表达牛α-干扰素(bovine interferon-α,Bo IFN-α),将经密码子优化后的牛α-干扰素成熟蛋白基因合成并克隆到表达载体p Cold II中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,获得可溶性的表达蛋白。对重组菌表达条件进行优化,结果显示在IPTG浓度为0.64 mmol/L,诱导温度为15℃,诱导时间为9 h的条件下,可溶性目的蛋白的表达量最高。重组蛋白经镍柱纯化后的纯度为99.2%,表达量为36 mg/L菌液。重组蛋白在MDBK细胞上抗水泡性口炎病毒的活性为1×106U/mg。     

鲁西黄牛α干扰素基因的原核表达及其抗血清的制备

采用PCR方法从鲁西黄牛基因组DNA中克隆了α干扰素(BoIFN-α)基因,并插入到pET32a+中,构建成重组原核表达质粒pET32a+/BoIFN-α,进行测序和诱导表达.测序结果表明,鲁西黄牛IFN-α基因全长498 个核苷酸,含1个开放阅读框(ORF),编码166 个氨基酸的成熟蛋白,与已报道的牛α干扰素C亚型氨基酸组成同源性为97.6%.表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析,表达出40 ku的融合蛋白,表达量占菌体总蛋白的26.7%.表达产物经镍离子螯合次氨基三乙酸(Ni-NTA)亲和层析纯化,纯化产物进行复性后免疫昆明系小鼠2次,制备高滴度的牛IFN-α抗血清.结果从鲁西黄牛中克隆了IFN-α基因的一种新亚型,即BoIFN-α C2,实现了高效表达和纯化,并制备了鼠抗牛IFN-α,为重组牛干扰素的开发奠定了基础.     

IFN-α对山羊副流感病毒3型的抗病毒活性

旨在探讨原核表达纯化的山羊α干扰素(IFN-α)对山羊副流感病毒3型(CPIV3)的抗病毒活性。通过分析山羊IFN-α的序列特点,比对不同种属IFN-α的同源性,进而构建山羊IFN-α成熟蛋白编码基因(去除信号肽基因序列)的原核表达载体pET-30a-gIFN-α,将其转化至感受态细胞Rosetta (DE3),IPTG诱导后镍柱及亲和纯化获得山羊IFN-α。利用RT-qPCR测定山羊IFN-α作用于牛肾细胞(Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell, MDBK cell)后6种干扰素刺激基因(interferon-stimulated genes, ISGs)的相对表达水平;同时,利用TCID₅₀及Western blot测定其对CPIV3的抗病毒活性。结果表明,原核表达的山羊IFN-α蛋白含量为0.20 mg·mL^-1,Western blot结果表明表达产物相对分子质量约为20 ku,与预期结果相符。RT-qPCR结果显示,山羊IFN-α孵育MDBK细胞后,可显著刺激RSAD2、STAT1及ISG15等6种ISGs基...     

猪干扰素α-1基因的原核表达与多克隆抗体制备

[目的]利用大肠杆菌原核表达系统对猪干扰素α-1(Po IFNα-1)基因进行表达,制备Po IFNα-1重组蛋白多克隆抗体。[方法]根据Gen Bank发表的Po IFNα-1核苷酸序列,合成密码子优化的Po IFNα-1基因,构建Po IFNα-1基因的p ET-28a原核表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)宿主菌后,利用IPTG进行诱导表达。表达的Po IFNα-1重组蛋白纯化后,免疫昆明系小鼠,制备多克隆抗体。采用Western blot技术检测Po IFNα-1重组蛋白的多克隆抗体与天然Po IFNα-1的反应性。[结果]合成的Po IFNα-1基因在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)宿主菌中成功表达,针对Po IFNα-1重组蛋白的多克隆抗体能够识别天然的猪干扰素α-1。[结论]合成的Po IFNα-1基因在大肠杆菌中获得了成功表达,为后续研究奠定了基础。     

犬α-干扰素蛋白原核表达及条件优化

根据GenBank发表的犬α-干扰素(IFN-α)基因核酸序列(EF990625),去掉信号肽后设计并合成1对引物,利用PCR技术从犬肝脏基因组DNA中扩增犬α-干扰素基因,并克隆至表达载体pBV220,经过PCR、酶切、测序鉴定后转化DH-5α、BL2、Rosetta原核表达系统,通过不同宿主菌及不同诱导时间等条件优化,确定蛋白在DH-5α宿主菌中诱导4h表达量最高,表达量约为32%。本试验的完成为蛋白的进一步纯化奠定了基础。     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Prevalence and Intensity of Helminth and Coccidial Infections in Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.     

Hypothalamic dopamine is required for salsolinol‐induced prolactin secretion in goats

The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and salsolinol (SAL) for the secretion of prolactin (PRL) in goats. SAL or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) was intravenously injected into female goats treated with or without the D₂ DA receptor antagonist haloperidol (Hal), which crosses the blood‐brain barrier, and the PRL‐releasing response to SAL was compared with that to TRH. PRL‐releasing responses to SAL, Hal, and Hal plus SAL were also examined after a pretreatment to augment central DA using carbidopa (Carbi) and L‐dopa. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal alone was greater than that to SAL or TRH alone. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus SAL was similar to that of Hal alone. In contrast, the PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus TRH was greater than that to TRH or Hal alone. The treatment with Carbi plus L‐dopa inhibited SAL‐ and Hal‐induced PRL secretion. The inhibition of the PRL‐releasing response to SAL disappeared when SAL was injected with Hal. These results indicate that the mechanisms underlying the SAL‐induced PRL response differ from those of TRH, and suggest that hypothalamic DA and its synthesis is associated in part with SAL‐induced PRL secretion in goats.     

Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory diseases of cattle

The authors describe the procedure of laboratory diagnosis for bovine respiratory diseases: direct diagnosis by isolation and for identification of bacteria or viruses and indirect diagnosis by serological methods. They specify the restraints and limits of this diagnosis and the significance results which are obtained and connected with knowledge of anamnestic information.     

The effect of peri-parturient anthelmintic treatment on the productivity of dairy cattle in subtropical western India

Trials with fenbendazole (Panacur, Hoechst India Ltd) were carried out on two commercial farms in subtropical western India to study the response and economics of nematode treatment in adult dairy cows. Milk yield, lactation length, time to first oestrus and worm egg output were monitored in treated and control groups. Treatment reduced the egg count considerably. Treated cows produced 142 litres more milk over 100 days (p<0.05), with extension of lactation length and advancement of time to first oestrus. The economic gain in terms of milk yield far outweighed the cost of anthelmintic used.     

An Evaluation of the Acceptability as Forage of Some Nutritive and Antinutritive Components and of the Dry Matter Degradation Profiles of Five Species of Ficus

The suitability of five species of Ficus, F. mucoso, F. thonningii, F. polita, F. religiosa and F. benjamina, for feeding ruminant livestock was studied. The nutritive and antinutritive components were determined and the acceptability of the forages to livestock was assessed using a cafeteria method in 8 adult small ruminants. Also, the degradation potential of the dry matter of the five Ficus species was investigated using 3 fistulated sheep. The crude protein (CP) content of the Ficus species varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 130 to 180 g/kg DM. The content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) also varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 650 to 710 g/kg DM. The organic matter (OM) contents did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), having a mean value of 916 g/kg DM. The concentrations of tannin, saponin, phytic acid and oxalic acid were low. The acceptability of the forage was similar for four of the species but poor for F. polita. The extent of DM degradation varied significant among the Ficus species, the ranking order being F. benjamina > F. thonningii > F. mucoso > F. religiosa > F. polita.     

Macrolides and lincosamides

Macrolides and lincosamides are first choice bacteriostatic antibiotics used in veterinary dermatology. The main antibiotics in these classes are erythromycin, lincomycin, clindamycin and tylosin. They are well absorbed if given orally and are able to penetrate well into infected skin. Their spectrum of action comprises bacteria commonly associated with skin infections, including staphylococci. Their main disadvantages are the rapid development of bacterial resistance and occasional gastroenteric upset, most often seen with erythromycin. More recently developed macrolides, such as azithromycin and clarithomycin, are bactericidal, have a larger spectrum of action, a longer endurance, less resistance and may be given once a day instead of two or three times daily.