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1.
6株乳酸菌体外抑菌实验   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
实验室或临床实践研究表明 ,乳酸菌对肠道细菌如大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌等引起的肠道感染、腹泻等疾病有保护预防性作用 [1,2 ,3 ,4 ] 。乳酸菌代谢后产物对致病菌的拮抗作用及竞争排斥作用被认为是产生上述功能的主要因素。乳酸菌拮抗作用产生的原因是多方面的 :( 1 )乳酸菌产生过氧化氢 ,对病原菌有抑菌作用[5] 。( 2 )乳酸菌产酸 ,如乙酸、丙酸、乳酸等 ,酸对有害菌起生长抑制作用 [6,7]。 ( 3)乳酸菌产抗生素或细菌素类物质 ,对有害菌有杀菌作用 [7,8,9] 。 ( 4 )乳酸菌与小肠粘膜上皮细胞结合 ,占据有害菌小肠粘膜上皮细胞结合位点 ,对有害…  相似文献   

2.
乳酸菌剂对断奶仔猪肠道生理指标的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
当前,抗生素的耐药性及内源感染等问题使人们将更多注意力集中在寻找残留少、污染小的饲料添加剂,益生素作为其中之一,其生理功能及作用机理成为世界各国相关行业的研究热点.益生素又称活菌制剂,是对动物有益的微生物制剂.乳酸菌作为其中一种,可调节动物消化道微生物区系平衡、改变pH、提高消化酶活性、抑制肠道有害微生物生长,对宿主的营养、免疫应答、生物拮抗及生长等方面均产生有利影响.本试验通过在饲料中以不同方式添加乳酸菌,研究其对断奶仔猪消化道的影响,从而对乳酸菌类微生态剂的作用机理进行探讨.  相似文献   

3.
芽孢乳酸茵类微生态制剂在畜牧业中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
芽孢乳酸菌既具有芽孢菌的特点,又有乳酸菌的优势,可作为一种新型的微生物添加剂开发和应用.本文简要介绍了芽孢乳酸菌类益生素的益生作用以及国内外研究、开发和应用情况及存在的问题.  相似文献   

4.
益生素对新西兰肉兔生长发育的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
益生素是一种对动物机体健康有益的微生物饲料添加剂 ,在消化道内通过竞争性排斥作用抑制病原菌 ,维持肠道微生区系的平衡 ,提高动物免疫力 ,且没有使用抗生素所产生的副作用。在益生素产品中 ,大量使用的乳酸菌 ,这种菌将乳糖转化为乳酸 ,因而降低肠道的pH值 ,抑制大肠杆菌等致病菌的繁殖 ,但乳酸菌一般不耐高温 ,易在饲料颗粒化过程的瞬间高温中被杀死 ,所以很多人更倾向于使用芽孢杆菌 ,这种菌在条件不利的情况下 ,也能产生芽孢 ,将自己保护起来 ,耐酸、耐盐和耐高温 ,在条件适宜时 ,重新萌发 ,具有很高的稳定性。它在肠道中 ,降低大肠…  相似文献   

5.
芽孢乳酸菌类微生态制剂在畜牧业中的应用   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
芽孢乳酸菌既具有芽孢菌的特点,又有乳酸菌的优势,可作为一种新型的微生物添加剂开发和应用。本文简要介绍了芽孢乳酸菌类益生素的益生作用以及国内外研究、开发和应用情况及存在的问题。  相似文献   

6.
益生素     
<正>益生素是采用农业部认可的动物肠道有益生物发酵、纯化、干燥而精制的打电报合生物制剂,是减少或替代抗生素的理想绿色添加剂。益生素能产生有益的代谢产物,抑制有害菌的生长,防止有毒物质的积累,刺激免疫系统,强化特异性细胞免疫反应,减少动物粪便中的氨排放量,降低氧气浓度,减少污染。益生素可分为普通益生素,加酶益生素,产酶益生素,活菌益生素,改良益生素。  相似文献   

7.
益生素对肉鸡生产性能和一些生理生化指标影响的研究   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
傅义刚  郑诚 《饲料工业》1997,18(5):39-40
益生素对肉鸡生产性能和一些生理生化指标影响的研究华南农业大学傅义刚郑诚1材料与方法1.1试验用益生素采用广州景泰生物工程有限公司生产的强力益生素,其菌种是从国外引进的典型益生素菌株芽孢杆菌和乳酸菌。实测产品活菌总数为8×108CFU/g。1.2饲养试...  相似文献   

8.
产酶益生素对肉鸡增重及鸡舍环境的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
产酶益生素是益生素产品的升级换代产品,主要成分为高酶活特性的枯草芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、中草药及载体等,活菌总数≥1×108个/g。为了验证产酶益生素对肉仔鸡的作用效果,为在提高鸡的生产性能的同时解决鸡舍空气环境污染问题,设计了此项试验。1材料与方法1.1材料产酶益生素,由山  相似文献   

9.
益生素研究进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
对益生素的分类 ,乳酸菌类益生素的作用机理及益生素在动物生产中的应用效果进行了综述。  相似文献   

10.
乳酸菌(Lactic acid bacteria)是一类革兰氏阳性杆菌或球菌、不形成芽孢、不运动、过氧化氢酶阴性、对葡萄糖发酵能产生50%以上乳酸的细菌的总称。乳酸菌在自然界分布广泛,在动植物体表、乳制品、发酵植物食品中都有分布。乳酸菌能分泌乳糖酶,代谢产物乳酸能促进机体消化食物,提供某些维生素;乳酸菌的合成产物中的短链脂肪酸(如乳酸、醋酸等)可以抑制其他有害菌或由此降低环境中的pH值和氧化还原电位,形成不利于有害菌的生存环境;乳酸菌产生的细菌素对病原菌和腐败菌有抑制作用。乳酸菌生产的多种多糖,对细胞有保护和支持作用。有些乳酸菌…  相似文献   

11.
Recent interest has focused on the importance of intestinal immunity for the host defense, but to date, not much is known about the underlying mechanisms. The toll‐like receptor (TLR) family plays an important role in host defense through recognizing bacterial pathogen‐associated molecular patterns. Our recent research on the physiological function of food products has investigated the immunoregulatory effects of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) via TLR. Studies of swine, which often substitute for a human model, have demonstrated intestinal immunoregulation by the probiotic LAB mediated by TLR in the gut. On the basis of our study, efforts have also been made to develop a molecular immunoassay system for probiotic LAB and find novel immunostimulatory DNA sequences from probiotics and high potential immunobiotic LAB strains via TLR signaling. These findings may provide important clues at the molecular level on TLR signal transduction pathways and recognition mechanisms for the ligands. They also provide impetus to further delineate the activation mechanism of the innate immune response. In addition to identifying immunoregulatory factor immunogenics from LAB, a better understanding of intestinal immune regulation through cytokine networks holds out promise for basic food immunology research and the development of immunobiotic foods to prevent specific diseases.  相似文献   

12.
Adhesion of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been reported to be host species specific. Host specificity is regarded as a desirable property for probiotic bacteria and therefore recommended as one of the selection criteria. However, previous studies have indicated that LAB originating from one host adhere well also to the mucus of other species. The aim of the study was to investigate the host specificity of LAB adhesion in human, canine, possum, bird and fish mucus in vitro. An in vitro mucus adhesion model was utilized in this study using immobilized mucus from faeces or intestinal material of these hosts. The results indicate that the adhesion trait was not host specific but rather was characteristic to LAB species. In conclusion, mucus adhesion properties are more dependent on the LAB strain than on the host. This suggests that animal models in probiotic adhesion assays may be more applicable to other species than thought earlier. Positive health effects facilitated by adherent probiotics in humans may also denote the possibility of similar outcome in other species and vice versa.  相似文献   

13.
乳酸菌属于兼性厌氧性革兰阳性菌,可产生乳酸、酶等多种活性因子,具有维持肠道内菌群平衡、提高机体免疫力、促进营养物质吸收等多种功能,是当前作为动物饲料添加剂最受关注及应用最广泛的益生菌之一。概述了乳酸菌的生物学特性及其在动物营养中的应用,旨在为动物营养的试验研究和生产实践提供一定的科学理论依据。  相似文献   

14.
In the present study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the cecum of chickens bred either under intensive (commercial broilers) or extensive (free-range) conditions were isolated, identified and some of their probiotic characteristics determined. The LAB identified by 16S-23S rRNA PCR-ARDRA were mainly of Lactobacillus species and to a lesser extent of Enterococcus spp. for all animals. Free-range chickens showed a higher presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus while Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus johnsonii were more frequently recovered from commercial broilers. Lactobacillus crispatus was found only in commercial broilers, Lactobacillus vaginalis and Lactobacillus agilis only in free-range chickens and Lactobacillus salivarius in both types. Enterococcus isolates from ceca of commercial broilers showed a higher resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Lactobacillus isolates from free-range chickens presented a higher frequency of in vitro antagonistic activity against selected pathogens than from commercial broilers. All LAB isolates had predominantly non-hydrophobic surfaces, but with variations depending on age of the chickens and breeding conditions. Animal breeding caused variation on composition, antimicrobial susceptibility, antagonistic activity and surface hydrophobicity of LAB from chicken cecum. LAB isolates from ceca of free-range chickens have potential as probiotic agents, which may be used in the future as replacing the use of antimicrobials as growth promoters.  相似文献   

15.
Selected probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been shown to elicit positive health effects particularly in humans. Competitive exclusion of pathogens is one of the most important beneficial health claims of probiotic bacteria. The effect of probiotic LAB on competitive exclusion of pathogens has been demonstrated in humans, chicken and pigs. In this study we evaluated the ability of certain LAB strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12, Lactobacillus pentosus UK1A, L. pentosus SK2A, Enterococcus faecium M74 and E. faecium SF273) to inhibit the adhesion of selected canine and zoonotic pathogens (Staphylococcus intermedius, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter jejuni) to immobilised mucus isolated from canine jejunal chyme in vitro. Adhesion of C. perfringens was reduced significantly by all tested LAB strains, between 53.7 and 79.1% of the control without LAB, the LAB of canine origin yielding the best reduction. The adhesion of S. Typhimurium and S. intermedius were not significantly altered by any of the LAB included in the study. Both enterococci tested significantly enhanced the adhesion of C. jejuni, to 134.6 and 205.5% of the control without LAB. E. faecium may thus favor the adhesion and colonization of C. jejuni in the dog's intestine, making it a potential carrier and possibly a source for human infection. Enhanced C. jejuni adhesion is a new potential risk factor of enterococci. Our results further emphasize the importance of safety guidelines to be established for the probiotics intended for animal use.  相似文献   

16.
Before weaning, dairy calves are susceptible to many pathogens which can affect their subsequent performance. The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been identified as a tool to maintain the intestinal microbial balance and to prevent the establishment of opportunistic pathogenic bacterial populations. However, a consensus has not been reached as to whether probiotics may be effective in reducing the prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases in young calves. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effect of probiotics on diarrhea incidence and the intestinal microbial balance. LAB supplementation has been shown to exert a protective effect and to reduce the incidence of diarrhea (relative risk, RR=0.437, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.251-0.761). In the subanalysis, this protective effect of the probiotics against diarrhea was observed only in trials that used whole milk (RR=0.154, 95% CI 0.079-0.301) and trials that used multistrain inocula (RR=0.415, 95% CI 0.227-0.759). Probiotics did not improve the fecal characteristics (standardized mean difference, SMD=-0.4904, 95% CI -1.011-0.035) and were unable to change the LAB:coliforms ratio (SMD=0.016, 95% CI -0.701-0.733). Probiotics showed a beneficial impact on the LAB:coliforms ratio in the subanalysis that included trials that used whole milk (SMD=0.780, 95% CI 0.141-1.418) and monostrain inocula (SMD=0.990, 95% CI 0.340-1.641). The probability of significant effects (probiotic positive effect) in a new study was >0.70 for diarrhea and fecal consistency. Whole milk feeding improved the action of the probiotic effect on the incidence of diarrhea and LAB:coliforms ratio. The probability to find significant effects in the diarrhea frequency and LAB:coliforms ratio was higher (P>0.85) if the new studies were conducted using whole milk to feed calves. This paper defines the guidelines to standardize the experimental designs of future trials. LAB can be used as growth promoters in calves instead of antibiotics to counteract the negative effects of their widespread use.  相似文献   

17.
In the present review, a new mass screening system for selecting probiotic strains from Lactobacillus (L) acidophilus group lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with strong adhesion to the human intestinal tract is described. Characteristics of antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocin), lactose‐hydrolyzing enzymes and immunostimulative oligo DNA motifs in L. gasseri strains are also described. Finally, the use of L. acidophilus LAB, selected by our screening method, that have strong adhesion to the human colonic mucosa in functional yogurt products is described. Adhesiveness to the human intestine is one of the most important characteristics of probiotic LAB. A new screening system that involves a combination of three methods is proposed: rat colonic mucin (RCM)‐micro plate assay, Carnoy's histochemical staining method and carbohydrate probe binding assay. By using an RCM‐coated poly‐vinylidene‐diflouride membrane that mimics the human colonic mucous layer, a new lectin was isolated and its structure was clarified by gene cloning. Furthermore, the structures and functions of a new cyclic bacteriocin (gassericin A), new lactose‐hydrolyzing enzymes, and new immunostimulating oligo DNA motifs from Lactobacillus gasseri (B1 subgroup) were clarified. A new functional yogurt ‘Fit down’ is proposed, that is fermented by an adhesive strain of L. acidophilus LA67 selected by our screening and contains antihypertensive peptides derived from whey proteins by protease digestion. In the future, superior functional foods containing more effective probiotic LAB are expected to be developed by the use of the proposed mass screening system.  相似文献   

18.
Based on the natural benefits of the indigenous microbiota, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from poultry origin were isolated from hens and broilers intestine, and their probiotic potential was further studied. The tolerance to digestion, adhesion, capture of a mannose-binding lectin, absence of virulent factors and antibiotic resistances were studied. Different in vitro and ex vivo assays were performed to select tolerant and adherent strains because standardized protocols have not been defined. Fourteen strains highly tolerant to gastrointestinal digestion were genetically identified. Hydrophobic surfaces were not required for the bacterial adhesion and only nine strains adhered ex vivo to the intestinal mucosa. Three strains captured a lectin of the same specificity of Type-1 fimbriae. Virulence factors were absent but some strains evidenced multiple antibiotic resistances. These results provide bases for a future standardization of methods for the selection of probiotic strains intended to reinforce the microbiota of newly hatched chickens.  相似文献   

19.
The present study describes the screening of five lactic acid bacteria (LAB) for use as probiotics based on their competitive adhesion and production of antagonistic substances against some fish pathogens. A reduction of adhesion of all pathogenic strains tested was obtained with three of the LAB strains (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CLFP100, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris CLFP102 and Lactobacillus curvatus CLFP150). With the exception of fish pathogens Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Renibacterium salmoninarum that were not inhibited by LAB strains, production of antagonistic compounds by all tested LAB was observed against at least one of the indicator strains. Based on mucus adhesion, competitive exclusion, and suppression of fish pathogen growth, the selected LAB strains can be considered for future challenge experiments in fish as a very promising alternative to the use of chemotherapeutic agents.  相似文献   

20.
Probiotics in animal nutrition: a review   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
The normal microflora colonizing the digestive tract in livestock species at five to six days after birth can be summarized as following: 400 to 500 different bacterial strains for a total count of 10(14) bacteriae. The role of the gut flora is multifarious: fermentation of feed compounds, induction of anatomical and physiological changes in the intestinal cell wall structure, increase in animal resistance against enteropathogenic bacteriae, etc. In the present review, the numerous hypotheses for explaining the beneficial effects of probiotics on zootechnical performances and also the healthy aspects for men and animals are summarized, and the possible mechanisms of bacterial attachment are enumerated. The different assumptions on mode of action and fixation mechanisms of probiotics in the gut are critically discussed, and the required characteristics of the ideal probiotic are listed. Finally, some zootechnical results obtained with lactic acid bacteria are shown for calves, piglets and broilers.  相似文献   

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