发酵床育肥猪鞭虫病的诊治

发酵床饲养育肥猪发生群发性疾病,其特征性症状为顽固性水泻、恶臭、消瘦。饲养90头育肥猪有46头发病,发病率达51%,死亡9头,病死率19.6%。该病使用抗生素治疗无效。后经剖检、实验室检查确诊为猪鞭虫病。经用羟嘧啶治疗、全群预防和对发酵床垫料生物发酵处理,治愈率为97.8%,无一例复发。     

发酵床饲养方式对商品猪生产性能和发病率的影响

试验选择23天断奶三元杂交(杜洛克猪×长白猪×大约克猪)仔猪90头,按体重、性别相近的原则,随机均分为试验组和对照组,每组3个重复,每个重复15头仔猪,试验组以发酵床饲养方式,对照组采用水泥地板饲养方式,试验期135天。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组商品猪的全期平均日增重增加了9.58%(P<0.05),发病率降低。保育期和生长期试验组平均日增重分别比对照组增加17.02%(P<0.01)和8.73%(P<0.05),发病率分别降低32.36%和24.23%,其中腹泻发生头次分别降低了60.71%和25.00%,呼吸症状发生头次分别降低了61.54%和16.67%。育肥期平均日增重试验组比对照组增加5.77%,但差异不显著(P>0.05),发病率提高了69.49%。可见,发酵床可提高商品猪日增重,降低腹泻、呼吸道疾病等疾病的发生率,保育和生长阶段表现得最为明显。     

发酵床养猪与传统养猪对比试验报告

本试验用不同菌种、不同日龄猪、不同养殖方式开展试验，旨在探索发酵床养殖模式与传统养殖模式的差异。结果表明：发酵床养殖模式可显著提高育肥猪的末重、用料量，降低料重比，使之比传统养殖方式下降14．3％；可显著提高断奶猪的末重，降低料重比，使之比传统养殖方式下降8．6％；发酵床养殖方式可使猪只呼吸道、消化道的发病率大幅下降；可有效节水、节工和节料；采用发酵床养猪技术饲养育肥猪，每头猪可多获利111．9元，并带来良好的社会效益和生态效益。     

猪呼吸道疾病综合征的防治

猪呼吸道疾病综合征(PRDC)是由多种因素引起的猪呼吸道疾病的总称,是保育猪、生长育肥猪普遍存在的疾病.可引起保育猪、生长育肥猪发热、咳嗽和呼吸困难等症状,导致猪群生长缓慢或停滞,降低饲料转化率,增加治疗费用,推迟上市时间等.发病率通常在30%～60%,死亡率一般为10%～20%,一旦发生将给猪场造成严重的经济损失.     

废弃食用菌块在生物发酵床养猪生产中的应用

选用健康、体重和日龄相近的杜长大生长育肥猪,随机分成2组,试验期为60天,考察利用废弃食用菌块制作生物发酵床垫料组合对育肥猪生长性能的影响.结果表明:利用废弃食用菌块代替垫料原料中的锯末,对育肥猪生长性能与对照组相比差异不显著,不影响饲养效果,废弃食用菌块在生物发酵床养猪生产中可以广泛应用.     

规模化猪场建造微生态发酵床须关注的问题

推广微生态发酵床养猪的商业机构强调发酵床养猪法与传统养猪法相比较,一般节省人工50%,节省饲料10%、医药费60%、消费90%,并减少了猪的发病率,具有降低养殖成本等优点。近几年,新的猪病在不断地出现,造成多种疾病混合感染的机率增加,临诊和治疗的难度加大。笔者认为这些因素是发酵床养猪法在全国范围内推广的     

发酵床养猪模式与传统养猪模式饲养效果比较

为了比较发酵床与传统模式的饲养效果,选择日龄相近、生长发育良好的杜×长×大三元配套系商品猪分为小猪组和大猪组。小猪组36头,试验组和对照组各18头;大猪组32头,分为试验组和对照组各16头,分别在发酵床和传统模式两种环境中生长。结果表明：发酵床模式与传统模式相比,小猪和大猪的试验组日增重比对照组分别提高4．52%、16．73%;料重比分别降低3．16％、7．43%;传统模式舍内环境与发酵床模式差异不显著。总体分析采用发酵床技术饲养育肥猪,每头可多获利126．24元。发酵床养猪模式的饲养效果优于传统养猪模式的饲养效果。     

异位发酵床养猪技术要点

正发酵床养殖生猪技术由于猪只与粪便接触,极易引发猪只多种疾病,因此,被业内人士认为是一种不安全的养殖方式。西充县远达农业开发有限公司主要从事生猪养殖业,多年来刻苦钻研育肥猪养殖技术,期间对育肥猪发酵床养殖技术进行了改进,主要是将发酵床进行了异位设置(故称其为异位发酵床),形成了该公司独特的养     

发酵床最适合养保育猪

本文分析比较了发酵床养殖育肥猪、母猪和保育猪的经济效益,发现发酵床最适合养保育猪,并介绍了保育猪发酵床猪舍的设计和垫料的选用。     

育肥猪发酵床增设定点排泄区的效果

为避免育肥猪后期粪尿量超过发酵床的可承载限度,在发酵床内增设了定点排泄区,发现有71%～76%的猪粪尿经定点排泄区的漏粪地板排出,可以提高发酵床养猪的密度,减少垫料用量。饲养试验显示,锯屑、稻壳和菌糠复合型垫料对猪粪的适宜承载量为1.40～1.86 kg/m~3,对尿的承载量为2.70～2.98 kg/m~3,垫料厚度60 cm的发酵床,在每头猪占床面积2.24 m~2,占圈面积2.72 m~2时已出现轻度死床;而增设定点排泄区的垫料厚度40 cm的发酵床,在每头猪占床面积为1.08 m~2,占圈面积1.36 m~2时,仍未出现死床现象。与原发酵床相比,增设定点排泄区后单位面积及每头猪的一次性垫料投入量分别为2/3和32%～64%,饲养过程中每头猪需添加的垫料量仅为10.7%～16.0%,且猪增重提高10.2%～34.9%,为猪群提供了更为清洁的拱翻和活动场地,保证了动物福利,有利于发酵床饲养模式的推广应用。     

美国猪场尸体处理方法分析与借鉴

动物尸体的合理处理有利于保护环境、控制疾病的传播、减少食品安全事件的发生以及促进畜牧业健康发展。美国小规模的养猪场对尸体主要采用场内处理，集团化的养猪企业和与其签约的合同猪场主要采用离场处理。论文通过对美国猪场尸体处理方法的介绍，并对其优缺点进行分析，以期为我国动物尸体尤其是猪尸体的处理提供参考。     

养猪场猪瘟净化技术研究

在４个流行仔猪猪瘟半年以上的养猪场实施了初乳前猪瘟首免的方法，进一步证实了这种免疫方法的免疫可靠性。随后，建立了以实施初乳前首免、建立严格隔离检疫和消毒制度、淘汰可疑带病毒母猪、建立健康种猪群等技术措施为主要内容的猪瘟净化技术，并在一个连续多年经常散发或暴发猪瘟的某养猪场应用，经连续３年多的临床和实验室检测，未发现临床病猪和健康带毒猪。     

猪瘟和链球菌病混合感染的诊治

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起的猪的一种高度接触性、传染性疾病,猪链球菌病是由猪链球菌引起的一种人畜共患传染病。某猪场存栏基础母猪180头,于2005年4月起开始发病,并陆续死亡。根据流行病学调查,临床症状观察,病理剖检和实验室诊断,确诊为猪瘟和猪链球菌混合感染,采取相应的防治措施,于1周后控制了疫情。     

环境规制和非洲猪瘟背景下的生猪产业发展实践调查与案例分析

通过实践调查和案例分析,研究了环境规制政策和非洲猪瘟疫情下的广东省生猪养殖现状及面临的问题。调查发现,环境规制政策给养殖户带来了较大压力,污染处理导致养殖成本直接上升,经营变得困难。但是,环境规制也促使养殖户对环保更加重视,并在此过程中学习了新的粪便处理技术。受非洲猪瘟疫情影响,广东省生猪养殖行业加速去产能明显,给养猪业带来较大冲击,此外,非洲猪瘟疫情也使养殖户对疫病知识和疫病防控工作更加了解和重视。通过案例访谈对养殖场进行了深入了解,发现不同类型、不同规模养殖场在多重因素的影响下其应对处理方式均有所不同。最后,根据研究结论提出了相应政策建议。     

Precipitation Reactions in Agar Between Swine Serum and Homologous Pancreas Extracts

Hyperimmune anti-hog cholera and nonimmune swine sera yielded approximately 50% more precipitation reactions in agar-gel diffusion tests with pancreas extracts from SPF noninfected swine than with extracts obtained from swine experimentally infected with virulent hog cholera virus. The pancreas-reacting property of swine serum was determined to be relatively heat stable, withstanding 68 C for 30 minutes.

Of various swine serum fractions tested, the only one that reacted with pancreas extracts contained gamma, beta and alpha-globulins. In the absence of alpha-globulin, precipitation reactions were not observed.

Sera of newborn SPF piglets, containing 50% alpha-2 globulin, formed more intense precipitation lines with swine pancreas extracts than were formed by the sera of their dams with the same extracts.

The pancreas-reacting activity of swine sera was completely removed by absorption with pancreatic tissue. This property was not removed by absorption with guinea pig kidney, or beef, swine or human erythrocytes.

Maceration of pancreatic tissue released reactive substances in a polydispersed form. This was demonstrated by the ability of almost all supernates and sediments from differential centrifugation of such preparations to form precipitation lines with swine sera. Reactive substances from swine pancreas were found to be relatively heat labile, being inactivated in one hour at 56C.

No evidence was obtained in this study to indicate that the observed precipitation reactions were related to hog cholera virus and its corresponding antibody. The reactions are believed to have resulted from the interaction of protein-related substances present in normal swine pancreas with a relatively heat stable component, possibly alpha-globulin, in swine serum.

     

An Evaluation of the Amylase and Haemolytic Tests for the Diagnosis of Hog Cholera

The amylase and haemolytic tests recommended for the diagnosis of hog cholera were used on normal swine, hog cholera-infected swine, hog cholera-immune swine and swine with some other virus diseases. The results obtained show that these tests do not appear to be sufficiently reliable for specific laboratory diagnosis.     

The Transmission of Hog Cholera Virus by Trichinella Spiralis Larvae

Studies have been carried out to determine (a) the possible role of T. spiralis larvae in the transmission of hog cholera virus and (b) to determine the effect of elevated swine temperature on the viability of trichinae. Trichina larvae from hog cholera infected swine were freed from diaphragmatic tissue by artificial digestion. Washed and disinfected larvae transmitted hog cholera virus while the supernatant digestive fluid did not transmit the virus. Infectivity of the virus was lost when the larvae were transmitted through albino rats before administration to swine. Temperature elevation of the swine did not affect the viability of the trichinae.     

The economic impact of clinical transmissible gastroenteritis for swine producers participating in the Missouri mail-in-record program

Economic loss from transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) was estimated at $0.18 per hog marketed for the average Missouri Mail-in-Record swine panel producer in 1978. This cost was $0.19 per hog marketed in 1979. These estimates were averaged for all producers in the record system, those with TGE in their herds as well as TGE-free herds. Estimates were also prepared for those herds with TGE outbreaks. In 1978, the average loss due to TGE for producers who had the disease on their farms was estimated at $1.74 per hog marketed, or 18% of the average return earned above total production costs. In 1979, this cost was $1.25 per hog marketed, or 13% of the average return earned above total production costs.     

Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism in Oklahoma swine

The prevalence of swine gastrointestinal parasites was determined from all listed large swine operations (28) and a geographically representative sample (70) of the population of small hog farm operations in Oklahoma. Fecal samples (n = 975) were collected from 98 farms. From the 98 farms, parasites were recovered in pig feces as follows: Ascaris, 53.0%, strongyles, 53.1%, Trichuris, 35.7%, spirurids, 6.1%, Strongyloides, 19.4%, coccidia, 57.1%, and Balantidium, 55.1%. A higher percentage (16.5%) of hogs maintained on cement floors were positive for Ascaris than were those on either dirt lots (11.9%) or slatted floors (9.9%), but pigs on dirt lots were more often positive with a higher percentage of coccidia (21.0%) than those on either cement or slatted floors (8.5% and 6.0%, respectively). Prevalence of Trichuris was essentially the same (6.8% to 11.3%) in hogs from all 3 management practices.     

Results of a survey of owners of miniature swine to characterize husbandry practices affecting risks of foreign animal disease

OBJECTIVE: To characterize husbandry practices that could affect the risks of foreign animal disease in miniature swine. DESIGN: Survey study. STUDY POPULATION: 106 owners of miniature swine. PROCEDURES: An online survey of owners of miniature swine was conducted to obtain information about miniature pig and owner demographics; pig husbandry; movements of pigs; and pig contacts with humans, other miniature swine, and livestock. RESULTS: 12 states, 106 premises, and 317 miniature swine were represented in the survey. More than a third (35%) of miniature swine owners also owned other livestock species. Regular contact with livestock species at other premises was reported by 13% of owners. More than a third of owners visited shows or fairs (39%) and club or association events (37%) where miniature swine were present. More than 40% of owners fed food waste to miniature swine. Approximately half (48%) of the veterinarians providing health care for miniature swine were in mixed-animal practice. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of this study indicated that miniature swine kept as pets can be exposed, directly and indirectly, to feed and other livestock, potentially introducing, establishing, or spreading a foreign animal disease such as foot-and-mouth disease. In addition, the veterinary services and carcass disposal methods used by miniature swine owners may reduce the likelihood of sick or dead pigs undergoing ante- or postmortem examination by a veterinarian.