列当对肾阳虚模型大鼠血清中内分泌激素水平的影响

以氢化可的松建立的肾阳虚模型大鼠为研究对象,测定灌服列当水煎液对肾阳虚模型大鼠内分泌激素水平的影响,为兽医临床肾阳虚病例的治疗提供参考依据。肾阳虚大鼠模型建模成功后,分别灌服不同剂量(1.0,2.0,4.0 g/kg)的列当水煎液和肉苁蓉水煎液(2.0 g/kg),1次/d,持续30 d,试验期间每天观察1次各组大鼠一般状态,每7 d称量各组大鼠体质量。采用ELISA方法检测大鼠血清中促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体激素(LH)、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)、促甲状腺素释放激素(TRH)、促甲状腺素(TSH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(CRH)、促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质酮(CORT)的含量。结果显示,造模后,与空白组相比其他各组大鼠体质量均明显降低(P0.05),试验结束后,与模型组相比,高剂量组大鼠体质量明显增加(P0.05);高剂量列当水煎液能显著提高肾阳虚雌性大鼠血清中的GnRH和E2(P0.05),降低血清中的FSH、LH、T(P0.05);高剂量列当水煎液能显著提高肾阳虚雄性大鼠血清中GnRH和T(P0.05),降低血清中的FSH、LH和E2(P0.05);高剂量组血清中RH、T3、T4、CRH、ACTH、CORT显著上升(P0.05),TSH显著降低(P0.05)。结果表明,以氢化可地松建立肾阳虚模型大鼠的内分泌有一定程度的紊乱,4 g/kg的列当水煎液能有效纠正其内分泌紊乱,具有治疗效果。     

中药复方对衰老及肾阳虚小鼠激素水平及肾功能的影响

为研究中药复方对D-半乳糖联合氢化可的松注射液致小鼠衰老及肾阳虚证的影响,选取60只5周龄昆明雄性小鼠随机分为5组,除空白组外,其余4组小鼠1d^40d每日颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖(200mg/kg)溶液,第41天~第50天,持续后肢注射氢化可的松注射液为小鼠衰老及肾阳虚,在此基础上给予低(0.80g/kg)、中(1.60g/kg)、高(3.20g/kg)剂量的中药复方,用药周期为68d,同时空白组、模型组灌胃等剂量的生理盐水。试验期间观察小鼠精神状态,记录小鼠体重和肛温。用药结束后,处死小鼠,分离血清,检测小鼠血清中T3、T4、TSH、ACTH、COR含量,摘取肾脏,进行切片HE染色,肾组织匀浆中检测NO含量,血清中检测CRE、BUN水平。结果显示,与空白组相比,模型组小鼠体重增长缓慢,活动减少,精神沉郁,肛温降低,血清中T3、T4、ACTH含量显著降低(P<0.01),TSH显著升高(P<0.01),COR无显著性变化;肾组织匀浆中NO升高(P<0.01),血清中CRE、BUN含量显著升高(P<0.01),HE染色显示肾小球萎缩,肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死,肾小囊上皮细胞肿胀。中药复方可提高小鼠体重、肛温、血清中T3、T4、ACTH含量、降低肾组织匀浆中NO含量及血清中CRE、BUN水平,减轻肾脏组织病理损害。结果表明,中药复方对D-半乳糖及氢化可的松致衰老及肾阳虚小鼠内分泌调节紊乱、肾脏受损具有一定保护作用。     

黄芪多糖对己烯雌酚诱导的小鼠睾丸损伤保护作用研究

为探讨黄芪多糖(APS)对己烯雌酚(DES)诱导的成年小鼠睾丸损伤的保护作用,将40只雄性小鼠分为正常对照(A)、3个黄芪多糖组(B、C、D)和己烯雌酚组(E)。B组、C组、D组分别灌服20、60、100mg/kg的APS,A组每只灌胃0.2mL含量为5g/L的羟甲基纤维素钠,E组每只灌胃0.2mL生理盐水。4h后除A组外,其他4组腹腔注射40mg/kg的DES,A组腹腔注射相同剂量橄榄油。连续给药7d。处理结束后计算睾丸重量及其脏器系数,检测睾丸病理学变化,检测睾丸中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力和丙二醛(MDA)的含量;检测血清中睾酮(T)、促黄体素(LH)和促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)的水平。结果表明,与DES模型组相比较,APS各组睾丸脏器系数变化差异显著,睾丸组织学变化有明显改善。抗氧化结果显示,APS各剂量组睾丸组织中SOD、GSH-Px活力均高于DES组,差异显著,其中100mg/kg组最高。APS各剂量组睾丸组织中MDA含量均低于DES组,差异显著,其中60mg/kg组最低。APS各剂量组血清中T、LH、GnRH的含量均显著增加。结果提示,APS对DES诱导的小鼠睾丸损伤有显著缓解作用。     

年龄和添加硼对雄性雏鸵鸟血清性激素水平的影响

本研究以不同发育阶段的雄性雏鸵鸟(Struthio camelus)为试验动物,在其饮水中添加不同剂量的硼,采用放射免疫分析法(radioimmunoassay,RIA)检测不同硼水平和不同发育阶段雏鸵鸟血清中卵泡刺激素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、睾酮(testosterone,T)、雌二醇(estradiol,E₂)的含量,旨在探明硼对雏鸵鸟血清性激素水平的影响。研究结果表明,雄性雏鸵鸟血清FSH和E₂含量均随硼添加量的增加而增加;LH和T的含量随硼添加量的变化表现出一定的相关性,且均表现为低硼水平其含量升高,中硼和高硼水平其含量降低;LH和T的含量随年龄增大而增加,E₂逐渐减小,而FSH则先升高后下降。该结果提示,硼对鸵鸟内分泌与生殖具有一定的调节作用,且年龄对雏鸵鸟血清性激素水平有一定影响。     

牛磺酸对不同月龄雄性大鼠生殖器官指数及生殖激素水平的影响

通过给不同月龄雄性W istar大鼠饮用添加1%牛磺酸或1%β-丙氨酸(牛磺酸转运抑制剂)的自来水,研究牛磺酸对不同月龄雄性大鼠体重、生殖器官指数及生殖激素分泌水平的影响。结果表明:牛磺酸对不同月龄大鼠体重、睾丸指数、前列腺指数没有明显的影响,但显著提高了14月龄大鼠的精囊腺指数;显著提高不同月龄雄性大鼠的血清睾酮水平(P<0.05),对血清促卵泡生成素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)水平没有显著的影响。     

枫泾和长白母猪对初情期前注射黄体素释放激素类似物(LRH-A_2)的反应

进行两个试验,研究了初情期前不同日龄的枫泾和长白母猪LRH-A_2诱导的LH水平和不同剂量的LRH-A_2对LH水平的影响。结果表明,77日龄枫泾猪,85和202日龄长白猪在诱导前血清中LH含量分别为1.70±0.17、0.74±0.10和1.40±0.14ng/ml,前二者和后二者间的差异极为明显(P<0.001)。除枫泾猪的5μg和10μg剂量外,其余各剂量在注射5分钟后血清中LH含量均显著高于注射前的LH值(P<0.005～0.001)。枫泾猪诱导的LH峰值与LRH-A_2的剂量无关,而长白猪的峰值出现时间和峰值高低均因剂量而异。诱导的LH值随初情期前的小母猪日龄而变化。枫泾猪和长白猪诱导的LH峰值出现的日龄分别为30和60天,峰值分别为5.55±0.63和16.14±2.74ng/ml,差异极明显(P<0.005)。枫泾猪在30～60和75～90日龄时诱导的LH值分别显著低于长白猪在60和95日龄的诱导值,但接近初情期时,两猪种间的差异则变得不明显。可结论如下:甾体激素的负反馈机制,枫泾和长白猪分别在30和60日龄开始建立,并在初情期时达到完善。     

AA肉鸡生长发育过程中免疫相关调节激素规律性研究

为了研究AA肉鸡生长发育过程中免疫相关调节激素变化规律,在生产饲养条件下,对不同日龄AA肉鸡心脏采血,采用放射免疫法测定血清生长激素(GH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(L)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、皮质醇(COR)和促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)等激素含量.结果表明:GH、T3、T4、TSH、COF和A...     

玉米赤霉烯酮通过干扰内分泌系统造成性成熟雄性大鼠生殖损伤

玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA),作为一种环境类雌激素物,其对动物及人体健康具有潜在的危害。尤其是,ZEA可能会导致人类不孕不育症。本试验中,给予性成熟的雄性SD大鼠每公斤单次腹腔注射5 mg/kg的ZEA,在随后的48 h内观察检测。可见大鼠血清睾酮(T)和促黄体生成素(LH)在6 h极显著降低,而血清LH在随后12 h又极其显著升高;睾丸环腺苷酸(cAMP)在6 h同样显著下降;同时,睾丸LHR,Star,p450scc,3β-hsd-1 mRNA表达水平在注射ZEA后6 h显著下调。总之,本研究可以得出单次腹腔注射ZEA可能通过扰乱内分泌系统,影响胆固醇合成中关键酶的基因表达,进而抑制睾酮生成,最终造成生殖系统短暂性的损伤。     

热应激对雄性文昌鸡雏鸡垂体-睾丸轴主要生殖激素分泌及其受体表达的影响

为探讨热应激对雄性文昌鸡雏鸡垂体-睾丸轴(PT axis)中主要生殖激素以及其受体的影响,将72只1日龄健康雏鸡随机分为对照组(CK)和热应激组(HS),饲养6周,每周龄末用ELISA和免疫组化法分别测定雏鸡血清中黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)含量及其受体表达情况。结果显示:雏鸡血清中LH、FSH、T水平分别在26～40 ng/L、6～13 IU/L、179～309 ng/L之间波动,且HS组LH和T低于CK组(P0.05),FSH则相反(P0.01);LH受体(LHR)和FSH受体(FSHR)阳性细胞在垂体随机分布,而T受体(TR)阳性细胞主要分布腺垂体中部及边缘,且初期垂体FSHR较多,LHR较少,后期反之,TR分布较少且较为稳定,受热应激影响具有时间效应;LHR、FSHR、TR阳性细胞主要分布于睾丸间质,第3周起,HS组LHR、FSHR、TR阳性细胞数低于CK组。结果表明:热应激干扰雏鸡PT轴生殖激素的正常分泌,阻碍LH、FSH、T受体发育。     

观察饲料添加剂对幼犬性激素水平的影响

研究分析市场上正在广泛使用的饲料添加剂,探讨二次饲喂雄性幼犬后饲料添加剂蓄积对其生长、生殖发育的影响研究.选择12只1月龄犬,随机分为试验组和对照组,对照组饲喂正常犬日粮和正常对照组老鼠,试验组饲喂高剂量组大鼠和正常犬日粮,喂养幼犬直至成熟,检测食用饲料添加剂大鼠是否对雄性犬的生长、生殖发育产生影响.采用酶联免疫试剂盒的方法来检测犬血清激素指标水平.试验组雌二醇、促卵泡激素含量明显升高(P＜0.01),而睾酮含量明显降低,有显著性差异(P＜0.01),饲料添加剂高剂量组对犬血清中的促黄体生成未见显著变化.     

苜蓿总黄酮对未达性成熟期及成年雌性大鼠下丘脑-垂体-卵巢性腺轴相关基因表达量的影响

为研究苜蓿（Medicago sativa）黄酮对动物未达性成熟期及成年期下丘脑-垂体-卵巢性腺轴相关基因表达量的影响,以雌性大鼠为模式动物,分为5个试验组：3个苜蓿黄酮剂量组（120,400,1200 mg·kg^-1）和2个对照组（己烯雌酚0.5 mg·kg^-1、空白对照组）。结果表明：未达性成熟期雌鼠中、高剂量组和己烯雌酚组促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）表达量显著降低（P<0.05）;低剂量苜蓿黄酮组促黄体生成素（LH）表达量显著高于高剂量组（P<0.05）;其卵巢中苜蓿黄酮高剂量组促卵泡生成素受体（FSHR）表达量极显著升高（P<0.01）;芳香化酶（CYP19A-1）在苜蓿黄酮低剂量组表达量极显著升高11倍（P<0.01）,在己烯雌酚组显著升高8倍（P<0.05）。成年大鼠苜蓿黄酮3个剂量组和己烯雌酚组的GnRH表达量显著降低（P<0.05）;低剂量苜蓿黄酮的促黄体生成素受体（LHR）表达量极显著升高6倍（P<0.01）,CYP19A-1表达量比空白对照提高8倍（P<0.05）。苜蓿黄酮对不同生理阶段雌鼠影响各不相同,但都通过下丘脑-垂体-卵巢性腺轴产生负反馈调节,并通过负反馈调节显著抑制了GnRH的表达,从而影响雌鼠性腺轴上其他相关基因的表达量。     

茶树油提取物粉对小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究茶树油提取物粉对小鼠免疫功能的影响,为茶树油产品的研发及作为畜禽养殖添加剂的应用积累资料。茶树油提取物粉对小鼠的经口急性毒性LD_(50)﹥5000 mg/kg b.w.。茶树油提取物粉分别以1250、250、50 mg/kg b.w.灌胃给予连续10 d,分别进行腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性和脾淋巴细胞增殖试验,测定免疫器官指数、血清溶血素水平及外周血CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+T淋巴细胞亚群水平。结果表明茶树油提取物粉高、中、低剂量组能极显著增加小鼠脾脏指数(P0.01),中剂量能显著增加肝脏指数和胸腺指数(P0.05)。中、高剂量能显著提高腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬活性和血清溶血素水平(P0.05)。三个剂量组均能显著提高小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的刺激指数(P0.05)。中剂量组能显著增加小鼠CD4+/CD8+比值(P0.05)。因此,茶树油提取物粉在一定程度上能够提高小鼠细胞免疫和体液免疫,具有增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

溶血卵磷脂对肉仔鸡脂类代谢的影响

选200羽1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分成对照组和试验组(每组10个重复),试验组日粮添加0.1%溶血卵磷脂,研究溶血卵磷脂对肉鸡脂类代谢的影响。结果表明:溶血卵磷脂降低肝脏系数和肝脂率(P>0.05)、血清总甘油三酯与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(P>0.05)、LDL-C/HDL-C和葡萄糖含量(P<0.05),提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和游离脂肪酸含量(P<0.05),上调肉仔鸡肝脏载脂蛋白B(P<0.01)和脂肪酸合成酶(P=0.155)mRNA表达水平;而对肉仔鸡的42日龄体重、腹脂率、皮下脂肪厚、肌间脂肪厚、腿肌和胸肌含脂率以及血清总胆固醇、三碘甲腺原氨酸、四碘甲腺原氨酸、促甲状腺激素刺激激素和胰岛素含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。结果提示:溶血卵磷脂对肉仔鸡有减少肝脂肪沉积及降血脂作用。     

Effects of Maternal Exposure to Bisphenol A on Survival Rate,Reproductive Hormones and Relative Genes of Offspring Mice

This study was aimed to investigate the reproductive toxicity of bisphenol A (BPA) exposed to the mother on the offsprings mice. Forty pregnant Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e. groups A, B, C and D with 10 mice in each group. Group A was the control group and the mice received conventional feeds, mice in groups B, C and D were given 50,500 and 2 500 mg/kg BW BPA in feedstuffs during the whole gestation period (from 1 d to parturition), respectively. The death rates of the offsprings were calculated every week. The offspring mice were sacrificed at 56 days of age (at puberty). The morphology of ovary and testicular tissues were observed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The levels of estradiol (E₂), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T) in mice serum were detected with ELISA Kit. The protein levels of Bax and Bcl-2 in ovary or testicular tissues were detected with immunohistochemistry, and the StAR,CYP11a mRNA levels in testicular tissues, the AMH, Kitlg mRNA levels in ovary were measured using Real-time PCR. The results showed that exposure of BPA to the mother extremely significantly increased the mortality (P<0.01),and significantly reduced the testicular weight of offspring mice (P<0.05). Maternal exposure to BPA extremely significantly reduced the levels of T (♂) and FSH(♀) (P<0.01),and extremely significantly elevated E₂ (♀) level in offspring mice (P<0.01). BPA exposure damaged the testicular with less leydig cells and ovarian tissues with more vacuoles and less corpus granules in offspring mice. Immunohistochemistry results revealed that maternal exposure to BPA increased the Bax protein level and decreased the Bcl-2 protein level of testicular and ovary tissues in offspring mice. BPA significantly reduced the StAR mRNA expression in male offsprings (P<0.05). However, the mRNA level of CYP11a in groups B and D extremely significantly decreased while group C showed an significant elevation in male offsprings (P<0.01). The expression levels of Kitlg mRNA in groups C and D were decreased extremely significantly in female offsprings (P<0.01), the AMH mRNA expression in groups C and D increased significantly (P<0.05). The conclusion indicated that pregnant mice exposed to different doses of BPA had harmful effects on survival rate in offspring mice, and impact the reproductive hormones, proteins and genes expression.     

金雀异黄素对雌性大鼠体内促性腺激素及胰岛素样生长因子表达的影响

本试验旨在研究金雀异黄素(genistein,GEN)对雌性大鼠体内促性腺激素及胰岛素样生长因子表达的影响。选取40只SD雌性大鼠[体重(200±20)g],随机分为5组,分别为阴性对照(NC)组、GEN低(L)、中(M)、高剂量(H)组及阳性对照(PC)组,每组8只,NC组灌胃花生油(其他组灌胃试剂以此为溶剂);L、M、H组分别灌胃15、30、60 mg/(kg BW·d)GEN,PC组灌胃己烯雌酚0.5 mg/(kg BW·d)。试验期30 d。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清中卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1(IGFBP-1)含量;实时定量PCR法检测卵巢IGF-1、IGFBP-1 mRNA表达水平。结果表明:与NC组比较,试验组血清中FSH、LH含量有升高趋势,但差异不显著(P0.05),作用效果与PC组一致;试验组血清IGF-1含量略有降低,但差异不显著(P0.05),PC组显著降低(P0.05);试验组血清IGFBP-1含量显著或极显著升高(P0.05或P0.01),PC组显著升高(P0.05);试验组卵巢组织中IGF-1、IGFBP-1 mRNA表达水平均升高,其中M、H组显著升高(P0.05),与PC组变化一致。由此可见,GEN能够提高雌性大鼠血清FSH、LH含量、降低血清IGF-1含量、提高血清IGFBP-1含量,同时提高卵巢中IG FBP-1、IG F-1 mRNA的表达水平,这些指标协同作用于卵巢,能够促进卵泡的成熟,调节卵巢功能。     

持续高温对不同性别北京油鸡脂肪代谢及血液脂肪细胞因子水平的影响

本研究旨在考察持续高温对不同性别北京油鸡脂肪代谢及血液脂肪细胞因子水平的影响.选择健康、体重相近的49日龄北京油鸡公母各72只[公鸡平均体重(608.58±13.07)g;母鸡平均体重(518.50±8.33)g],随机分在2个处理中:高温组,(35.00±0.37)℃;适温组,(25.00±0.38)℃,每个处理设6个重复,每个重复6只鸡.试验持续23 d.测定试验第12、23天时的血液生化指标、血液脂肪细胞因子水平及脂肪组织脂蛋白酯酶活性.结果表明:1)对公鸡而言:持续高温12 d时血清胰岛素水平显著升高(P＜0.01),血浆甘油三酯含量显著降低(P＜0.01).持续高温23 d时血清胰岛素水平和血浆甘油三酯含量显著降低(P＜0.01),血浆葡萄糖含量显著升高(P＜0.01);对母鸡而言:持续高温12 d时血浆甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸含量显著降低(P＜0.05).持续高温23 d时血浆甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸含量无显著变化(P＞0.05),血浆极低密度脂蛋白含量有增加趋势(P =0.065),血浆葡萄糖含量显著升高(P＜0.01).2)持续高温12 d时公母鸡的肌间脂肪脂蛋白酯酶活性都显著降低(P＜0.05),持续高温23 d时公鸡的肌间脂肪脂蛋白酯酶活性显著降低(P＜0.05),而母鸡的无显著变化(P＞0.05).3)公母鸡血浆脂联素、抵抗素水平在高温下都无显著变化(P＞0.05);持续高温12 d时公鸡血浆瘦素水平显著降低(P＜0.01),母鸡的显著升高(P＜0.05).由此可知,随着持续高温时间的延长,母鸡血浆游离脂肪酸、甘油三酯含量及肌间脂肪组织脂蛋白酯酶活性受高温影响下降程度减小,公鸡血浆甘油三酯含量及脂肪组织脂蛋白酯酶活性下降程度加大.     

Stress Response of Akhal-teke Horses after Long Distance Transportation

In order to understand the blood physiological and biochemical reactions after long-distance transport, 23 Akhal-teke horses (male horse 14, mare 9, aged 2 to 6 years old), were selected and transported from Russian to Alashankou of Xinjiang (5 d road transport). 7 and 35 d after reaching the destination, the jugular vein blood were collected for the determination of physiological and biochemical indicators and stress-related hormone levels. The remote control horses without transport (15 local Akhal-teke horses,male horse 10, mare 5, aged 6 to 10 years old) were used for comparative study. The results showed that on the 7th and 35th day after transport, the number and proportion of granulocytes (Gran), hematocrit (HCT), blood platelet (PLT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of the local Akhal-teke horses (P<0.05; P<0.01), while the number and percentage of intermediate cells (Mid) and the level of blood glucose (GLU) were significantly or extremely significantly decreased (P<0.05; P<0.01); On the 35th day after transport, the mean red blood cell volume (MCV), phosphorus (PHOS) and total protein (TP) were significantly or extremely signifcantly increased (P<0.05; P<0.01), and the percentage of lymphocytes (LY) was significantly decreased (P<0.05); On the 7th day after transport, the levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), growth hormone (GH), UREA and insulin (INS) were significantly or extremely signifcantly decreased (P<0.05; P<0.01), and the total bilirubin (TBIL) and triiodothyronine (T3) were signigicantly increased (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05) on the 35th day after transport. Based on the above results, after the long-distance transport, there had a corresponding transient stress response in Akhal-teke horses, which required some adjustment after the recovery period (35 d) to let most of the indicators were consistent with those without long-distance transport. So the horses could not be used until they were in a normal state, in order to avoid long-term irreversible lesions.     

Responses of Adenohypophyseal Hormones to Substance P Administration in Geldings: Comparison to Responses After Brief Exercise and Sulpiride Administration

Nine adult geldings were used in three experiments to study the possible role of substance P in the prolactin responses to nondopaminergic stimuli. Experiment 1 was performed as an incomplete Latin square design to determine the secretory responses of prolactin, growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to IV administration of substance P. Doses tested and compared to no peptide (0 dose, control) were 62, 125, 250, and 500 μg of substance P. The three highest doses of peptide caused an immediate rise in heart rate, sweating, salivation, rhinorrhea, stretching of hind legs, and defecation. The lowest dose (62 μg) caused minor sweating, some rhinorrhea, and a rise in heart rate. Recovery from these physical responses was complete in approximately 30 minutes. All doses of substance P caused an immediate rise (P < .01) in plasma prolactin concentrations, with the three highest doses producing similar responses, and the 62 μg dose producing a minimal response (P < .05). Concentrations of ACTH (P < .01) and GH (P = .05) also increased after substance P administration; concentrations of LH, FSH, and TSH were unaffected. Experiment 2 compared the effects of brief exercise on hormonal characteristics. Two minutes of trotting increased (P < .01) plasma concentrations of GH, ACTH, and prolactin, as well as LH (P = .055). Experiment 3 determined the relative responses of prolactin to a fixed dose of sulpiride (0.1 mg/kg of body weight). In general, the prolactin responses to substance P were similar to those after exercise, which were both generally less than after sulpiride. These data are consistent with a possible role of substance P in the prolactin response to stressful stimuli.     

日粮中添加沸石对黄羽肉鸡的影响

６４０只２８日龄黄羽肉鸡按饲养试验要求分成４个组（每组设４个重复），分别饲喂沸石含量为０，２％，４％和６％的日粮，５６日龄时结束饲养试验。在５５日龄时，各组随机抽取健康的鸡２４只（每个重复取６只，公母各半），空腹翅 静脉采血，测定血液激素指标。结果表明：日粮中添加２％，４％和６％沸石的鸡日增重分别较对照组鸡提高５．１７％，１１．０７％和８．１２％；添加不同量的沸石均能显著提高血液中三碘甲状腺原氨酸     

The Effect of Cordyceps Militaris Polysaccharides on the Antioxidant Function in Mice Injected With Cyclophosphamide

To investigate the antioxidant effects of the Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides(CMP),90 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups, three experimental groups (CMP groups), model control group (CY group), blank control group (BC group) and positive control group (PC group). The mice in CMP and CY groups were given cyclophosphamide at 80 mg/kg via intraperitoneal injection for 3 d. Then the CMP groups were administrated 17.5, 35.0 and 70.0 mg/(kg·BW) CMP via gavage, respectively, BC and CY groups were given physiological saline, and PC group was orally administered 70 mg/(kg·BW) CMP, lasting 18 d. At 24 h after the last administration, heart, liver and kidney were collected to measure the levels of MAD, CAT, SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC in the homogenate.SOD and TAOC activity of three CMP groups increased significantly (P<0.01), and the level of MDA decreased significantly (P<0.01) compared with CY group. As for CAT activity of heart, the value in low-dose CMP group had no significant change (P>0.05), while in middle and high-dose groups had significant (P<0.05) and extremely significant(P<0.01) increase respectively. Except that the hepatic GSH-Px activity increased significantly (P<0.05) in low-dose CMP group, the rest values of GSH-Px activities in all CMP groups increased extremely significantly (P<0.01). The results indicated that CMP could effectively improve the antioxidant function of mice and had the potential to be a good resource of new antioxidant drugs.