奶牛乳房炎早期诊断试剂盒应用效果试验

用显微镜体细胞计数、隐性乳房炎诊断液、乳房炎早期诊断试剂盒对318 头无乳房炎临床症状产奶奶牛进行乳房炎检测,并对其进行分析。结果发现,显微镜体细胞计数法检出乳房炎发病率36.79%,隐性乳房炎诊断液检出乳房炎发病率31.45%,乳房炎早期诊断试剂盒检出乳房炎发病率35.22%,隐性乳房炎诊断液法检测准确率为94.65%,而早期诊断试剂盒检测准确率为98.43%。乳房炎早期诊断试剂盒比隐性乳房炎诊断液诊断准确率高3.78 个百分点,更趋近于显微镜体细胞计数法的检测结果。     

奶牛隐性乳房炎的发病规律及其检测方法

奶牛乳房炎是世界奶牛业的大难题,而奶牛隐性乳房炎是引起奶牛乳房炎的主要因素。目前世界上有奶牛2.2亿多头,其中有1/3的奶牛患有各种类型的乳房炎。据国际奶牛联合会资料显示奶牛隐性乳房炎的发病率达20%～75%,有的地方高达80%以上。而我国奶牛乳房炎的发病率更高,据中国农业科学院兰州中兽医所对我国西北、华北、东北、中南、西南地区22个城市的32个奶牛场,共计10 371头成年泌乳牛进行调查显示,临床型乳房炎的平均发病率为33.41%。并对其中5个地区20个牛场的3 384头泌乳期奶牛进行了隐性乳房炎检查,结果表明,隐性乳房炎头平均阳性检出率为73.91%,乳区平均阳性检出率为44.74%。     

兰州地区奶牛乳房炎流行病学及病原菌调查

为了开展兰州地区奶牛乳房炎流行病学及病原菌的调查研究,试验应用LMT诊断液对兰州地区4个中等规模奶牛场的344头泌乳牛的1 237个乳区进行了隐性乳房炎检测,并对临床型乳房炎乳样进行了病原菌的分离鉴定。结果表明:奶牛隐性乳房炎的头阳性率为58.43%,乳区阳性率为36.86%;临床型乳房炎的头发病率为5.52%,乳区发病率为2.91%;主要病原菌检出率为无乳链球菌30.0%、大肠杆菌27.1%、金黄色葡萄球菌21.4%。说明兰州地区奶牛乳房炎发病率较高,病乳中无乳链球菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率较高。     

奶牛乳房炎及其综合治疗措施

<正>奶牛乳房炎是引起奶牛业经济损失最严重的一种疾病之一,可造成产乳量的减少和质量低下。据报道,奶牛乳房炎发病率20%,其中隐性乳房炎发病率为50%,临床性乳房炎33.41%,隐性乳房炎平均阳性检出率为73.10%,乳区阳性平均检出率为44.70%。对临床奶牛乳房炎病例病原体的分离鉴定。结果表明,临床乳房炎检出率最高的病原菌主要是真菌、大肠杆菌、葡萄球     

奶牛乳房炎流行情况调查及主要病原分离与药敏试验

采用临床诊断法及隐性乳房炎试剂诊断法对浦东地区奶牛乳房炎发病率进行了调查,结果表明,按乳区计算,临床乳房炎发病率为13.0%,隐性乳房炎阳性率为45.2%。细菌分离与鉴定结果显示,葡萄球菌、链球菌及大肠杆菌是引起浦东地区奶牛乳房炎的主要致病菌,以葡萄球菌分离率为最高。耐药试验结果表明,分离菌株对大多数抗菌药物具有较好的敏感性,但对β-内酰胺类药物及复方新诺明具有较强的耐药性。     

奶牛隐性乳房炎发病菌种与发病规律的研究

通过对吉林地区4个奶牛场的878头奶牛进行乳房炎试验调查,调查发现,这些奶牛场隐性乳房炎的发病率为35.99%,引起隐性乳房炎的病原菌主要为葡萄球菌、链球菌、大肠杆菌。同时笔者对发病率与乳区、泌乳阶段、年龄、胎次等的关系进行了分析,结果表明,各乳区间发病率差异不显著;各泌乳阶段的隐性乳房炎阳性率差异显著(P<0.05);隐性乳房炎的发病率随着奶牛年龄的增加而有所上升(P<0.01);不同胎次组间发病率差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

奶牛乳房炎的临床学调查

本研究对济南郊区卫生和管理条件较好的大型奶牛场临床型奶牛乳房炎和隐性奶牛乳房炎与胎次之间的关系进行了调查。结果表明,该奶牛场1～5胎次奶牛隐性乳房炎发病率高于临床型奶牛乳房炎发病率,而两种不同型的奶牛乳房炎发病率在6～9胎次奶牛表现相同,均为28.00%。临床型乳房炎除第3胎次稍有降低外,其余随胎次增多,发病率呈上升趋势。1胎、2胎、3胎、4胎、6～9胎的临床型乳房炎发病率分别为3.86%、8.04%、5.26%、9.00%、10.00%、28.00%,不同胎次间存在显著差异(P<0.05);不同胎次奶牛隐性乳房炎的发病率依次为16.49%、29.15%、31.58%、20.07%、22.22%、28.00%,其中第3胎次奶牛隐性乳房炎发病率显著高于其它胎次发病率,且各组间也具有差异显著性(P<0.05)。总之,该奶牛场随奶牛胎次的增加,乳房炎总发病率呈上升的趋势,6～9胎次奶牛乳房炎发病率最高,其次为2、3胎次。     

新建奶牛场乳房炎调查

采用CMT法对长沙县某新建奶牛场128头泌乳牛进行乳房炎检测并治疗结果显示：该牛场乳房炎发病率为78.12%,隐性乳房炎阳性率84.38%,临床型乳房炎的阳性率为15.63%,乳区阳性率为52.30%.经一疗程药物治疗后,乳房炎发病率降至38.28%,隐性乳房炎阳性率33.59%,临床型乳房炎的阳性率为4.68%,该乳房炎治愈率为51%,乳区治愈为52.80%.     

河南新乡市奶牛隐性乳房炎发病情况调查与分析

为了解河南省新乡市奶牛隐性乳房炎发病情况,本研究采用CMT方法对1 862头奶牛进行隐性乳房炎诊断,调查不同地区、胎次、季节、年龄和泌乳量与隐性乳房炎发病的规律。结果表明,新乡市奶牛隐性乳房炎发病率平均为45.2%,新乡县发病率最高,为52.6%,获嘉县发病率最低,为34.4%;5胎次以上奶牛隐性乳房炎发病率最高,为72.7%;每天泌乳量在20 kg/d以下的奶牛发病率最高,为69.4%;散养户发病率为62.4%。结果显示,新乡市奶牛隐性乳房炎广泛存在,需要高度重视,应加强防控,提高饲养管理水平。     

奶牛临床型乳房炎类型及防治

乳房炎是奶牛泌乳期发病率最高的一种疾病,奶牛乳房炎是一种世界性疾病,据统计,全世界奶牛乳房炎的发病率在48%,我国奶牛乳房炎的发病率较高,在50%～70%,美国奶牛乳房炎的发病率在16%～27%。奶牛临床型乳房炎主要的几种类型:1坏疽性乳房炎1.1临床症状乳房出现紫斑、肿胀、发热现象,触摸乳房有痛感,乳上淋巴结肿胀,产奶量急剧下降,严重者停     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。