明年生猪市场将走出『雾霾』

正1 20年以来生猪生产的回顾——以史为鉴1.1生猪价格变化根据笔者统计,河北省育肥猪价格从1992年以来,生猪市场价格起伏不定,经历了六次大的起伏。每次波动达到价格高峰的月份是1993年11月、1997年9月、2004年10月、2008年2月、2011年9月、2013年1月;价格最高属2011年9月,仔猪、育肥猪、猪肉价格分别超过了44、20、30元/千克。而1992年4月、1995年4月、1998年3月、2006年6月、2009年5月、2012年6月、2014年4月育肥猪价格跌至最低。特别是在1998年4月     

1986年重庆市奶牛流行热调查报告

建国以来,我市曾于1954年、1957年、1963年、1969年、1976年、1980年、1983年发生奶牛流行热,1986年又发生,共达8次之多;大约3～5年,多是3年发病一次,还有10年一次大流行之说,在气候突变,蚊蝇盛行的夏末秋初,发生于饲养管理     

尼勒克县荒漠草原草地生产力变化研究

通过2012~2015年对尼勒克县荒漠草原12个样地的监测,对其牧草生长高峰期样方内优势植物的高度、盖度、鲜草产量及总鲜草产量、总干草产量、可食牧草鲜草产量、可食牧草干草产量进行分析,探讨尼勒克县荒漠草原草地生产力。结果表明:荒漠草原植被总盖度、草群平均高度、总鲜草产量、总干草产量、可食牧草鲜草产量、可食牧草干草产量与2012~2015年1~7月份降水量变化规律一致。伊犁绢蒿、角果黎、苔草的鲜重及总鲜草产量,2015年最高,2014年最低。伊犁绢蒿鲜重,2015年与2013年基本一致,分别是2012年、2014年的2.6倍和4倍;角果黎的鲜重,2015年分别是2012年、2013年、2014年的1.2倍、2.1倍和3.2倍;苔草的鲜重,2015年分别是2013年与2014年的3倍;白羊草的鲜重,2012年是2013年的1.3倍。     

内蒙古草原植被近五年动态分析

本文对近五年内蒙古草原的植被状况进行监测,从草原植被覆盖度(总体覆盖度、不同区域的覆盖度、不同类型的覆盖度)、草原生物量(总体生物量、不同区域的生物量、不同类型的生物量)、牲畜的动态等几个方面进行了动态分析,逐年对比,得出了内蒙古草原近五年的植被状况。(1)从全区草原植被覆盖度情况来看,2005年、2006年要比近五年年平均值稍好一些,平均盖度高出平年2个百分点。2007年和近五年平均值相差不大,2008年和2009年比近五年平均值稍差一些,平均盖度降低1个百分点。(2)从全区植被地上生物量的总体状况来看,2005年、2006年要比近五年平均值稍好一些,产量分别高出平年的9.6%和8.8%。2007年略差于近五年的平均值,低于均值的0.6%。2009年比近五年平均值要较差,产量低于均值的24.5%。(3)全区的实际存栏数随着年度在增加,而地上生物量在受到降水、气候、人类活动等各种不确定因素的影响也在随之变化,2005年、2006年和2008年地上生物量相对其他两年来说是较好的三年,其适宜的养畜量分别为9171.26万头、9106.36万头和8936.88万头,而这三年的实际的存栏数分别为11258.90万头、13030.04万头和13582.65万头。2009年是超载最严重的一年,2005年-2009年超载率分别为22.8%、43.1%、63.2%、51.9%和111.7%。     

不同储存时间的玉米对肉鸡血清抗氧化功能的影响

为探讨不同储存时间的玉米对肉鸡血清抗氧化功能的影响,试验选取1日龄雌性科宝肉仔鸡168只,随机分为6组(每组7个重复,每个重复4只),分别饲喂由6种不同储存时间的玉米配制的试验饲粮,玉米储存时间分别为0(当年收获的玉米)、1、2、3、4、5年(以下简称0年组、1年组、2年组、3年组、4年组、5年组),试验期42 d。检测肉鸡21日龄和42日龄时血清抗氧化指标。结果表明:1)21日龄时,0年组、1年组、2年组肉鸡血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于5年组(P<0.05);0年组、1年组、2年组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著高于3年组、4年组、5年组(P<0.05);4年组、5年组血清维生素E含量极显著低于0年组(P<0.01)且显著低于1年组、2年组、3年组(P<0.05);各组间血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)及维生素C含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)42日龄时,0年组血清T-AOC极显著高于其他组(P<0.01);血清M DA含量极显著低于其他组(P<0.01);0年组血清GSH-Px活性极显著高于其他组(P<0.01);0年组血清T-SOD活性显著高于4年组、5年组(P<0.05);各组间血清维生素C和维生素E的含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可知,饲喂长期储存的玉米会降低肉鸡血清抗氧化功能。     

盘点我国动物繁殖学科的历史与成就

1 我国方兴未艾的动物繁殖学 作为年轻的动物繁殖科学,近30年来取得了突飞猛进和举世瞩目的发展.如果说自建国的1949年到1978年这30年,是动物繁殖科学起步、打基础、发展较快的30年,那么从1979年到2008年改革开放的30年,就是动物繁殖科学完善、发展壮大、成绩卓著的30年.     

目前基层对非洲猪瘟认知与防堵方案

1921年，东非国家肯尼亚首次确认非洲猪瘟（ ASF）疫情。1957年首次传出非洲，在伊比利亚半岛呈地方性流行，马耳他1978年、意大利（ 1967年和1980年）、法国（ 1964年、1967年、1977年）、比利时（ 1985年）、荷兰（ 1986年）相继暴发，目前这些国家已相继消灭，仅在撒丁岛呈地方流行。1971年传入美洲，加勒比首个暴发非洲猪瘟疫情，1978—1980年古巴暴发，1978—1981年多米尼加暴发，1979—1984年海地发生，2007年4月—2017年12月横跨欧亚，并传入俄罗斯后迅速在高加索地区定殖，2012年7月从俄罗斯传入乌克兰，2013年传入白俄罗斯，2014年传入陶宛、波兰、爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚。2016年传入摩尔多瓦，2017年传入捷克，罗马尼亚。2018年传入我国辽宁。     

武威市凉州区奶牛口蹄疫疫苗免疫效果和野毒感染情况的监测与分析

为了掌握凉州区奶牛口蹄疫的疫苗免疫效果和野毒感染情况,本研究采用阻断ELISA方法对2017-2019年采集于凉州区的奶牛血清样品进行了O型、亚洲Ⅰ型、A型口蹄疫疫苗的免疫抗体检测和口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体检测。结果显示,凉州区奶牛O型、亚洲Ⅰ型、A型口蹄疫疫苗的免疫合格率分别为94.58%、92.95%、91.06%,其中O型口蹄疫疫苗2017年、2018年、2019年的免疫合格率分别为91.69%、95.15%、96.24%,亚洲Ⅰ型口蹄疫疫苗2017年、2018年、2019年的免疫合格率分别为89.54%、93.69%、94.84%,A型口蹄疫疫苗2017年、2018年、2019年的免疫合格率分别为87.69%、91.26%、93.43%,2017年、2018年、2019年口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体阳性率均为0%。表明甘肃省武威市凉州区奶牛口蹄疫疫苗的免疫效果整体较好,且近三年免疫合格率存在稳中升高的趋势,凉州区奶牛近三年不存在口蹄疫病毒野毒感染情况。     

气雾免疫防制牛、羊布氏菌病的效果显著

为了有效的控制和消灭布氏菌病,我县在1973年对14个公社进行了牛、羊血检,通过1976年、1977年、1979年三年在全县范围内的布氏羊型5号菌苗的气雾免疫,经过1979年、1982年的血检和1981年的菌检观测,布病疫情逐年在减少,牛的检出率由1973年的10％下降到1982年的1.1％,羊的检出率由1973年的     

全国消灭牛肺疫进展迅速

1994年是农业部“八五”期间落实《全国消灭牛肺疫实施方案》的第四年。1995年是全国消灭牛肺疫的最后一年。为顺利完成这项工作。农业部于1994年10月至1995年1月，派出考核验收组，着重对天津、上海、湖北、河南、辽宁、山东、浙江、江西、青海、内蒙古、山西、安徽、黑龙江、     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).