贵州省鲜猪肉细菌污染监测与分析

猪肉是我国广大居民消费的主要肉类,其消费量占所有肉类消费比例达60%以上。由于在生猪屠宰、运输与销售过程中常常受到细菌,特别是一些致病菌的污染,对鲜猪肉消费者存在食品安全隐患。因此,笔者对贵州省各地市售鲜猪肉进行了细菌数量和种类调查,以期掌握猪肉细菌污染状况及其种类,以便为鲜猪肉的食用安全和食源性疾病的预防控制提供科学参考。1材料与方法     

市售鲜猪肉葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌污染及其PCR快速检测

为了解市售鲜猪肉葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌污染情况,本试验从贵州省9个地区农贸市场采集鲜猪肉样本106份,3个地区屠宰场运输车辆采集棉拭子样本36份,采用传统生化法鉴定2种优势菌落;PCR法快速检测葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌。结果显示,鲜猪肉和棉拭子样本葡萄球菌的分离率为23．5％（38／162）和31．9％（23／72）,大肠杆菌的分离率为15．4％（25／162）和13．9％（10／72）;2种细菌可扩增出目的条带。结果表明,市售鲜猪肉及运输车辆葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌污染严重,本试验成功运用PCR法对这2种病原菌进行快速检测。     

枣庄市区农贸市场猪肉细菌污染的测试报告

为了掌握枣庄市区农贸市场销售猪肉的卫生状况,笔者从1990年6月5日开始对本市区5个农贸市场的销售猪肉作了细菌污染情况的检测,报告如下:     

猪肉中一种发光菌的分离和鉴定

对一起猪肉出现的发光现象进行检测,结果表明,猪肉发光是猪肉表面污染发光细菌所致,对样品进行细菌分离培养,对纯化后该菌的16S rDNA进行PCR扩增、测序、比较,结果显示,该菌与发光杆菌的16S rDNA有99%的同源性,进一步的生化鉴定结果也与其相符。     

LAL试验快速检测肉品细菌污染程度及鲜度的研究

对不同鲜度的猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉和鱼肉进行活菌总数、革兰氏阴性菌数、大肠菌群数及挥发性直基氮（TVB－N）测定，并与LAL试验（鲎变形细胞溶解物试验）进行平行对比研究，证实肉品的鲜度与其细菌总数、革兰氏阴性菌数及LAL指数呈负相关性。应用LAL试验可在短时间（1－2小时）内快速判定肉品的细菌污染程度及鲜度，比传统的细菌培养计数法大大缩短了时间，适合现场大批量肉品细菌污染程度及鲜度的快速检测。     

石河子地区动物性食品中单核细胞增生李斯特菌的检测

目的了解新疆石河子地区动物性食品中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌(LM)污染状况。方法在石河子地区选取5个具有代表性动物性食品零售点,对最常食用的生鲜猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、鸡肉、冻鸡肉、冻虾和冻带鱼8类动物性食品进行随机采样,采用病原分离培养和PCR法对样品中的单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌进行检测。结果检测8类249份食品样品,细菌分离鉴定阳性样品12份,平均阳性率4.82%;PCR法检测阳性样品36份,平均阳性率为14.46%。结论石河子动物性食品中LM的污染比较普遍,尤以冻鸡肉和冻虾LM污染较重,新鲜猪肉、牛肉和羊肉LM污染程度较轻。     

细菌毒素氧化呈色法和过氧化物酶法检验病害猪肉的比较

细菌毒素氧化呈色法和过氧化物酶法都是检验病害猪肉的常规检验方法。采集病害猪肉和健康猪肉各30份,通过对健康猪肉和病死猪肉同时用过氧化物酶法和细菌内毒素呈色法进行检测,比较两种方法的准确性、精确度及适用性。结果表明,细菌毒素氧化呈色法和过氧化物酶法检验病害猪肉都有很高的检出率,达到了100%。检验市场上购买的健康猪肉时,过氧化物酶法优于细菌毒素氧化呈色法。     

猪肉生产链细菌耐药性及其耐药基因调查研究

本试验旨在研究猪肉生产链中常见细菌的耐药性、耐药基因及其传递性。以养殖场、屠宰场、农贸市场的环境及猪肉中常见细菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌)为对象,利用药敏纸片法检测细菌对常用的5大类17种抗生素的耐药性,用PCR鉴定9种耐药基因的存在。研究发现,生产链中分离的细菌对5类17种常见抗生素均产生了不同程度的耐药性,其中对苯唑西林、四环素、甲氧苄啶等耐药性较高,对丁胺卡那霉素耐药性最低。9种耐药基因均有检出,bla TEM、aac6'-Ⅰb、tet B、tet C的检出率较高,与药敏试验的结果基本一致。耐药基因检出率屠宰加工厂养殖场农贸市场,耐药株可能具有传递性,为进一步研究打下基础。因此,猪肉生产链中存在致病菌甚至一些非致病菌株对常用抗生素耐药的污染和威胁,需定期加强调查监测,科学使用抗生素,防止耐药菌株的传播。     

山西省高平市猪肉食品安全的现状与对策

近年来,猪肉食品质量安全事件频繁发生,已经严重危及到消费者的健康和猪肉食品行业。随着人们生活水平的提高,食品安全问题越来越受到人们的关注,其中猪肉食品的质量安全问题显得尤为重要和紧迫。为了从根本上解决猪肉食品的污染和安全问题,必须建立有效的猪肉食品质量全程控制体系。结合山西省高平市的实际情况,从饲料生产、生猪养殖、屠宰加工、物流配送及销售等环节分析了猪肉食品生产过程中存在的安全隐患,针对这些问题提出了相应对策,并提出了构建猪肉安全检测和溯源技术体系的具体措施,以实现"饲养—屠宰—加工—运输—销售"全过程对猪肉产品的安全进行控制。     

生猪屠宰检疫的程序及要点

猪肉是人们日常饮食中动物性蛋白的主要来源,一旦出现问题会直接危害人们的生命健康.要保障猪肉和猪肉制品的安全性,必须做好生猪的检疫工作.1宰前检疫流程与要点1.1宰前检疫生猪的宰前检疫流程对整个屠宰工作的顺利与否影响很大.生猪的宰前检疫是指生猪进入屠宰场之前,对其运输工具包含证明及是否合格等内容进行的检查,核验生猪的产地检疫证明和运输检疫证明.此外,还要对生猪的具体来源进行确认,避免从病区携带病原微生物.     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

广西芒果主要病虫害及其防治

广西是我国主要的芒果生产基地。随着基地建设的发展,芒果病虫害已成为目前栽培管理的主要问题。为此,在调查、研究的基础了介绍了当前芒果生产中常见的病虫害,并提出了防治措施,以期为生产上提供技术参考。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。