蜂群衰竭症威胁美国农业

2006年美国大陆有惊人数量的蜜蜂群死亡.随后的调查推测,这种不明原因的蜂群消失至少在最近两年是养蜂人经历过的.到2007年春季全美国有20多个州报道了蜜蜂灾难性的损失.蜜蜂飞出去采集花粉和花蜜,却神秘地不再返回蜂巢,目前还查不出原因.这种情况经过媒体的报道,特别是在万维网上迅速的传播(到2007年7月上旬"谷歌"网上已有621 000项关于蜜蜂神秘失踪的报道),引起了世界各国的科学家、养蜂企业和农场主的关怀.     

鹅鸭瘟病的诊断与防治

鸭瘟本是鸭的一种急性败血性传染病,在同病鸭密切接触的情况下,鹅也会感染发病,鹅的鸭瘟病以流泪、头颈肿大、泄殖腔溃烂为主要特征. (一)病原的特征 该病由鸭瘟病毒感染引起,存在于病鸭(鹅)的各个内脏器官、血液、分泌物、排泄物中.鸭瘟病毒不耐热,但对低温抵抗力较强,对乙醚和氯仿敏感,对常用的消毒药抵抗力不大.     

农业部"十五"重点推广的毛绒用羊良种

一、澳洲美利奴羊 澳洲美利奴羊产于澳大利亚,是由西班牙美利奴羊(英国、南非)、兰布列羊(法国、美国)等进行杂交选育而成的著名细毛羊品种.我国引入多年,并以此为素材之一培育出了中国美利奴羊.澳洲美利奴羊具有毛丛结构好、羊毛长而明显弯曲、油汗洁白、光泽好、净毛率高、毛密度大、细度均匀的特点,对各种环境气候有很强的适应性.体型近似长方形,腿短、体宽、背部平直,后躯肌肉丰满;公羊颈部由1～3个发育完全或不完全的横皱褶,母羊有发达的纵皱褶.羊毛覆盖头部至两眼连线,前肢达腕关节,后肢达飞节.     

什么犬适合用作"军犬"

能用作军犬的犬种并没有严格的标准,广义地来说,只要能被训练后用在军事事务如:追踪、鉴别、警戒、看守、巡逻、搜捕、通讯、携弹、侦破、搜查毒品、爆炸物等任务,都可被认可为军犬.特别是在战场上,只要能作战就算是军犬.……     

缉毒犬搜出贩毒物证

2007年1月31日上午,秦皇岛市公安局刑警支队技术三大队接到指令:缉毒部门抓获贩毒嫌疑人员尤某,在其临时住所——秦皇岛市海港区某住宅查获了冰毒近30克,麻古近200粒。但查获数量     

责任编辑

鱼市有"鱼霸",菜行有"菜霸",乡村中有"村霸".而专门欺侮养蜂人的称为"蜂霸".每个转地放蜂的蜂农都有被"蜂霸"盘剥、讹诈、欺骗的经历.造成的经济损失,少则数百元,多则数万元.例如吉林省露水河椴树场地某林场,当地有一伙人,对外省放蜂的蜂场收1 000元所谓押金(属巧立名目),待摇蜜时蜂蜜必须卖给他们.这伙人限制其他人收购蜂蜜,而他们压级压价强行收购蜂蜜,转手就可渔利,蜂农违心地卖蜜.如不卖给这伙人,事先交的1 000元"押金"就难以讨回.内蒙古牙克石油菜场地,也有强行收蜜,压级压价的"蜂霸".     

马鞍伤诊治一例

永康市龙川公园挽马1匹,体型高大。数月前,马背红肿,继而溃烂流脓。畜主多次用抗生素治疗无明显好转。经检查,马背左肩部大面积红肿,溃疡流脓,触痛明显,拒绝按压,体温略升。检查后发现马鞍偏小,属典型的大马配小鞍,因摩擦过度造成伤害,诊断为马鞍伤。治疗用大油剂青霉素2瓶(300     

一例金钱豹肠梗阻的治疗

2007年5月15日园主前来我医院咨询,主诉:昆明动物园有一金钱豹,猫科,雌性,体重60 kg,年龄15岁,毛色金钱带黄棕色,不食有2 d,且呕吐、不排便、精神沉郁,曾用一些抗生素治疗无效,我院随园主前往治疗,现将总体情况表述如下:     

蜂胶——肠胃炎的克星

巢脾是蜜蜂蜂巢的主要组成部分,其主要作用是繁殖幼蜂和贮藏蜂蜜、花粉.如不对以下异常巢脾及时妥当处理,则会严重影响蜂蜜的产量和质量,降低养蜂收益.     

猪冬季颈椎风湿症的治疗措施

2006年12月初北安市杨家乡某猪场有38头猪食欲减退,体温升高到39℃左右,常突然卧地不起,呈侧仰状,耳、鼻、四肢冰凉;眼结膜潮红,口唇皮肤呈青紫色,肌肉颤抖,触之尖叫;颈脊椎骨稍强直,前肢软弱、呈游泳状,后肢麻木无力。有2头母猪和12只仔猪因医治不及时死亡。1治疗措施后即可运动自如,食欲明显增强。之后,每天颈肌注射复方当归针(10毫升)2支、祖师麻(10毫升)2支,一次注射,连续3天好转。2预防在寒冷低温季节,多给猪铺垫稻草等保暖物,让猪多晒太阳,并适当通风换气,同时,加强营养,并在新鲜饲料中添加微量元素。(012)猪冬季颈椎风湿症的治疗措施…     

生长速度

在测量生长速度时,利用国际标准度量单位(g/d)优于盎司/d或磅/周等英制单位,因为英制的测量单位不是非常精确,尤其是对小猪而言. 在实际生产中,平均日增重(Average Daily Gain,ADG)或每日活体增重(Daily Liveweight Gain,DLWG)是评估猪生长速度的首选词,但在营养学与遗传学研究论文中也常遇到"瘦肉组织增重率(Lean Tissue Growth Rate,LTGR)"这一名词.     

Pregnancy rate and first-service conception rate in Angus heifers

The objective of this project was to determine the genetic control of conception rate, or pregnancy percentage in Angus beef heifers. Producers from 6 herds in 5 states provided 3,144 heifer records that included breeding dates, breeding contemporary groups, service sires, and pregnancy check information. Two hundred fourteen sires of the heifers were represented; with 104 sires having less than 5 progeny, and 14 sires having greater than 50 progeny. These data were combined with performance and pedigree information, including actual and adjusted birth weights, weaning weights, and yearling weights, from the American Angus Association database. Heifer pregnancy rate varied from 75 to 95% between herds, and from 65 to 100% between sires, with an overall pregnancy rate of 93%, measured as the percentage of heifers pregnant at pregnancy check after the breeding season. Pregnancy was analyzed as a threshold trait with an underlying continuous distribution. A generalized linear animal model, using a relationship matrix, was fitted. This model included the fixed effects of contemporary group, age of dam, and first AI service sire, and the covariates of heifer age at the beginning of breeding, adjusted birth weight, adjusted weaning weight, and adjusted yearling weight. The relationship matrix included 4 generations of pedigree. The heritability of pregnancy and first-service conception rates on the underlying scale was 0.13 +/- 0.07 and 0.03 +/- 0.03, respectively. Estimated breeding values for pregnancy rate on the observed scale ranged from -0.02 to 0.05 for sires of heifers. Including growth traits with pregnancy rate as 2-trait analyses did not change the heritability of pregnancy rate. As expected for a reproductive trait, the heritability of pregnancy rate was low. Because of its low heritability, genetic improvement in fertility by selection on heifer pregnancy rate would be expected to be slow.     

提高非洲鸵鸟孵化率和健雏率的措施

鸵鸟 (非洲鸵鸟 )是世界上现存的最大禽类 ,具有很高的饲养价值。但是由于非洲鸵鸟的蛋大而重 ,蛋壳厚而结实 ,再加上饲养时间短 ,缺乏经验 ,使得鸵鸟人工孵化的孵化率、健雏率都很低 ,严重影响了其经济效益的发挥。本文就提高非洲鸵鸟人工孵化率和健雏率的措施进行讨论 ,供鸵鸟饲养者参考。1　种鸟的饲养管理1 1　场址鸵鸟场应建在远离公路、机场、居民闹市区、背风向阳、地势较高且平坦的地方 ,土质以沙土或沙壤土为好。1 2　饲养面积鸵鸟的体型较大 ,人工驯化饲养时间短 ,野性尚存。为了适应这种生活习性 ,成年鸵鸟特别是种鸟的饲养面…     

Ovulation rate and twinning rate in cattle: heritabilities and genetic correlation

Repeated measures of ovulation rate on puberal heifers should be an effective way to select for increased twinning rate. A reliable estimate of the genetic correlation between ovulation and twinning rates is needed to implement such selection and to predict its efficiency. Restricted maximum likelihood was used to estimate genetic correlations from subsets of data collected from the twinning project at the Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center. The animal model included numerator relationships among the animals and fixed effects of year-season of measurement, age at measurement, and birth group. Genetic correlations between averages of ovulation rates for three, four, five, six, seven, and eight estrous cycles and the occurrence of twins were, respectively, .62, .76, 1.00, 1.00, 1.00, and .98 based on observations on 200 to 325 puberal heifers. Corresponding phenotypic correlations ranged from .06 to .26. Genetic correlations between ovulation rate in a single estrous cycle and occurrence of twins were .38, .98, and .98, respectively, for 323, 430, and 283 cows with ovulation rate measured after measurement of twinning, in the same season as measurement of twinning, and more than 1 yr before measurement of twinning. Phenotypic correlations were .00, .07, and .00. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among ovulation rates at six consecutive estrous cycles averaged, respectively, .66 and .12 for 610 heifers. Heritabilities for ovulation rates in individual cycles averaged .16. No evidence of negative environmental covariance between ovulation rates in adjacent cycles was found. These results support the approach of indirectly selecting for twinning rate by measuring ovulation rates in estrous cycles of puberal heifers.     

提高肉用犊牛存活率、健犊率的新措施

提高肉用犊牛生产效率和生产水平已经成为我国肉牛养殖业关键环节,文章根据已有研究结论结合笔者多年实践经验,总结出了一套从肉用犊牛出生处理、科学吃到初乳、正确哺乳补料到循序渐进断奶操作提高犊牛存活率和健犊率的新措施,以期为提高肉用犊牛生产效率和生产水平带来帮助。     

Ovulation rate, lambing rate, litter size and embryo survival of Rambouillet sheep selected for high and low reproductive rate

Ewes from lines selected for high and low reproductive rate and a control line bred and selected randomly were endoscopically examined 3 to 5 d after breeding to determine ovulation rates in the fall of 1985, 1986 and 1987. Fertility (ewes lambing per ewe exposed), lambing rate (lambs born per ewe exposed) and litter size (lambs born per ewe lambing) were evaluated at lambing in the spring of each year. Embryonic survival was estimated as the number of lambs born per corpora lutea. Ovulation rates were 1.28, 1.73 and 1.46 for low, high and control lines, respectively. More (P less than .01) single ovulations occurred in low-line ewes than in the other two lines; high-line ewes had more (P less than .01) twin ovulations than did low- or control-line ewes. Fertility did not differ among lines. Selection line affected (P less than .01) lambing rate at first and all services. Control-line ewes had mean lambing rates at first and all services that were intermediate between those of the low and high lines, which were different from each other. Line x age of ewe interactions existed (P less than .01) for lambing rate at all services and litter size at first and all services. High-line ewes had lower lambing rates and litter sizes as 2-yr-olds than other lines, but their performance increased steadily to 6-yr-olds, whereas the low and control lines remained relatively constant. Embryo survival differed (P less than .10) between lines, being 74%, 63% and 67% for low, high and control lines, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Comparison of heart rate and heart rate variability obtained by heart rate monitors and simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram signals in nonexercising horses

Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are often determined with Polar heart rate monitors (HRMs; S810i; Polar, Kempele, Finland). The aims of this study were to compare data from horses obtained by Polar HRMs and a portable Televet electrocardiogram (ECG; 100 version 4.2.3; Kruuse, Marslev, Denmark) device and to determine appropriate recording times in horses (n = 14). Correlations were calculated and a Bland-Altman analysis was carried out to examine agreement between recording systems. For beat-to-beat (RR) interval, uncorrected and corrected data were highly correlated irrespective of the recording system and recording time (r > 0.99, P < 0.001). For HRV variables, standard deviation of RR interval and root mean square of successive RR intervals, correlations higher than 0.9 were obtained between uncorrected and corrected ECG but not Polar data. The RR interval, HR, and HRV from corrected Televet and Polar data at no time differed between the recording systems. However, with the increase in recording time, the RR interval decreased (P < 0.001). Thus, for comparisons, recording intervals of similar length should be chosen. Correlations among RR interval, HR, and HRV variables obtained by ECG and HRMs were highly significant at all recording times (r > 0.9, P < 0.001). Correlations increased with increasing recording time. Bland-Altman graphs showed a strong agreement between HRMs and ECG and mean RR intervals, HR, and HRV variables were close to identical. In conclusion, Polar HRMs are as adequate as ECG recordings in horses. Owing to a low HR in stationary horses, recording times below 2 minutes will underestimate changes in HR and HRV.     

Heart rate and heart rate variability in the pregnant mare and its foetus

Abortion and preterm birth of foals are major reasons for reproductive losses in the horse. Risk pregnancies require close supervision so that adequate treatment can be initiated in time. The aim of this study was to determine normal values in heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) of the pregnant mare compared to her foetus and to detect physiological changes during ongoing gestation. In mares, the RR interval decreased from 1480±29 ms on day 270 of pregnancy to 1190±58 ms on day 330 of pregnancy (p<0.05). In contrast, foetal RR interval increased during the same time period from 611±23 ms on day 270 of gestation to 756±25 ms on day 330 of gestation (p<0.05). Concomitantly, maternal HR increased and foetal HR decreased. No further changes in RR interval occurred during the last 10 days before foaling, neither in the mare nor the foetus. In the last hours preceding parturition, maternal RR interval was lower than at all times earlier in pregnancy (average of 1037±13 ms) but did not change during this time. Maternal HRV did not change during gestation. Marked changes in HRV occurred only during the last minutes of foaling. Then, all HRV variables increased significantly (standard deviation of beat-to-beat interval: p=0.01, root mean square of successive beat-to-beat differences: p<0.01). The cardiovascular system of pregnant mares adapted to the demands of ongoing pregnancy with an increase in HR. We have no evidence that in healthy mares, pregnancy is a major stressor.