老芒麦栽培技术探讨

根据老芒麦栽培及利用的实践工作基础,提出了老芒麦栽培、利用、复壮及更新技术,以期为今后牧草的栽培工作提供参考。     

奶牛场粪污处理与资源化利用技术研究进展

奶牛场粪污未经处理还田或排放不仅污染环境,而且影响奶牛业的持续健康发展。以粪污的物理形态为分类依据,概述了奶牛场粪污的主要危害、处理及资源化利用技术,包括固体粪便处理技术、污水处理技术、微生物发酵床技术及处理产物的利用,简要分析了奶牛场粪污处理与资源化利用存在的主要问题及今后的发展方向,其目的在于为粪污处理与资源化利用提供参考。     

番茄酱渣饲用价值的研究进展

对目前番茄酱渣的饲用价值及加工利用方面的研究进行了综述,阐述了番茄酱渣营养成分分析的结果,比较了不同方法调制下番茄酱渣饲料的特点、利用方法及饲用效果,并对其在利用方面存在的问题进行了探讨,为番茄酱渣的加工利用及开发新型饲料提供参考。     

老芒麦栽培技术探讨

根据老芒麦栽培及利用的实践工作基础,提出了老芒麦栽培、利用、复壮及更新技术,以期为今后牧草的栽培工作提供参考.     

番茄酱渣饲用价值的研究进展

对目前番茄酱渣的饲用价值及加工利用方面的研究进行了综述,阐述了番茄酱渣营养成分分析的结果,比较了不同方法调制下番茄酱渣饲料的特点、利用方法及饲用效果,并对其在利用方面存在的问题进行了探讨,为番茄酱渣的加工利用及开发新型饲料提供参考.     

沙棘枝叶饲料的研究进展

 论文对沙棘枝叶目前的总体概况、营养成分、饲用价值及加工利用方面的研究进行了综述,阐述了沙棘枝叶作为粗饲料的的常规营养成分、矿物质元素含量、氨基酸含量及黄酮含量的分析结果,并对其在利用方面存在的问题进行了探讨,为沙棘枝叶的加工利用及开发新型饲料提供参考。     

卵生鱼类的内源性营养研究进展(一)

内源性营养物质的组分及比例是卵生鱼类早期发育(胚胎发育或胚胎和卵黄囊仔鱼期发育)的物质基础,是影响卵生鱼类受精率、早期发育、孵化率与成活率的关键内因,并对随后混合性营养期及外源性营养期仔稚鱼的发育及成活起重要作用。文章就卵生鱼类鱼卵的组分、早期发育的蛋白质及氨基酸利用、脂肪及脂肪酸利用、碳水化合物的利用、维生素的利用、微量元素的动态、相关主要酶的变化及亲鱼营养状况对卵中内源性营养物质组分的影响等方面进行简要综述,系统全面地了解卵生鱼类早期发育过程中内源性营养物质组分及主要组分的代谢变动状况,为研究内源性营养调控提供新思路,同时为混合性营养期、外源性营养期及亲鱼期饲料配方研制提供理论依据。     

青海尖扎县草地资源可持续利用探讨

通过对尖扎县草地环境、草地资源现状的综合分析,阐述了限制草地资源可持续利用的环境、资源及经营管理因子,从而提出尖扎县草地资源可持续利用及草地畜牧业发展的对策。     

浅论优质牧草在肉牛饲养中的利用

针对我国肉牛饲养在饲料利用中的误区,结合肉牛的消化及代谢特点,分析了牧草的鲜喂、青贮、干草饲喂以及综合利用4种不同的利用方式及其营养特点,指出优质牧草用于肉牛饲养能充分发挥牧草的优良特性,而且符合我国畜牧业发展要求,值得广泛推广.     

临夏州天然草地资源永续利用对策

根据多年实地观测和收集的资料,简述了临夏州天然草地资源的类型、载畜能力及利用现状,分析了存在的主要问题,提出了草地保护、开发及永续利用的对策.     

Radiological interpretation of the navicular bone

Acquisition of a sufficient number of high quality radiographic views is an essential prerequisite to accurate radiological interpretation of the navicular bone. This requires appropriate preparation of the foot, careful attention to limb position and to both centring and direction of the x‐ray beam, according to hoof capsule conformation. Artefacts are easily created. Potentially significant radiological abnormalities include: entheseiophytes at the proximomedial and proximolateral aspect of the bone; proximal or distal extension of the flexor border of the bone, distal border fragments, 8 or more large and variably shaped distal border radiolucent zones; discrete radiolucent areas in the spongiosa with or without detectable communication with the flexor cortex; new bone at the sagittal ridge; increased thickness of the flexor cortex; sclerosis of the spongiosa; and a bipartite bone.     

Magnetic resonance arthrography of the cubital joint in dogs affected with fragmented medial coronoid processes

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy of intra-articular injection of gadolinium tetra- azacyclododecane tetraacetic acid (gadolinium-DOTA) for delineating fragmented medial coronoid processes (FMCP) and lesions on the medial aspect of the humeral condyle (MAHC). SAMPLE POPULATION: 14 cubital joints in 9 dogs. PROCEDURE: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed with and without intra-articular injection of a solution of 2 mmol of gadolinium-DOTA/L. Arthrographic images obtained after injection of contrast medium were compared with those obtained without contrast medium. Evidence of contrast medium around or in the medial coronoid process and infiltration of contrast medium in subchondral bone lesions was recorded. Twenty-four hours after imaging, arthroscopy was performed, and lesions detected were correlated with results of MRI. RESULTS: An abnormal coronoid process was diagnosed in 13 of 14 joints. A fragmented process (free) was seen in 7 of 14 joints; nondisplaced mineralized medial (in situ) coronoid processes were evident in 4 joints; and nondisplaced unmineralized medial coronoid processes were evident in 2 joints. Lesions on the MAHC were diagnosed in 4 of 12 joints. In 5 joints, a hyperintense signal resulted from contrast medium that infiltrated between the fragmented process and ulna. In 2 joints, contrast medium did not infiltrate completely around the process and was stopped by an isointense structure (ie, abnormal cartilage). Subchondral bone lesions were enhanced by use of contrast medium. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of arthrography enabled us to identify FMCP easily, but did not provide important additional information about changes on the medial coronoid process, compared with MRI performed without contrast medium.     

Scintigraphic evaluation of tissue viability after gunshot injury in a dog.

Triple-phase bone scintigraphy was used to evaluate tissue viability in the forelimb of a dog after gunshot injury. This technique was reliable, noninvasive, and easily performed. It was used to complement radiography by providing functional, rather than structural, assessment of tissues on the basis of regional vascular patterns. In this dog, vascular impairment caused by trauma appeared as photopenic or "cold" spots during immediate (vascular), soft tissue and bone phases of the scintigraphic study. On the basis of gross morphologic and scintigraphic findings, forelimb amputation was performed.     

Deep erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone diagnosed by standing magnetic resonance imaging

Reasons for performing study: Erosion of the palmar (flexor) aspect of the navicular bone is difficult to diagnose with conventional imaging techniques. Objectives: To review the clinical, magnetic resonance (MR) and pathological features of deep erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone. Methods: Cases of deep erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone, diagnosed by standing low field MR imaging, were selected. Clinical details, results of diagnostic procedures, MR features and pathological findings were reviewed. Results: Deep erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone were diagnosed in 16 mature horses, 6 of which were bilaterally lame. Sudden onset of lameness was recorded in 63%. Radiography prior to MR imaging showed equivocal changes in 7 horses. The MR features consisted of focal areas of intermediate or high signal intensity on T1‐, T2*‐ and T2‐weighted images and STIR images affecting the dorsal aspect of the deep digital flexor tendon, the fibrocartilage of the palmar aspect, subchondral compact bone and medulla of the navicular bone. On follow‐up, 7/16 horses (44%) had been subjected to euthanasia and only one was being worked at its previous level. Erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone were confirmed post mortem in 2 horses. Histologically, the lesions were characterised by localised degeneration of fibrocartilage with underlying focal osteonecrosis and fibroplasia. The adjacent deep digital flexor tendon showed fibril formation and fibrocartilaginous metaplasia. Conclusions: Deep erosions of the palmar aspect of the navicular bone are more easily diagnosed by standing low field MR imaging than by conventional radiography. The lesions involve degeneration of the palmar fibrocartilage with underlying osteonecrosis and fibroplasia affecting the subchondral compact bone and medulla, and carry a poor prognosis for return to performance. Potential relevance: Diagnosis of shallow erosive lesions of the palmar fibrocartilage may allow therapeutic intervention earlier in the disease process, thereby preventing progression to deep erosive lesions.     

Wound Healing and Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials After Experimental Ventral Tympanic Bulla Osteotomy in Dogs

Ventral tympanic bulla osteotomy was performed in 13 normal dogs to evaluate healing and retention of brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BSAEP). Healing was evaluated by gross and microscopic examination of the middle ears after 1 (n = 2), 4 (n = 8), 5 (n = 1), and 6 (n = 1) weeks. One dog was eliminated from the study. Brain stem auditory evoked potentials were measured using an air-conducted sound stimulus before and after surgery and before killing. Nine of 12 dogs re-formed the tympanic bulla by formation of fibrous connective tissue lined with cuboidal epithelium in the osteotomy site. Four of the nine dogs had a reduced tympanic bulla volume (estimated 20% to 40% volume reduction) caused by soft tissue ingrowth through the osteotomy. Nine of 12 dogs had proliferation of subperiosteal new bone from the inner surface of the tympanic bulla that varied in severity. Three of these nine dogs had nearly complete obliteration of the tympanic cavity by proliferating subperiosteal new bone. Eight dogs had nodules of granulation tissue containing new bone and mineralization diffusely distributed on the surfaces of the middle ear. The measured BSAEP sensitivity before killing was equivalent to preoperative levels in 11 dogs. The remaining dog had no change in auditory sensitivity after surgery but had a markedly reduced BSAEP detection threshold before killing. This appeared to be attributable to mechanical impingement on the ossicles and tympanic membrane by proliferating bone within the tympanic cavity. This study showed that after ventral tympanic bulla osteotomy the tympanic bulla rapidly re-forms with no deleterious effect on hearing in most dogs treated. However, the internal surfaces of the middle ear appear to be sensitive to surgical trauma, and extensive new bone proliferation is easily induced. This response may be extreme, resulting in middle ear obliteration and reduced auditory sensitivity.     

A Macro‐Anatomical Investigation of the Some Skull Bones of Nehring's Blind Mole Rats (Spalacidae: Nannospalax nehringi)

This study was aimed to demonstrate the specific anatomical features of the skull bones of Nehring's blind mole rats. Eight skulls, belonging to animals of both sexes, were used. The occipital squama contributed to the formation of the caudal portion of the skull roof. The foramen magnum was quite large. The external occipital crest was present only in the males. The parietal bones formed the middle portion of the skull roof together with the well‐developed inter‐parietal bones. The zygomatic process of the temporal bone formed the zygomatic arch by extending to the temporal process of the zygomatic bone. The zygomatic process of the frontal bone and the frontal process of the zygomatic bone laterally bordered the orbit. There was a single septal process of the nasal bone. Each ramus of the mandibula had four processes. The mandibular ramus had an angular process on its caudal rim, which extended dorsolaterally. The dorsal free end of the mandibular ramus possessed a coronoid process. In the back, there were two other processes, situated medially and laterally. The medially situated process was referred to as a condylar process, and the laterally situated process was referred to as an alveolar process. The alveolar process detected on the mandibular ramus has not been reported in any rodent species, other than those of the family Spalacidae. Blind mole rats can be a real eye‐opener for evolutionary science. The burrowing rodents are key to answering a controversial question about how new species arise.     

硒对糖尿病大鼠骨密度影响的初步研究

本试验通过给SD大鼠注射链尿佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)破坏其胰脏以复制糖尿病模型,通过在饲料中添加不同浓度和形态的硒研究了硒对骨密度(BMD)的影响。结论:糖尿病大鼠较易继发骨质疏松,其骨密度下降以胫骨、肱骨出现最早;低硒组患鼠骨密度下降加快;高硒组能延缓患鼠骨密度下降;硒的形态对糖尿病患鼠骨密度影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

维生素D受体基因与骨代谢关系的研究

维生素D(VD)与骨代谢的钙磷吸收有着非常密切的关系,其体内活性形式为1,25 (OH)₂D₃。而VD受体（VDR）是介导1,25 (OH)₂D₃发挥生物效应的核内生物大分子。近年来,随着对骨病研究的深入,对VDR基因与骨代谢关系的研究越来越受到国内外学者的重视。在不同群体甚至不同个体中,VDR基因极容易表现出多态性。目前大量的研究集中在VDR基因4个单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）位点FokI、BsmI、ApaI、TaqI与骨代谢之间的关系。作者分别从钙吸收、骨量、骨密度、骨质疏松、佝偻病等方面对VDR基因与骨代谢关系进行综述。     

OPG/RANKL/RANK系统的生理功能

骨是一个代谢活跃的器官,在整个生命周期中都在进行不断的更新与重建。在骨形态发生和重建的过程中主要受到细胞因子和激素的调节,同时骨代谢也受到OPG/RANKL/RANK系统的调控。论文主要对骨骼生理结构与骨组织细胞之间的关系,骨代谢和骨的形成过程,OPG/RANKL/RANK系统的生理功能,OPG/RANKL/RANK系统的影响因子以及骨代谢紊乱所引起的疾病几个方面作一综述。     

骨代谢相关血液生化指标的研究进展

骨代谢包括骨合成和骨吸收两个过程。受到很多因素的影响,遗传、营养、环境、性别及内分泌等都是关键调节因素。当骨吸收过程大于骨合成过程,导致骨量流失,骨密度降低,进一步发展为骨质疏松症。骨代谢过程受到内分泌的影响,很多骨代谢血液生化指标对骨病的研究起到重要作用。近年来,国内外大量的研究报道了与骨代谢相关的血液生化指标。作者着重对血钙与血磷、甲状旁腺激素、1,25-二羟维生素D₃、白细胞介素、血清总碱磷酶和骨碱磷酶等骨代谢血液生化指标对骨形成和分解的影响进行了综述。