1株猪源基因Ⅰ型乙型脑炎病毒的分离鉴定及遗传进化分析

乙型脑炎是由日本乙型脑炎病毒引起的急性、自然疫源性蚊媒传播人兽共患传染病。猪是JEV最重要的宿主,监测和预防猪乙脑的发生对于人乙脑的防控具有重要意义。本研究通过RT-PCR、细胞接种、乳鼠脑内接种、电镜观察等方法,从广西某猪场的猪脑组织样品中分离了1株乙型脑炎病毒,命名为GX1209。全基因组测序结果表明,该毒株基因组为10 965 bp。系统进化分析表明该毒株属基因Ⅰ型,与基因Ⅰ型XJ69毒株核苷酸和氨基酸同源性最高,达到99%,而与SA14、SA14-14-2、P3等Ⅲ型毒株的氨基酸同源性分别为98%、97%、98%。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征弱毒疫苗的安全性及效力试验

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（ＰＲＲＳ）弱毒株能在Ｍａｒｃ－１４５细胞上正常增殖,经克隆纯化后测得其毒价为１０＾７．４１ＴＣＩＤ５０／ｍＬ。克隆株对乳鼠、低日龄乳猪和妊娠母猪具有很高的安全性;３日龄乳猪用１０＾－１、１０－１稀释的病毒液接种后,能抵御＾５．８ＴＣＩＤ５０／ｍＬ的ＰＲＲＳ强毒攻击;后备母猪在接种克隆株病毒后于妊娠８５ｄ用ＰＲＲＳ强毒攻击,结果不发生流产;妊娠母猪接种克降株病毒原液后,足月产时其     

日本乙型脑炎病毒的分离与鉴定

收集一例疑为乙型脑炎病毒感染的种公猪肿大的睾丸病料,并将其处理制成匀浆过滤后,用乳鼠脑内接毒和细胞接毒相结合的方法盲传并分离病毒,然后设计一对PrM/E基因的特异性引物,采用RT-PCR方法对所分离的病毒进行鉴定,并将其PrM/E基因扩增产物测序,测序结果与乙型脑炎GenBank登陆的SA14-14-2株(AF315119)和SA14株(U14163)进行比较。结果表明,所分离病毒的PrM/E基因序列与JEV强毒株SA14和弱毒株SA14-14-2相应序列同源性分别为98.1%和97.1%,证实分离毒株为乙型脑炎病毒。     

猪乙脑传代细胞活疫苗(SAI4-14-2株)对仔猪的安全性试验

评价以Vero细胞为基质的猪乙脑传代细胞活疫苗(SA14-14-2株)对仔猪的安全性,将猪乙脑传代细胞活疫苗,通过1次超剂量(10倍剂量)免疫40~45日龄的仔猪,同时设立病毒液组、冻干保护剂组、空白对照组,监测仔猪体温和临床症状,采集免疫前和免疫后第1、2、3、5、7天血浆,仔猪于免疫后第14天无菌取脑组织。对采集的血样及脑组织进行蚀斑检测,并对血样及脑组织盲传3代的细胞培养液进行RT-PCR检测。结果,试验猪免疫前后临床观察、体温,免疫后接种部位均未见异常。蚀斑法和RT-PCR法检测各试验组仔猪血浆和脑组织提取液均未检出乙脑病毒。表明以Vero细胞为基质的猪乙脑传代细胞活疫苗(SA14-14-2株)对仔猪是安全的。     

伪狂犬病毒弱毒株若干生物学特性（摘要）

本文报道了应用本所１９６２年分离的伪狂犬病毒闽Ａ株强毒为种毒（简称ＰＲＶＦＡ）。该病毒株在乳地鼠肾和乳兔肾原代细胞上传５００代后，对多种家畜仍保持原来的毒力。后采用蚀班克隆，筛选直径小于２ｍｍ的小斑，并结合低温诱变，选育出伪狂犬病毒弱毒株（简称ＰＲＶＦＢ）。该弱毒株特性：对２ｋｇ重的家兔仍有３５％发病死亡或麻痹和奇痒症状，其中有极少数耐过康复；对乳猪已无致病性；对其它家畜的奇痒症诱发力消失；．用家兔和乳猪盲传未发现返强；接种动物同居感染未发现水平传播；制成冻干弱毒疫苗的病毒最低滴度为ＬｏｇＴＣＩＤ５０＝５．０；接种多种家畜安全有效。     

重组伪狂犬病病毒SA215(C)株的构建及其对小鼠的免疫原性

为了研制猪2型圆环病毒（PCV2）基因工程疫苗,以伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）基因缺失疫苗株SA215为病毒载体,通过同源重组,构建了共表达PCV2ORF2基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因重组伪狂犬病病毒SA215（C）株。经PCR、Southern blotting、Western blotting等证实SA215（C）构建正确,并能表达具有活性的ORF2基因蛋白和荧光蛋白。SA215（C）在IBRS-2、ST细胞中的增殖滴度与亲本株SA215相比无显著差异,表明外源基因的插入不影响病毒增殖。用SA215（C）免疫BALB/c小鼠10周后检测免疫小鼠PCV2抗体和PRV中和抗体及细胞免疫反应。结果显示,SA215（C）诱导小鼠产生了PCV2和PRV抗体并出现PCV2的细胞免疫反应。另外,以105TCID50的SA215（C）株接种BALB/c小鼠,接种后28d再接种1次,2次接种后2周,用107TCID50PRVFa和PCV2强毒联合进行攻击,结果免疫小鼠抵抗住强毒的攻击,获得了保护;表明该毒株具有很强的免疫原性,为研制安全、有效的PCV2-PRV二价基因工程疫苗奠定了基础。     

猪繁殖呼吸综合征病毒S3毒株的分离及其免疫特性研究

从某猪场仔猪体内分离到一株PPRSV毒株，该毒株能在Marc-145细胞上增殖产生致细胞病变，该病变能被PPRSV美洲型阳性血清所抑制，不被乙脑病毒、猪细小病毒、伪狂犬病毒阳性血清所抑制，经美洲型PPRSV荧光抗体染色呈阳性反应，电镜观察到直径55－60nm的病毒粒子，接种阴性仔猪未见临床症状异常，但抗体检测阳性。命名该分离毒为PPRSV－S3毒株。在S3弱毒株分离鉴定的基础上，进一步在猪体上对其致病性和免疫力进行研究。S3毒株接种仔猪后，仔猪不表现任何症状，也不向外排毒。4－5周龄的仔猪接种S3株后可产生坚强的免疫力，免疫后4－6个月能抵抗强毒攻击。后备母猪配种前2－3周免疫接种S3株，怀孕90－95d攻强毒，未发生流产、死胎、木乃伊胎、产弱仔等繁殖障碍现象。结果表明，S3是一株自然分离的弱毒株，且具有良好的安全性和免疫力。     

禽脑脊髓炎病毒HMM08株的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

为明确禽脑脊髓炎(AE)病毒自分离流行毒株的生物学特性,以用于禽脑脊髓炎灭活疫苗的研制,以发病雏鸡脑组织为材料,进行SPF鸡回归试验、PCR检测、SPF鸡胚分离培养有限稀释纯化、特异性试验等,得到一株禽脑脊髓炎病毒,命名为HM08株,对该分离毒株的生物学特性进行研究的结果表明:该毒株纯净、无外源病毒污染,E1代病毒含量达到10~(5.56)EID_(50)/0.2 mL,E2代至E15代病毒含量稳定在10~(7.0)EID_(50)/0.2 mL以上;100倍稀释的E1代毒种,经卵黄囊途径接种6日胚龄SPF鸡胚,12 d内,引起AE特征性病变的病变率达100%;用E1代毒按照500 EID50/只对1日龄、7周龄的SPF鸡脑内接种,出现AE特征性病变的病变率达100%;以该毒制成的疫苗0.3 mL/羽份免疫鸡,能获得100%保护。表明HM08株是一株较好的AE疫苗候选毒株。     

猪日本乙型脑炎疫苗毒株致病的诊断分析

为了查清某猪场猪只出现睾丸肿大、发亮、萎缩等现象的原因,试验采用RT-PCR扩增、细胞接种试验、动物接种试验、分子生物学等方法对送检的精液和睾丸样品进行诊断研究。结果表明:RT-PCR扩增能检出乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)特异性核酸阳性条带;用该毒株接种单层BHK-21细胞,可使细胞发生病变,但不致死乳鼠;与SA14-14-2疫苗株相比,在该毒株E基因序列上279位(蛋氨酸→赖氨酸)和447位(天冬氨酸→甘氨酸)氨基酸发生突变,氨基酸位点的突变致使毒株毒力增强,从而导致该猪场公猪出现睾丸肿大等临床症状。     

猪流行性腹泻弱毒疫苗的研究

用从广州地区流行性腹泻病猪分离并适应到Ｖｅｒｏ等传代细胞的猪流行性腹泻病毒Ｇ１强毒株，通过Ｖｅｒｏ、ＳＴ细胞株的连续传代，证明第７２代毒已被致弱。用８３代毒对吃初乳前的小猪以８￣１０ｍｌ剂量口服连续传５代，每代都从接种猪小肠取样接种细胞进行培养鉴定，并于增殖后作为次代接种材料，结果５代毒均未引起小猪发病，证实该代次毒株的安全、稳定、达到了常规弱毒疫苗株要求的标准。     

猪细小病毒N株的生物学和免疫学特性研究

猪细小病毒N株是从广西初产母猪所产死胎脏器分离的自然弱毒株。用这个毒株接种PPV HI抗体阴性的四月龄小猪和怀孕14～23天的后备母猪进行安全性试验,结果无任何异常临床症状、病毒血症和同居感染,母猪分娩正常,初生仔猪在吃初乳前HI抗体阴性。该毒株免疫的小猪、后备母猪和怀孕母猪,完全能抵抗猪细小病毒强毒攻击,攻毒后49天剖杀母猪,结果胎儿正常,胎儿心血HI抗体阴性,取胎儿脏器未分离出病毒,分娩母猪产仔正常,仔猪吃初乳前HI抗体阴性。而对照猪攻毒后产生病毒血症,产下不同组合异常仔,并从死胎儿脏器分离出病毒,健活仔猪吃初乳前能测出HI抗体。从而证明用N株作为弱毒苗能防止由猪细小病毒引起的繁殖障碍性疾病。     

猪乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗的安全性和免疫原性试验

将猪用JEV减毒株SA14-14-2VS制备的活疫苗脑内注射3周龄小白鼠,不能使小鼠致病。用不同剂量活苗注射后备母猪,均未出现任何不良的临床反应。用后备母猪进行免疫原性试验,能产生良好的免疫应答。免疫该疫苗的初产母猪能抵抗JEV强毒的攻击,不产生病毒血症,对胎儿感染的保护率达100%。因此,该减毒活疫苗具有可靠的安全性,良好的免疫原性。     

猪乙型脑炎病毒在Vero细胞上的繁殖特性及其灭活疫苗的免疫原性研究

试验旨在对猪乙型脑炎病毒（JEV,SA14-14-2株）在传代细胞上的繁殖培养特性及其制备的灭活疫苗免疫原性进行研究,确定猪JEV在细胞培养瓶中培养的关键技术参数及其灭活疫苗的免疫原性。以Vero细胞培养病毒,通过接种时间、接毒量、吸附时间、吸附温度、维持液pH、维持培养温度及培养时间7个条件的优化,将繁殖的病毒液冻融一次,采用病毒蚀斑数测定方法测定病毒滴度。按照优化好的条件繁殖一批毒液,经β-丙内酯灭活,与双相佐剂混合,制备成猪乙型脑炎灭活疫苗。两次免疫（间隔14 d）接种乙型脑炎抗体阴性仔猪,首次免疫前（0 d）、免疫后第7、14、21、28、35、42天采集血清,检测血清中和抗体。二免后第28天进行乙型脑炎P3强毒的攻击,攻毒前（0 d）、攻毒后第1、2、3、5、7、9天采集血浆,攻毒后第14天剖杀免疫猪,采集脑组织,检测血浆和脑组织中JEV。结果显示,用细胞培养瓶进行培养,将Vero细胞培养至48 h进行病毒接种,接种量为1 000 PFU/mL,病毒吸附温度为37℃,吸附时间为90 min,吸附后用pH 7.6~8.8维持液继续培养,培养温度为35℃,培养96 h后收获毒液,冻融一次,可获得较高滴度的病毒。仔猪免疫制备的灭活疫苗后血清抗体水平迅速升高,血浆和脑组织中均未检测出JEV,免疫组试验猪能抵抗强毒攻击,可获得有效免疫保护。本试验结果为猪乙型脑炎疫苗的生产提供了参考依据。     

猪伪狂犬病基因缺失活疫苗(SA215)免疫母猪后仔猪母源抗体消长规律及首免日龄

在研究猪伪狂犬病基因缺失活疫苗 (SA 2 15 )免疫接种母猪所产仔猪母源抗体消长规律 ,并绘制其消长曲线的基础上 ,确定了仔猪首免日龄。对免疫母猪所产仔猪于不同日龄进行抗体检测结果表明 ,全部仔猪均获得了高水平母源抗体 ,7日龄高达 2 8.56 ,6 0日龄降至 2 2 .56 ;随着日龄增长 ,抗体水平呈逐渐降低趋势 ,2次大幅下降出现在 14～ 2 1日龄、30～ 6 0日龄。对免疫母猪所产仔猪分别于不同日龄免疫接种 1头份剂量疫苗 (SA2 15 ) ,7d后采血进行抗体检测 ,结果表明 ,7日龄、14日龄、2 1日龄免疫接种仔猪均未引起明显抗体水平升高 ,反而较同期仔猪略有降低 ,30日龄和 6 0日龄免疫接种仔猪则出现了抗体水平的升高 ,其中以 6 0日龄仔猪升高幅度为大。结合母源抗体消长规律 ,确定猪伪狂犬病基因缺失活疫苗 (SA2 15 )免疫母猪所产仔猪的首免日龄为 30日龄     

Experimental infection of pregnant gilts with swine hepatitis E virus

To determine the effect of swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection on pregnant gilts, their fetuses, and offspring, 12 gilts were intravenously inoculated with swine HEV. Six gilts, who were not inoculated, served as controls. All inoculated gilts became actively infected and shed HEV in feces, but vertical transmission was not detected in the fetuses. There was no evidence of clinical disease in the gilts or their offspring. Mild multifocal lymphohistiocytic hepatitis was observed in 4 of 12 inoculated gilts. There was no significant effect of swine HEV on fetal size, fetal viability, or offspring birth weight or weight gain. The offspring acquired anti-HEV colostral antibodies but remained seronegative after the antibodies waned by 71 days of age. Swine HEV infection induced subclinical hepatitis in pregnant gilts, but had no effect on the gilts' reproductive performance, or the fetuses or offspring. Fulminant hepatitis associated with HEV infection was not reproduced in gilts.     

Exposure of sero-positive gilts to swine influenza virus may cause a few stillbirths per litter

Six pregnant gilts were purchased from a high health herd and were found to be serologically positive for swine influenza virus (SIV) subtype H3N2. Three of the gilts, at 80 to 82 days of gestation, were experimentally exposed a second time to the same SIV subtype--H3N2. No clinical signs resulted from the second exposure to SIV and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titers for SIV at 4 weeks postexposure were unchanged suggesting that the gilts had not been reinfected. However, the second exposure to SIV affected the number of pigs born alive. Each of the 3 litters from the twice exposed gilts suffered 2 or 3 stillborn piglets per litter. In contrast the 3 matched, sero-positive gilts that were not exposed to SIV (controls) had no stillborn piglets. These differences were statistically significant using a t-test for unequal variances (P = 0.0086). Sera from 2 of the stillborn piglets were negative for HI antibodies and there was no indication from the pigs born alive that the H3N2 virus had crossed the placenta.     

Transplacental infection of porcine fetuses following experimental challenge inoculation with encephalomyocarditis virus.

Ten multiparous sows were inoculated between 46 and 50 days of gestation with a fetal swine isolate of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) to investigate the ability of the virus to cause transplacental infection and fetal death. Four sows (group 1) were inoculated IM with EMCV MN-25 that had been passaged 4 times on baby hamster kidney-21 line cell monolayers. Two sows were euthanatized at postinoculation (PI) day 23, and the other 2 sows at PI day 44. An additional 6 sows (group 2) were inoculated IM with the same virus that had been passaged 5 additional times in pigs. Two sows were euthanatized at 14 days, and the remaining 4 sows at PI day 28. Clinical signs were not observed in any of the sows, whereas all sows seroconverted to EMCV. In group 1, only 2 of 50 fetuses were mummified. Virus was not recovered, although EMCV antibodies were detected in the 2 mummified fetuses. In group 2, the 2 sows that were euthanatized at PI day 14 had 26 normal fetuses and there was no evidence of fetal infection. However, in the 4 sows euthanatized at PI day 28, 20 of 48 fetuses were mummified, hemorrhagic, or edematous. Encephalomyocarditis virus was recovered from 21 of 48 fetuses. Transplacental infection and fetal deaths in pregnant sows was achieved following infection with EMCV passaged in pigs.     

Multiplication of low and high cell culture passaged strains of transmissible gastroenteritis virus in organs of newborn piglets

Distribution and persistence of four different strains of transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus in newborn piglets were compared.The piglets inoculated with high-passaged TO-163 strain did not show any clinical signs of TGE on any days postinoculation (DPI), but the piglets inoculated with one of the other three strains, SH-14, SH-164 or TO-16, had soft feces or diarrhea. In the latter cases, the virus was isolated mainly from respiratory organs, lymph nodes, and digestive tract on any DPI, but was rarely detected in the digestive tract of piglets inoculated with the TO-163 strain. The frequency of virus recovery from the tissues was the highest till 4 DPI in all of the piglets inoculated with one of the four virus strains, and it was markedly reduced thereafter in the piglets inoculated with high-passaged strains.The TO-163 strain was subjected to serial passage in newborn piglets for seven passages. There was no evidence of regained pathogenicity with advance in passage, and detection of virus was restricted to lymph nodes and lung of these piglets.In gnotobiotic piglets inoculated with the TO-163 strain, frequent virus recovery and high titers of virus from the tissues were obtained on up to the 4th DPI. The viruses in high titer were found in the digestive tract of some of the piglets; however, none of them showed any clinical signs of TGE.     

The shedding of group A rotavirus antigen in a newly established closed specific pathogen-free swine herd.

A longitudinal study was undertaken in a newly established specific pathogen-free (SPF) swine herd to determine the dynamics of rotavirus antigen shedding in a closed swine facility. Pregnant SPF gilts which populated the herd, and their offspring, were monitored weekly for three consecutive lactations. Fecal samples were assayed for the presence of group-specific viral antigen by a solid phase immunoassay (ELISA). Results indicate that in the week prior to farrow, 35% of samples from gilts/sows contained rotavirus antigen. During nursing, 37% of the gilts'/sows' fecal samples also contained virus antigen. Over the course of three farrowings, every gilt/sow in the herd excreted virus antigen. Virus antigen was present in 25% of the samples tested from nursing pigs and in 70% of the samples tested from pigs in the postnursing period; 95% of the litters excreted virus antigen either while nursing or postweaning. Seasonal incidence in virus antigen excretion was noted with proportionally more suckling pigs virus antigen-positive in summer and proportionally more sows/gilts positive during winter. Diarrhea occurred only rarely in the sampled population. Although piglets shed rotavirus subclinically, ELISA positive feces from piglets of each lactation caused severe disease when fed to neonatal gnotobiotic pigs. Electropherotyping of these passaged viruses indicated minor variation in RNA banding patterns over time.     

接种猪瘟兔化弱毒株的永生化猪血管内皮细胞传代情况研究

在传至70代的永生化猪血管内皮细胞接种猪瘟兔化弱毒,72 h后收取细胞上清液并对处理的细胞进行传代培养,分别检测第70、75、80、90、100、105代接毒细胞中病毒,观察各代细胞的生长情况。结果表明,接种猪瘟兔化弱毒后20代(第90代永生化猪血管内皮细胞)的细胞与正常的形态相似,但传至接毒后35代(第105代永生化猪血管内皮细胞)时,细胞稍有拉长现象。各代次细胞中都有猪瘟兔化弱毒的检出。本研究为永生化猪血管内皮细胞生产猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗奠定了基础。