反相高效液相色谱法测定对羟基肉桂酸口服液中对羟基肉桂酸的含量

本试验旨在建立高效液相色谱法测定对羟基肉桂酸口服液中对羟基肉桂酸的含量。采用Waters XTerra〖KG-*4〗〖XC1.TIF〗RP18（4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,以甲醇－1%乙酸溶液（40∶60）为流动相,检测波长为310 nm,流速1 mL/min,温度为室温。结果显示对羟基肉桂酸在2～500 μg/mL范围内,线性关系良好（r＝0.999952）,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.5%,平均回收率为98.22%～101.07%。该方法简便、快速、准确,可用于对羟基肉桂酸口服液的质量控制。     

超高效液相色谱法测定紫锥菊根末中单咖啡酰酒石酸和菊苣酸的含量

为了快速测定紫锥菊根末中主成分单咖啡酰酒石酸和菊苣酸的含量建立了超高效液相色谱法（UPLC）。采用ACQUITY UPLCTM C18色谱柱（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm)为分离柱,柱温：35℃;以乙腈-0.4%磷酸水溶液,进行梯度洗脱;流速：0.35 mL/min;进样量：1 μL;检测波长为330 nm。通过光谱图、保留时间和峰面积参数对单咖啡酰酒石酸和菊苣酸进行定性定量检测。单咖啡酰酒石酸在0.5~25 μg/mL的范围内线性关系良好（R2>0.999）;方法检出限为0.5 μg/mL,方法定量限为1 μg/mL; 菊苣酸在1~50 μg/mL的范围内线性良好（R2>0.999）;方法检出限为1 μg/mL,方法定量限为2 μg/mL,完全满足检测需求。该方法色谱分离较好,分析速度较快,前处理简单,适用于紫锥菊根末中单咖啡酰酒石酸和菊苣酸的定性定量检测。     

HPLC法测定舒肝益脾合剂中咖啡酸的含量

为建立舒肝益脾合剂中咖啡酸的HPLC分析,采用Dianonsil C18（5μm×250mm×4.6mm）色谱柱,以甲醇—磷酸盐缓冲液（pH值为4.0,甲醇∶磷酸为13∶87）为流动相洗脱,流速为1.0mL/min,检测波长为323nm,柱温为35℃。结果表明,咖啡酸在0.0396～0.7920μg范围内线性关系良好,r=1,平均加样回收率为99.0%（RSD=2.30%）。该方法操作简单,重现性好,结果稳定,可有效地控制舒肝益脾合剂的质量。     

HPLC法测定二氧化氯乳头消毒剂中乳酸的含量

建立HPLC法测定二氧化氯乳头消毒剂中乳酸的含量并研究此方法的耐用性。采用HPLC法,色谱柱为资生堂Capcell Pak C18 MG（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为0.1%磷酸水溶液-乙腈（97.5:2.5,V/V）,检测波长为215 nm,流速为1 mL/min,柱温为35℃,进样量为20 μL。结果表明：乳酸在200～1 000 μg/mL内线性关系良好（R2=0.9999）,检测限为5 μg/mL,定量限为13 μg/mL,精密度试验峰面积RSD均符合标准,平均回收率为98.50%,供试品工作液在24 h内稳定。耐用性试验结果显示,在测试范围内,检测波长、流速、柱温、流动相比例和色谱柱对样品中乳酸的含量测定均无影响,且分离度符合要求。结论：此方法操作简易,可靠性高,可以用作该乳头消毒剂中乳酸的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定金叶清瘟散中绿原酸和咖啡酸的含量

为了建立一种同时测定金叶清瘟散中绿原酸和咖啡酸的高效液相色谱法,选用Agilent C18色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,乙腈∶0.4%磷酸溶液（12∶88）等度洗脱,进样量10μL,流速1 mL/min,波长为328 nm进行检测。结果显示,被测物质能与样品中杂质有效分离,绿原酸和咖啡酸分别在5.0~500μg/mL和2.5~250μg/mL的范围内呈良好线性关系,两种药物的添加回收率均高于95%,RSD小于2%。该方法简便、快速、准确,适用于金叶清瘟散中绿原酸和咖啡酸的同时检测。     

中兽药复方涂膜剂乳炎清体外透皮效果研究

目的：评价中兽药复方涂膜剂乳炎清于奶牛乳房皮肤的透皮效果。方法：以中兽药复方涂膜剂乳炎清中绿原酸成分为标记物，运用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定透过液中绿原酸的含量，评价中兽药复方涂膜剂乳炎清中绿原酸透过皮肤的动力学特征。结果：动力学曲线类似零级动力学，说明乳炎清涂膜剂具有维持恒定的血药浓度或药理效应、延长作用时间等优点。结论：中兽药复方涂膜剂乳炎清对奶牛乳房皮肤具有一定的透皮效果。     

超高效液相色谱法测定原料药中加米霉素的含量

研究建立超高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列法（UPLC-PDA）测定加米霉素原料中主成分加米霉素的含量。采用反相超高效液相色谱法对加米霉素进行色谱分离和快速定量测定。方法采用ACQUITY UPLCTM CSH C18色谱柱（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm)为分离柱,柱温：35℃;以氨水(0.1:30)-乙腈为流动相（30:70）进行等度洗脱;流速：0.45 mL/min;进样量：1 μL;检测波长为208 nm。通过光谱图、保留时间和峰面积参数对加米霉素进行定性、定量检测。加米霉素在80~1600 μg/mL的范围内线性关系良好（R2=0.9996）;方法检测限为40 μg/mL、定量限为80 μg/mL,系统适应性试验色谱柱耐受性良好,添加回收率99.80%,完全满足检测需求。研究建立的UPLC方法色谱分离较好,分析速度较快,前处理简单,适用于加米霉素原料中主成分加米霉素含量的检测。     

UFLC-MS/MS法同时测定龙胆中7个活性成分的含量

建立可同时测定龙胆中7个活性成分（马钱苷酸、獐牙菜苦苷、6"-O-β-D-葡萄糖基龙胆苦苷、龙胆苦苷、 獐牙菜苷、异荭草苷和异牡荆素）含量的超快速液相色谱-串联质谱方法。流动相采用0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)，色谱柱Shim-Pack XR-ODS(75 mm×3.0 mm, 2.2 μm)，梯度洗脱；采用三重四极杆串联质谱仪，电喷雾电离源，正离子模式监测。上述7个成分线性浓度范围分别为2.5-100 μg?mL-1（r = 0.9996）、1-40 μg?mL-1（r = 0.9995）、1-40 μg?mL-1（r = 0.9995）、5-200 μg?mL-1（r = 0.9996）、0.1-4 μg?mL-1（r = 0.9995）、0.05-2 μg?mL-1（r = 0.9998）和0.01-0.4 μg?mL-1（r = 0.9995）。6批龙胆样品中上述7个成分的含量分别为0.894%~1.072%、0.260%~0.285%、0.223%~0.268%、3.88%~4.05%、0.00726%~0.00898%、0.000840%~0.00195%和0.000779%~0.00104%。本方法灵敏、稳定，可用于龙胆药材的质量控制。     

乳房炎康复液质量标准研究

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)定量测定乳房炎康复液中主药苦参中苦参碱的含量,用薄层层析法定性鉴别处方中主药蒲公英的主要成分咖啡酸;对乳房炎康复液各主药的化学成分和质量标准进行研究,从而为乳房炎康复液的临床应用和生产提供理论依据。结果显示,薄层层析法可以定性鉴别出处方中的主药蒲公英;HPLC法检测结果显示,苦参碱进样量在0.02 867 mg/mL～0.43 mg/mL范围内与峰面积具有良好的线性关系(R~2=0.999 9),标准曲线回归方程为y=107x-111 716(R~2=0.999 9,n=6)。苦参碱的平均回收率为100.27%,回收率范围在70%～110%之间,RSD=2.95%(n=6)。显示薄层鉴别法可以鉴别主药蒲公英中的主要成分咖啡酸且专属性强;高效液相色谱法准确、灵敏、分离度高、重现性好。所建立的方法可用于乳房炎康复液的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定双葛止泻口服液中绿原酸和葛根素的含量

[摘 要] 建立了同时测定双葛止泻口服液中绿原酸和葛根素含量的测定方法。采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法,使用Waters XBridge C18（250 × 4.6 mm,5 μm）色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.4%磷酸溶液梯度洗脱;检测波长为315 nm;流速为1.0 mL/min;柱温为30 ℃。结果表明,绿原酸浓度在0.008242~0.1030 mg/mL的范围内,与峰面积线性关系良好（r = 1.0000）,平均回收率为99.1%（n = 6）,RSD为1.8%;葛根素浓度在0.02296~0.2871 mg/mL的范围内,与峰面积线性关系良好（r = 1.0000）,平均回收率为98.7%（n = 6）,RSD为1.6%。该方法简单、准确、专属性强,可用于双葛止泻口服液中绿原酸和葛根素的质量控制。     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Prevalence and Intensity of Helminth and Coccidial Infections in Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Hypothalamic dopamine is required for salsolinol‐induced prolactin secretion in goats

The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and salsolinol (SAL) for the secretion of prolactin (PRL) in goats. SAL or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) was intravenously injected into female goats treated with or without the D₂ DA receptor antagonist haloperidol (Hal), which crosses the blood‐brain barrier, and the PRL‐releasing response to SAL was compared with that to TRH. PRL‐releasing responses to SAL, Hal, and Hal plus SAL were also examined after a pretreatment to augment central DA using carbidopa (Carbi) and L‐dopa. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal alone was greater than that to SAL or TRH alone. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus SAL was similar to that of Hal alone. In contrast, the PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus TRH was greater than that to TRH or Hal alone. The treatment with Carbi plus L‐dopa inhibited SAL‐ and Hal‐induced PRL secretion. The inhibition of the PRL‐releasing response to SAL disappeared when SAL was injected with Hal. These results indicate that the mechanisms underlying the SAL‐induced PRL response differ from those of TRH, and suggest that hypothalamic DA and its synthesis is associated in part with SAL‐induced PRL secretion in goats.     

Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory diseases of cattle

The authors describe the procedure of laboratory diagnosis for bovine respiratory diseases: direct diagnosis by isolation and for identification of bacteria or viruses and indirect diagnosis by serological methods. They specify the restraints and limits of this diagnosis and the significance results which are obtained and connected with knowledge of anamnestic information.     

The effect of peri-parturient anthelmintic treatment on the productivity of dairy cattle in subtropical western India

Trials with fenbendazole (Panacur, Hoechst India Ltd) were carried out on two commercial farms in subtropical western India to study the response and economics of nematode treatment in adult dairy cows. Milk yield, lactation length, time to first oestrus and worm egg output were monitored in treated and control groups. Treatment reduced the egg count considerably. Treated cows produced 142 litres more milk over 100 days (p<0.05), with extension of lactation length and advancement of time to first oestrus. The economic gain in terms of milk yield far outweighed the cost of anthelmintic used.     

An Evaluation of the Acceptability as Forage of Some Nutritive and Antinutritive Components and of the Dry Matter Degradation Profiles of Five Species of Ficus

The suitability of five species of Ficus, F. mucoso, F. thonningii, F. polita, F. religiosa and F. benjamina, for feeding ruminant livestock was studied. The nutritive and antinutritive components were determined and the acceptability of the forages to livestock was assessed using a cafeteria method in 8 adult small ruminants. Also, the degradation potential of the dry matter of the five Ficus species was investigated using 3 fistulated sheep. The crude protein (CP) content of the Ficus species varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 130 to 180 g/kg DM. The content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) also varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 650 to 710 g/kg DM. The organic matter (OM) contents did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), having a mean value of 916 g/kg DM. The concentrations of tannin, saponin, phytic acid and oxalic acid were low. The acceptability of the forage was similar for four of the species but poor for F. polita. The extent of DM degradation varied significant among the Ficus species, the ranking order being F. benjamina > F. thonningii > F. mucoso > F. religiosa > F. polita.