小鼠对温和气单胞菌口服缓释微球疫苗的免疫应答

采用中华鳖温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria,As)Z-1株灭活全菌液,以生物降解性高分子材料为载体,制成微球疫苗,口服免疫ICR小鼠,测定了血清中凝集抗体效价、血液中单核-巨噬细胞的吞噬活性以及对活菌攻击的免疫保护力.结果显示小鼠微球疫苗口服免疫后第4周,血清中凝集抗体效价和血液中单核-巨噬细胞的吞噬指数均可达到与灭活菌液注射组相当的水平(P＞0.05),明显高于灭活菌液口服组(P＜0.01);免疫后第7～12周,微球疫苗口服组血清凝集抗体效价显著高于灭活菌液注射组(P＜0.05);微球疫苗口服组和灭活菌液注射组的免疫保护力均为87.5%,而灭活菌液口服组不能提供有效的保护,与对照组死亡率相同(100%).结论认为,中华鳖气单胞菌口服微球疫苗具有缓释作用;以可生物降解的微球作为中华鳖气单胞菌口服疫苗的载体系统具有潜在的优势.     

荧光假单胞菌疫苗对异育银鲫的免疫保护效应

为探讨荧光假单胞菌疫苗对异育银鲫的免疫保护作用,为其在赤皮病防治上的应用提供理论依据,以福尔马林灭活的荧光假单胞菌(Pseudamonas fluoroscens)全菌疫苗、菌体外膜蛋白(OMP)疫苗作为免疫原,以平均体重100.0g±15.0g的健康异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)为试验对象,通过腹腔注射免疫原(浓度分别为1.0×108/mL、0.2mg/mL)免疫,剂量为0.2mL/尾,对照组注射等量灭菌生理盐水。分别在免疫注射1、2、4、7、14、21、28、35d后对试验鱼尾静脉采血,进行外周血细胞计数、吞噬活性和抗体效价的测定。结果2种免疫原均可诱导异育银鲫外周血液红细胞、白细胞数量增加,吞噬细胞的吞噬活性和血清抗体效价均升高。免疫注射35d后活菌攻毒,福尔马林灭活荧光假单胞菌苗(F-PF)组的免疫保护率为61.1%,OMP组的免疫保护率为72.2%,OMP组的免疫保护效果优于F-PF组。证明2种免疫原均通过促进异育银鲫血细胞增殖,产生特异性抗体的方式提高机体的免疫保护力。     

团头鲂对3种致病菌外膜蛋白(OMP)的免疫应答

利用从柱状黄杆菌(Flavobacterium columnare)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)和温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)中提取的外膜蛋白(outer membrane protein,OMP)作为免疫原,注射接种团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)后,通过测定受免鱼的交叉凝集抗体效价、肾脏和血液中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性和采用A.hydrophila活菌攻毒方法,比较了3种致病菌OMP对团头鲂的免疫原性。试验结果表明,从3种致病菌中提取的OMP对团头鲂均具有较强的免疫原性,受免鱼的血清中存在对3种致病菌的交叉凝集抗体,与对照鱼相比,肾脏和血液中吞噬细胞对吞噬原的吞噬活性和对A.hy-drophila活菌攻毒的相对免疫保护率(relative percent survival,RPS)明显上升。说明在3种致病菌的OMP上不同程度地存在共同保护性抗原。     

嗜水气单胞菌重庆WL3-X2分离株灭活疫苗对大鲵的免疫保护效果的研究

为评估重庆地区分离的嗜气单胞菌WL3-X2分离株对大鲵的免疫原性,本研究将嗜水气单胞菌WL3-X2分离株经福尔马林灭活,作为免疫原,通过腹腔注射途径间隔2周两次免疫健康大鲵,并检测其体内血清抗体、溶菌酶、补体C3及其免疫保护效应。结果显示,免疫嗜水气单胞菌灭活菌能够显著提高大鲵血清抗体滴度、溶菌酶活性和补体C3含量,首免35 d后这3项指标均达到峰值。此外,对初免4周后的大鲵经肌肉注射0.2 m L浓度为1.0×10~8 cfu/m L剂量的嗜水气单胞菌WL3-X2分离株,进行攻毒保护试验。结果表明,免疫组的相对免疫保护率为66.7%。本研究结果表明,嗜水气单胞菌地方分离株灭活菌对大鲵具有显著免疫保护效力,可以作为大鲵预防嗜水气单胞菌感染的候选疫苗。     

佐剂对嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗免疫效果的作用

制备嗜水气单胞菌J—1株福尔马林灭活疫苗，用浸浴法免疫银鲫。设疫苗加IMS1312佐剂免疫组、不加佐剂疫苗免疫组及未免疫对照组，每组20尾。18～20℃水温饲养35d，检测银鲫血清嗜水气单胞菌凝集抗体。佐剂组抗体效价达1：64，相对保护率为67％。不加佐剂免疫组抗体效价为1：32，相对保护率达56％。对照组抗体效价为1：4，相对保护率为10％。试验结果表明浸浴免疫对银鲫具有较好的保护力，佐剂IMS1312可增强鱼体的免疫应答。     

益生菌基因组DNA作为疫苗佐剂对鸡免疫效果的影响

一次试验选用1株益生菌的基因组作为禽流感病毒(AIV)H5N1亚型灭活油乳苗的佐剂,设不同剂量,分口服和同位点注射佐剂、疫苗的途径免疫鸡群;二次试验扩大菌株类型,以5株益生菌的基因组作为佐剂同位点注射鸡群,定期检测特异性抗体水平。一次试验显示在所有检测时间点上,疫苗对照组的抗体效价高于(P>0.05)或者显著高于(P<0.05)益生菌基因组的,且注射佐剂组的抗体效价高于口服佐剂的效价;二次试验显示疫苗对照组的抗体效价在前期高于(P>0.05)或者显著高于(P<0.05)益生菌基因组的效价,后期略低于某些益生菌组的(P>0.05),且各种益生菌基因组不同程度的推迟了抗体高峰期。     

西藏羊免疫羊棘球蚴(包虫)病基因工程疫苗(Eg95)的效果研究

为了评价羊棘球蚴(包虫)病基因工程亚单位疫苗对川西北高原牧区西藏羊的免疫效果,本试验将西藏羊随机均分为免疫组和对照组,免疫组羊按免疫剂量接种包虫病疫苗,28 d后加强免疫,对照组羊不接种。在加强免疫30 d后采集血液制备血清,用间接ELISA法检测血清中的特异性抗体,同时剖解部分试验羊,检查肺脏和肝脏中的包囊数量,统计保护率。结果显示:免疫组羊首免28 d后抗体阳性率为77.9%,加强免疫30 d后抗体阳性率为95.4%,与免疫前和对照组比较差异显著(P0.05);剖检部分试验羊统计包囊数量,得出保护率达到了75.0%。本试验表明,羊棘球蚴(包虫)病基因工程亚单位疫苗对阿坝地区西藏羊的棘球蚴病具有预防控制作用。     

中华鳖温和气单胞菌口服缓释微球疫苗的研究:疫苗用菌液培养条件的优化

以中华鳖温和气单胞菌 (Aeromonas sobria,As)口服缓释微球疫苗生产菌株 Z- 1株培养菌液含菌量和胞外产物溶血性为指标 ,考察了培养温度、培养时间、振荡与否、培养基 p H等因素对 As Z- 1株繁殖和产毒的影响 ,并采用正交试验方法 ,对培养基配方进行了优化试验。结果表明 :不同的培养温度、培养时间、振荡与否、培养基 p H等均会影响As Z- 1株的菌体产量和溶血性 ,其中 2 8℃振荡 (2 0 0 r/ min)培养 36 h菌液的含菌量和溶血价均较高 ;在营养肉汤中添加适量的硫酸铜、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸锰和硫酸铵 ,可显著提高菌液的含菌量和溶血价。     

复合抗菌肽在中华鳖养殖生产中的应用研究

抗菌肽又称抗微生物肽(antimicrobial peptide)或肽抗生素(Peptide antibiotics),是生物体内存在的一种具有抗菌活性的小分子多肽,是机体固有免疫系统中的重要效应分子,具有广谱杀菌、抗真菌、病毒、肿瘤以及消除体内突变细胞的作用。为研究复合抗菌肽对动物细菌病的防治效果,笔者采用3种不同药物即抗生素、灭活疫苗和抗菌肽对中华鳖进行试验。通过测定不同组中华鳖的血细胞吞噬功能、血清凝集效价和血清杀菌活力,比较3种药物对中华鳖的免疫力和抗病能力的效果。试验结果表明,3种药物的相对保护率介于80%~95%之间,均能有效地保护中华鳖。其中灭活疫苗的效果最为显著,但是该灭活的鳗氏气单胞菌疫苗只能针对该菌导致的中华鳖疾病起到预防作用。抗生素具有广谱抗菌性,但用药结束10d之后在中华鳖体内仍有残留。抗菌肽的预防效果虽然没有抗生素和疫苗的效果好,但其不会产生耐药性,在预防细菌性疾病方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

载副猪嗜血杆菌PLGA Omp16蛋白微球的制备及其免疫效果的初步研究

为研究载副猪嗜血杆菌(H. parasuis)外膜蛋白Omp16 PLGA微球的生物学特性,本研究以H. parasuis外膜蛋白Omp16为芯材,聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)为壁材,通过复乳溶剂挥发法制备PLGA微球疫苗。通过扫描电镜测定微球的形态、激光粒径仪测定微球的粒径分布。结果显示,PLGA微球呈球性,表面圆整,粒径分布较窄,平均粒径为5.2μm;采用BCA法测定微球的包封率和载药率,结果显示,微球的包封率为70.5%,载药率为5.78%;以透析释药法测定微球的体外释放特性,结果显示,微球体外释放42 d累计释放抗原95.3%。用该微球0.2 mg/次,免疫小鼠二次(间隔14 d)后,采用ELISA法测定小鼠抗H. parasuis IgG水平,结果显示,微球佐剂组小鼠H. parasuis IgG抗体水平显著高于灭活疫苗组(p0.01);腹腔注射H. parasuis LY02株(血清5型)进行攻毒保护试验,结果显示,微球佐剂组小鼠攻毒保护率(81.8%)显著高于灭活疫苗组(63.6%)(p0.05)。以上试验结果表明,制备的PLGA微球具有良好的缓释性能,能增强小鼠体液免疫应答,提高H. parasuis攻毒保护率。本研究为H. parasuis亚单位微球疫苗的制备奠定基础。     

The immune response and protective efficacy of oral alginate microparticle Aeromonas sobria vaccine in soft-shelled turtles (Trionyx sinensis)

Aeromonas sobria is an important bacterial pathogen of soft-shelled turtles (Trionyx sinensis). The effect of an oral alginate microparticle A. sobria vaccine (MAV) on immune response and protection efficacy of soft-shelled turtles was investigated. The formalin-killed cultures of A. sobria strain Z-1 (FKC) were incorporated into alginate microparticles, and the encapsulated vaccine was orally used for immunizing turtles. The serum agglutinating antibody titers, bactericidal activity of blood leucocytes and relative percent survival (RPS) post-challenge with virulent live bacteria of control and immunized turtles were detected. The serum agglutinating antibody titers and bactericidal activity of the leucocytes in the turtles orally immunized with MAV reached a level equivalent to those of the turtles injected with FKC and were significantly higher than those of control group. The RPS of turtles immunized orally with the MAV and intraperitoneally with FKC was 89.5 and 94.7%, respectively, while 95% of the control turtles had died. These results demonstrated that oral alginate microparticle A. sobria vaccine was immunogenic, and could confer protective immunity in soft-shelled turtles.     

嗜温气单胞菌的鉴定及其外膜蛋白型研究

从病鳖、鳗鱼体内分离到2株嗜温气单胞菌(TAh-3、EAs-1),经形态学观察、生理生化特性等鉴定,确定TAh-3为嗜水气单胞菌,EAs-1为温和气单胞菌。动物感染试验结果表明,TAh-3株为致病性嗜水气单胞菌,对鲫鱼的致死率100%,EAs-1株为非致病性温和气单胞菌。SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示,TAh-3株外膜蛋白(OMPs)型由7条蛋白带组成,其中1条主带大小为40.0kDa;EAs-1株OMPs型由8条蛋白带组成,其中2条主带大小为38.0kDa、45.0kDa。     

中华鳖几种常见疾病病原的分离鉴定及药敏试验

从患“穿孔病”、“腐皮病”、“溶血性腹水病”等濒死鳖的肝、心血和腹水中分离到20株细菌，其中温和气单胞菌（Aeromonas sobria）5株，豚鼠气单胞菌（A.caviae）3株、凡隆气单胞菌（A.veronii）2株、奇异变形杆菌（Proteus mirabilis）2株、产碱假单胞菌（Pseudomonas alcaligene）2株、无色杆菌（Achro sp.）3株、不动杆菌（Acinetobacter sp.）2株、黄杆菌（Flavobacterium sp.）1株。人工感染试验证实，运动型气单胞菌的温和气单胞菌和豚鼠气单胞菌是其主要病原菌。药敏试验结果表明，分离菌株对新霉素、菌必治、丁胺卡那、庆大霉素、环丙沙星高度敏感。     

Evaluation of efficacy of a new live Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine candidate in a murine model

Efficacy of a new live Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine candidate attenuated by two virulence gene deletions was evaluated in this study. Live form of the vaccine was orally administered and formalin-inactivated form was intramuscularly (IM) administered. 105 female BALB/c mice were used and divided into 5 groups, A to E, containing 21 mice per group. Serum IgG and secretory IgA titers and levels of serum IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α, IL-12 of the immunized groups, especially group C (oral prime-oral booster) significantly increased. In addition, all animals in groups C showed no clinical symptoms and survived the virulent challenges, whereas all or some of mice from the other groups died of the challenge. These indicate that the vaccine candidate can be an effective tool for prevention of Salmonella infections by inducing robustly protective immune responses and leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines. Booster immunization, especially via oral administration, is necessary to optimize its protection.     

Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) investigations in dairy cattle: persistence of antibodies after vaccination.

The immune response and persistence of antibodies were investigated in dairy cattle vaccinated with formalin-inactivated phase (ph) I Coxiella burnetii vaccine agglutinating antibody geometric mean titer (GMT) of 193.2 at 1 month after vaccination compared to a GMT of 2.0 for nonvaccinated calves. The agglutinating antibodies gradually decreased in vaccinated cattle, but the GMT remained approximately 4 times higher than that for the nonvaccinated group for at least 20 months. Results of serotests at 2 months after revaccination indicated a rapid increase in the GMT to 177.0 with agglutinating titers between 1:64 and 1:512.     

肽聚糖对鲫鱼嗜水气单胞菌灭活疫苗免疫增强效果的研究

为了探讨肽聚糖在鱼类抗嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila，AH）感染中的免疫佐剂作用，用添加A3a肽聚糖的饲料投喂接种F-AH疫苗的彭泽鲫（Carassius auratus var．pengze）；通过测定鲫白细胞吞噬活性、血清和体表黏液溶菌酶活性、抗体效价以及活菌攻毒后的免疫保护率，证明肽聚糖与F-AH疫苗联合使用，鲫体表黏液和血清溶菌酶活性、白细胞吞噬活性、抗体效价以及活菌攻毒后的免疫保护率均显著提高，表明A3a肽聚糖是F-AH疫苗的良好佐剂，能增强鱼类F-AH疫苗免疫应答。     

Protective effects of an oral microencapsulated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine against experimental infection in pigs.

Oral microencapsulated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines were tested for their ability to prevent mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs. Eighteen four-week-old specific pathogen free pigs were divided into six groups of three. Each pig of groups 1 to 4 was inoculated intramuscularly with formalin-inactivated M hyopneumoniae in adjuvant and boosted orally 14 days later with four different microencapsulated vaccine microspheres. Group 5 was used as a positive control. All 15 pigs of groups 1 to 5 were challenged at 28 days after the first vaccination by an intratracheal inoculation of pneumonic lung suspension. The three pigs of group 6 were used as a negative control. All four vaccinated groups showed some protection when challenged, but the protection was more solid in pigs boosted with vaccine D (group 4) which contained less porcine serum in the microsphere. The study indicates that oral vaccination with M hyopneumoniae could play a role in prevention and eradication of mycoplasmal pneumonia in the pig.     

幼鳖温和气单胞菌病的诊治

从长乐县某鳖场患出血性败血症幼鳖内脏分离到的细菌,经生理生化鉴定,菌体凝集反应和被动免疫保护试验,表明温和气单胞菌是该场幼鳖暴发性疫病的病原。根据药敏试验结果选择敏感药物内服外消,结合水质改良,取得了良好的效果。