猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒变异株与猪瘟病毒等混合感染的调查与分析

从华南地区PRRSV变异株(NSP21 594-1 680 bp缺失)核酸阳性的23个规模场、42个个体养殖场和15个散养户,随机采集发病、同群猪血清197份、组织样品115份,调查猪群个体感染PRRSV变异株情况,并对PRRSV变异株核酸阳性样品进行CSFV、PRV、PCV2、SIV检测,调查PRRSV变异株混合感染情况.结果表明:312份样品中224份PRRSV变异株核酸阳性,阳性率71.79%;PRRSV变异株核酸阳性样品中CSFV、PRV、PCV2核酸阳性样品分别为12份、2份,35份,阳性率分别为5.35%、0.89%、15.6%;80个场(群)均未检测到SIV核酸的存在.25个场(群)存在病毒混合感染,其中PRRSV变异株/CSFV、PRRSV变异株/PRV、PRRSV变异株/PCV2二重感染和PRRSV变异株/CSFV/PCV2、PRRSV变异株/PRV/PCV2三重感染猪场(群)百分率分别为5%、1.25%、21.25%和2.5%、1.25%.PRRSV变异株(NSP21594-1680变异)是造成猪场(群)重大损失的直接原因,并可与CSFV、PRV、PCV2等病毒出现混合感染,与PCV2混合感染比率较高.     

2005～2006年广西地区猪流感的分子流行病学调查

为了解广西猪群中猪流感(Swine influenza,SI)的流行情况,本调查主要采用RT-PCR方法,对2005~2006年从12个规模猪场随机采集的530份猪鼻腔棉拭子(不同年龄段)和108个猪场送检的239份有呼吸道症状病猪的组织病料样品(肺、脾和淋巴结等)进行了SIV检测;同时,对SIV阳性组织病料样品进行了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)和猪细小病毒(PPV)的检测,以确定猪群中SIV的感染以及与其他病毒混和感染情况。结果显示:从不同年龄段猪的鼻腔棉拭子中均能检测到SIV,且平均阳性率为15.85%(84/530)。从11个市30个猪场54份的组织病料中检出SIV,组织病料和猪场的平均阳性率分别为22.59%(54/239)和27.78%(30/108)。SIV常常与PRRSV、PCV2、CSFV、PPV和/或PRV二重或多重混和感染,占检测样品的19.25%(46/239),其中以SIV与PCV2和PRRSV混合感染最为常见,阳性率分别占检测样品的13.81%(33/239)和8.37%(20/239)。由此可见,SIV已经感染广西猪群,且SIV常与其他病原体以混合感染的方式对广西养猪业构成潜在危害。     

应用PCR技术对广西规模猪场母猪流产病料主要疫病混合感染的流行病学调查

应用PCR和RT-PCR技术,对2005-2006年送检的广西22个规模猪场的母猪流产病料176份进行猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒（PRRSV）、猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪细小病毒（PPV）混合感染情况的调查。结果,176份病料中检出CSFV阳性样品21份,阳性率11.9%,PRRSV阳性样品37份,阳性率21.0%,PRV阳性样品14份,阳性率8.0%,PPV阳性样品35份,阳性率19.9%;其中有45份样品存在不同程度的混合感染,混合感染阳性率达25.6%。结果表明,我区规模猪场母猪流产病料CSFV、PRRSV、PRV和PPV的感染和混合感染情况比较严重,提示广西近年来母猪发生繁殖障碍性疾病的病因与CSFV、PRRSV、PRV和PPVSV的感染密切相关,是今后广西规模猪场重点防范的主要疫病。     

广西猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染状况调查

采用RT-PCR技术,对2004年1月至2005年4月期间,广西13个市104个疑似猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染猪场,无菌采取231头病、死猪的组织病料(肺脏、淋巴结、脾脏)进行了病毒检测。同时,对鉴定为PRRSV阳性的组织病料和猪场进行了猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)、猪瘟病毒(CSFV)和猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)的检测,以确定猪群中PRRSV与PCV2、CSFV和PRV混合感染情况。结果从12个市的115份组织病料中检出PRRSV,病料的平均阳性率为49.78%(115/231),猪场的平均阳性率为61.54%(64/104),不同地市有一定的差异。PRRSV与PCV2、CSFV和/或PRV二重或多重混和感染的组织病料总数为53份,猪场总数为39个,混合感染的组织病料和猪场的总阳性率分别为22.94%(53/231)和37.50%(39/104)。混合感染的组织病料占PRRSV阳性组织病料的46.09%(53/115),混合感染的猪场占PRRSV阳性猪场的60.94%(39/64)。其中以PCV2和PRRSV混合感染的组织病料和猪场数最多。由此可见,PRRSV感染在广西猪场已普遍存在,与其他病毒混合感染现象逐渐趋向复杂化。     

猪流感病毒与繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪瘟病毒、圆环病毒、伪狂犬病病毒、副猪嗜血杆菌混合感染的情况调查

应用套式PCR方法对采自广西境内13个市122个不同规模猪场及农村散养户的126份病料,进行了SIV的检测,并对鉴定为SIV阳性的15份病料,再分别进行PRRSV、CSFV、PCV-2、PRV、HPS的检测,以调查广西猪群中SIV与PRRSV、CSFV、PCV-2、PRV、HPS混合感染的情况。结果发现：猪群中SIV感染率为11.9%(15/126),而在所检测的15份阳性病料中,SIV混合感染十分严重,感染率为73.3%(11/15)。混合感染病毒种类最多达四重感染（SIV+PRRSV+CSFV+PCV-2）,占6.67%(1/15);三重感染(SIV+PRRSV+PCV 2、SIV+PRRSV+CSFV) 占40%(6/15);二重感染（SIV+PRRSV,SIV+PCV-2）占26.6%(4/15)。调查结果表明广西发病猪群中SIV与PRRSV、CSFV、PCV-2混合感染普遍存在。     

混合感染的情况调查

 应用套式PCR方法对采自广西境内13个市122个不同规模猪场及农村散养户的126份病料,进行了SIV的检测,并对鉴定为SIV阳性的15份病料,再分别进行PRRSV、CSFV、PCV-2、PRV、HPS的检测,以调查广西猪群中SIV与PRRSV、CSFV、PCV-2、PRV、HPS混合感染的情况。结果发现：猪群中SIV感染率为11.9%(15/126),而在所检测的15份阳性病料中,SIV混合感染十分严重,感染率为73.3%(11/15)。混合感染病毒种类最多达四重感染（SIV+PRRSV+CSFV+PCV-2）,占6.67%(1/15);三重感染(SIV+PRRSV+PCV2、SIV+PRRSV+CSFV) 占40%(6/15);二重感染（SIV+PRRSV,SIV+PCV-2）占26.6%(4/15)。调查结果表明广西发病猪群中SIV与PRRSV、CSFV、PCV-2混合感染普遍存在。     

2016年广西部分地区猪群五种疫病感染情况监测

为探明2016年广西猪群主要疫病的感染情况，从发病猪场和屠宰场共采集猪组织样品340份，应用RT-PCR方法检测猪瘟病毒（CSFV）?猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV），应用PCR方法检测猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）和猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）?结果显示，发病猪场中的CSFV、PRRSV、PEDV、PCV2和PRV感染率分别为1.97%?16.45%?0.00%?34.21%和3.95%，而屠宰场猪的感染率分别为0.53%?11.17%?0.00%?43.09%和0.00%?对猪群的混合感染情况进行分析发现，PCV2和其它病原的混合感染率最高?其中，发病猪场二重感染率最高的为“CSFV+PCV2”，为3.95%；其次为“PRRSV+PCV2”，为3.29%?屠宰场二重感染率最高的是“PRRSV+PCV2”，为2.66%?结果表明：临床健康屠宰猪群和发病猪群中的PCV2和PRRSV感染率较高，其中PCV2感染率最高，且常与CSFV和PRRSV发生混合感染；PRV和CSFV主要在发病猪中被检出；加强PCV2和PRV的监控，对控制猪群发病具有重要意义；应通过加强生物安全措施来净化PRRSV和PRV?     

2016—2018年广西玉林市部分规模猪场猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病原检测与混合感染分析

为了解广西玉林市规模化猪场猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）感染情况及其与猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）和猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）混合感染情况,采用RT-PCR/PCR方法,对2016—2018年采集自玉林市存栏母猪300头以上规模化猪场的661份临床健康猪血清样本和896份表现呼吸道症状和繁殖障碍发病猪只的组织样本,进行PRRSV病原检测,并对检出的PRRSV病原阳性样本进行CSFV、PCV2、PRV病原检测,并对结果进行统计分析。结果显示：2016—2018年收集的血清样本中,PRRSV病原阳性率分别为6.86%、19.33%和10.17%,场阳性率分别为25.00%、46.67%和40.00%;PRRSV血清阳性样本混合感染率分别为52.38%、65.22%和62.50%,以与PCV2、PRV混合感染为主。2016—2018年收集的病料组织样本中,PRRSV病原检出率分别为46.38%、48.24%和48.81%,场阳性率分别为42.11%、35.37%、37.10%;PRRSV病料阳性样本混合感染率分别为50.00%、52.99%和52.35%,同样以与PCV2、PRV混合感染为主。结果表明,广西玉林市规模猪场中PRRSV流行广泛且呈加重趋势,与PCV2和PRV等病原的混合感染较严重。结果提示,玉林市规模猪场应制定科学的免疫程序,加强这些疫病的综合防控。     

齐齐哈尔地区猪呼吸道疾病综合征病毒性病原调查研究报告

为了解齐齐哈尔地区引起规模化猪场猪呼吸道疾病综合征病毒性病原的感染状况,笔者应用PCR或RT-PCR方法对2015年-2017年齐齐哈尔地区规模化猪场147份病料进行了猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)、猪伪狂犬病毒(PRV)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)4种主要病毒性病原检测。结果显示,CSFV阳性率为4.72%,PRRSV阳性率为5.44%,PRV阳性率为1.36%,PCV2阳性率为9.52%。PRRSV和PCV2的混合感染呈上升趋势,CSFV和PRV趋于稳定。研究结果表明,控制猪呼吸道疾病综合征的关键是控制好PRRSV和PCV2的传播,根本是开展主要病原的净化工作。     

断乳仔猪多系统衰竭综合征病原检测与分析

应用PCR技术,结合,临床观察、病理解剖对福建省不同地区断乳多系统衰竭综合征（PMws）发病猪群采集的病料进行多重病原检测与分离。结果表明50份病料中猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）阳性率分别为40％、26％、4％、0,不同地区各病原检出率差别不大。病毒性混合感染以PCV2和PRRSV为主,感染率为22％;PCV2与CFSV混合感染率为4％;PRRSV与CFSV混合感染率为4％;PCV2、CFSV、PRRSV三种病原混合感染率为4％。研究结果表明福建大部分地区猪群PMWS的发生是PCV2、PRRSV、CSFV等多种病原混合感染的结果,其主要病原为PCV2,该病的发生没有明显地域性。     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

The Prevalence and Intensity of Helminth and Coccidial Infections in Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.     

Hypothalamic dopamine is required for salsolinol‐induced prolactin secretion in goats

The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and salsolinol (SAL) for the secretion of prolactin (PRL) in goats. SAL or thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) was intravenously injected into female goats treated with or without the D₂ DA receptor antagonist haloperidol (Hal), which crosses the blood‐brain barrier, and the PRL‐releasing response to SAL was compared with that to TRH. PRL‐releasing responses to SAL, Hal, and Hal plus SAL were also examined after a pretreatment to augment central DA using carbidopa (Carbi) and L‐dopa. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal alone was greater than that to SAL or TRH alone. The PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus SAL was similar to that of Hal alone. In contrast, the PRL‐releasing response to Hal plus TRH was greater than that to TRH or Hal alone. The treatment with Carbi plus L‐dopa inhibited SAL‐ and Hal‐induced PRL secretion. The inhibition of the PRL‐releasing response to SAL disappeared when SAL was injected with Hal. These results indicate that the mechanisms underlying the SAL‐induced PRL response differ from those of TRH, and suggest that hypothalamic DA and its synthesis is associated in part with SAL‐induced PRL secretion in goats.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Laboratory diagnosis of respiratory diseases of cattle

The authors describe the procedure of laboratory diagnosis for bovine respiratory diseases: direct diagnosis by isolation and for identification of bacteria or viruses and indirect diagnosis by serological methods. They specify the restraints and limits of this diagnosis and the significance results which are obtained and connected with knowledge of anamnestic information.     

The effect of peri-parturient anthelmintic treatment on the productivity of dairy cattle in subtropical western India

Trials with fenbendazole (Panacur, Hoechst India Ltd) were carried out on two commercial farms in subtropical western India to study the response and economics of nematode treatment in adult dairy cows. Milk yield, lactation length, time to first oestrus and worm egg output were monitored in treated and control groups. Treatment reduced the egg count considerably. Treated cows produced 142 litres more milk over 100 days (p<0.05), with extension of lactation length and advancement of time to first oestrus. The economic gain in terms of milk yield far outweighed the cost of anthelmintic used.     

An Evaluation of the Acceptability as Forage of Some Nutritive and Antinutritive Components and of the Dry Matter Degradation Profiles of Five Species of Ficus

The suitability of five species of Ficus, F. mucoso, F. thonningii, F. polita, F. religiosa and F. benjamina, for feeding ruminant livestock was studied. The nutritive and antinutritive components were determined and the acceptability of the forages to livestock was assessed using a cafeteria method in 8 adult small ruminants. Also, the degradation potential of the dry matter of the five Ficus species was investigated using 3 fistulated sheep. The crude protein (CP) content of the Ficus species varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 130 to 180 g/kg DM. The content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) also varied significantly (p < 0.05), ranging from 650 to 710 g/kg DM. The organic matter (OM) contents did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), having a mean value of 916 g/kg DM. The concentrations of tannin, saponin, phytic acid and oxalic acid were low. The acceptability of the forage was similar for four of the species but poor for F. polita. The extent of DM degradation varied significant among the Ficus species, the ranking order being F. benjamina > F. thonningii > F. mucoso > F. religiosa > F. polita.