初配日龄对不同品系大白猪繁殖性能的影响

从2007—2011年的初配母猪繁殖记录中选取了法系大白猪66头、美法系大白猪149头、美系大白猪43头,对3个品系母猪头胎繁殖性能进行统计分析,探讨大白猪适宜的初配日龄。结果表明:各系大白猪后备母猪在7、8、9月龄配种的较多,分别占后备母猪群的86.36%(法系)、85.9%(美法系)、83.72%(美系);在220～240、240～260日龄配种的法系大白后备母猪的头胎繁殖性能均高于220日龄以下配种的母猪(P>0.05);在240～260日龄配种的美法系后备母猪的繁殖性能高于其他日龄配种的母猪,其中活仔数差异显著(P<0.05);240～260日龄配种的美系后备母猪仔猪初生重显著高于其他各组日龄配种的母猪(P<0.05);各系母猪随着初配日龄的增加,所产仔猪初生重总体呈现上升趋势。     

初配日龄对法系大白母猪繁殖性能的影响

后备母猪对猪场的生产起着重要的作用，后备母猪的初配日龄和母猪的繁殖性能、哺乳性能以及使用年限都息息相关。初配日龄过早或过晚都会影响母猪的整体表现，并降低其自身的繁殖潜能、经济效益和使用年限。目前国内外有很多关于母猪繁殖性能的研究和报道，但是对于不同品种和不同品系母猪的最佳初配日龄的认知不尽相同。李彦清等的研究表明，初配日龄在210～240日龄时，美系大白母猪明显比其他阶段的初配日龄母猪的仔猪初生重、均匀度更好，并且母猪的使用年限也更长一些。本研究以法系大白母猪为基础，探究和分析了不同初配日龄对法系大白母猪繁殖性能的影响，探索法系大白母猪的最佳初配日龄。     

初配日龄对大白母猪繁殖性能的影响

试验旨在研究初配日龄对大白母猪繁殖性能的影响,在主要初配日龄对头胎母猪和经产母猪的总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、断奶头数和断奶窝重等指标进行分析。结果表明,初配日龄对头胎母猪繁殖性能影响如下:总产仔数、产活仔数和初生窝重3个性状呈先降后升的“U型”走势,两端(208耀239日龄和330耀359日龄)最高;初配日龄对经产母猪繁殖性能影响如下:产活仔数、初生窝重呈先升后降再升趋势,在240耀269日龄和330耀359日龄均较高。断奶头数在240耀269日龄达到最高。综合大数据统计分析,建议在实际生产中初配日龄在240耀269日龄左右较为合适。     

大白仔猪初生重对生产性能的影响

文章主要研究规模化猪场纯种美系大白仔猪的初生重对其生产性能的影响。研究结果表明,大白仔猪初生重与产仔数呈明显负相关,同窝活仔数每增加1头,初生重随之下降30 g;仔猪初生重的大小与21日龄体重呈明显的正相关,初生重每增加100 g,其断奶重随之增加239 g;仔猪初生重与断奶成活率呈明显的正相关,初生重每增加26 g,断奶成活率随之升高1个百分点;同样,仔猪初生重还与校正达100 kg体重日龄、背膘厚、眼肌面积、育种指数等存在明显的相关。试验的统计分析数据表明,选择初生重较大而产仔数又相对适中的种猪,其后代会有更好的生产效率和经济效益。     

不同初配日龄对大白母猪繁殖性能的影响

为研究不同初配日龄对大白母猪繁殖性能的影响。试验选择1 538头初配日龄在180～300 d的大白母猪5 974条繁殖记录,初配日龄以30 d为单位,划分为4个试验组后进行单因素方差分析。结果显示:母猪初配日龄在210～240 d的产活仔数显著高于初配日龄为180～210 d的母猪(P0.05),而断奶窝重显著高于初配日龄为270～300 d的母猪(P0.05),前3胎次的总产仔数显著高于初配日龄为240～270 d和270～300 d的母猪(P0.05),前3胎次和前6胎次的断奶窝重均显著高于270～300 d的母猪(P0.05),且其利用胎次显著高于180～210 d的母猪(P0.05)。试验结果表明,初配日龄210～240 d的母猪具有最佳的繁殖性能。     

丹系大白母猪初配日龄和背膘厚对第1胎繁殖性能的影响

为研究后备母猪初配日龄和配种时体况与繁殖性能之间的关系,本试验测定1 056头丹系大白母猪的初配日龄以及不同阶段背膘厚,同时收集相关繁殖性能数据按配种时背膘厚(14、14、15、16、17、17mm)、妊娠109d背膘厚(14~16、17~19、20~22mm)与初配日龄(210、210~239、240~269、270~299、≧300d)进行分组分析。结果表明:丹系大白后备母猪初配背膘厚在17mm时,产活仔数达14.77头,显著高于其他组(P 0.05);妊娠109 d背膘厚与哺乳期背膘损失为显著相关,妊娠109 d背膘越厚,哺乳期背膘损失越大;初配日龄在240~269 d的后备母猪产活仔数和初生窝重显著高于初配日龄小于240 d的后备母猪(P0.05),且高于初配日龄大于269 d的后备母猪(P0.05)。综上可知,为提高母猪繁殖性能,丹系大白母猪初配背膘厚调整至17 mm,初配日龄控制在240~269 d为最佳。     

初配日龄对嘉兴黑猪繁殖性能的影响

为确定嘉兴黑猪的适宜初配日龄,使其充分发挥优良繁殖性能潜质,实验以华东某国家核心保种场79头嘉兴黑猪母猪为样本,划分为6个初配日龄阶段,即210d以下和210～239、240～269、270～299、300～329 d和330 d及以上,分析初配日龄对产总仔数、产活仔数、弱仔数、死胎、木乃伊及初生窝重的影响。结果表明:初配日龄≥330 d组的平均总产仔数13.53头,显著高于210～239 d及300～329 d组(P<0.05),与其余各初配日龄阶段无显著性差异(P>0.05);活仔数、死胎、木乃伊、初生窝重及头胎产仔数组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综合饲养成本、性成熟及体成熟相关因素,认为180～210 d为嘉兴黑猪适宜初配日龄。     

不同初配日龄对丹系原种猪产仔性能的影响

为了研究不同初配日龄对丹系种猪繁殖性能的影响,研究从Kingdee7.5猪场综合管理信息系统里导出2015—2017年广西扬翔股份有限公司南方某原种猪场共1 145头丹系初产母猪的生产数据,其中丹系大白756头,丹系长白389头,按初配日龄分为8组,每组的初配日龄相差20 d,分别对不同组母猪的总产仔数、健仔数、活仔数、死胎数、木乃伊胎等繁殖指标进行统计分析。结果表明:在241～260日龄段配种初配母猪的窝均总产仔数、窝产活仔数、窝产健仔数都达到最高,产仔性能最好。其次比较好的是221～240日龄段、261～280日龄段的初配母猪。小于220日龄配种的丹系初配母猪产仔性能较差,大于300日龄配种的丹系初配母猪产仔性能也较差;281～300日龄阶段初配母猪总产仔数较高,但窝产活仔数和健仔数较差。综合繁殖数据和经济效益得出结论:在后备猪体重达到135 kg,且达到第二情期的时候,达到220日龄即可配种,最佳初配日龄在241～260日龄段。整体来说在221～280日龄阶段配种都能达到较好的生产性能。综合考虑后备母猪的培育饲养成本和后备母猪的非生产天数,建议初配日龄在220～260日龄阶段最为理想。     

大白母猪生长速度对大白母猪首胎产活仔数和窝内仔猪初生重标准差的影响

<正>为了探究大白母猪生长速度对大白母猪首胎产活仔数和窝内仔猪初生重标准差的影响,本实验收集了某纯种猪场的2844头大白母猪首胎产活仔数据和每窝仔猪初生重标准差及每头母猪的校正达100kg体重日龄(生长速度)。并将这些母猪按照校正达     

加系大白母猪不同初配日龄与繁殖性能表现的关系

笔者统计了四川某集团公司原种猪场2013-2014年341头纯种加系大白母猪不同初配日龄与其初胎窝产仔数、活仔数、弱仔数、终生产仔数、终生产健仔数等繁殖性能表现的关系。数据统计结果表明,加系大白后备母猪在210~230日龄、体重120~130 kg、P2点背膘厚度达16~18 mm时进行配种,母猪的初胎繁殖性能及终生繁殖性能表现最佳。     

初配日龄对母猪产仔性能的影响

根据某猪场淘汰的203头母猪的生产记录,对不同初配日龄母猪的头胎产仔数、产仔胎数及产仔总数进行统计分析。结果表明,240～269日龄的初配母猪头胎产活仔数最少,270～299日龄的初配母猪平均产仔胎数最少,300～329日龄的初配母猪平均产仔胎数和产活仔总数最高,210～239日龄的初配母猪平均产仔胎数最低。从最佳经济效益来看,母猪的最佳初配日龄为210～239日龄。     

胎次与产仔数对广东小耳花猪初生仔猪均匀度的影响

初生仔猪均匀度常用窝初生个体均重的标准偏差及变异系数表示,是反映母猪孕期繁殖效率的重要指标之一。为了研究不同胎次及产仔数对初生仔猪均匀度的影响,研究对1011窝广东小耳花猪的历史分娩数据进行分析。结果表明:窝初生个体均重为0.67 kg,窝初生个体均重的标准偏差为0.13 kg,窝初生个体均重的变异系数为19%;窝初生个体均重与窝初生个体均重标准偏差的相关系数是0.296,呈极显著正相关(P约0.01);窝初生个体均重变异系数与总产仔数的相关系数是0.028,与产活仔数的相关系数为0.024,均呈现弱正相关。研究建议在地方猪开发利用中,合理调整群体胎龄结构,改善饲养管理方式,合理调整孕期母猪营养水平,进一步提高群体初生仔猪均匀度。     

Effects of a novel carbohydrate and protein source on sow performance during lactation

Ninety-one primiparous and multiparous sows and their pigs were used to evaluate the effects of a novel carbohydrate- and protein-based feed ingredient (Nutri-Pal, NP) on sow and litter performance during lactation. Nutri-Pal is a feed supplement for sows that consists of a blend of milk chocolate, brewer's yeast, whey products, and glucooligosaccharides. The dietary treatments consisted of a corn-soybean meal control and a corn-soybean meal plus 5% NP fed from d 110 of gestation to weaning. The diets were formulated to be equal in total Lys and ME. Sows were allotted to treatment based on parity, body weight, and the date of d 110 of gestation. There were 46 and 45 sows per treatment over four farrowing groups. Litters were standardized to 10 pigs and weighed within 1 d of farrowing, and all sows weaned at least 8 pigs at an average age of 21 d. Sows were weighed on d 110 of gestation, d 1 postfarrowing, and at weaning. Sows were fed three times daily during lactation. Sows were checked twice daily after weaning for signs of estrus. The weaning weight of sows fed NP was increased (P < 0.10) compared with those fed the control diet. Sows fed the control diet tended (P = 0.11) to lose more weight per day from d 110 of gestation to weaning than the sows fed NP. Otherwise, sow response variables (sow weight on d 110 of gestation and d 1 postfarrowing, d 110 of gestation to d 1 postfarrowing and lactation weight change per day, d 110 of gestation to d 1 postfarrowing, lactation, and total feed intake, days to estrus, pigs born alive or dead, and litter and average pig birth weight) were not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. There were no effects (P > 0.10) of diet on litter performance response variables (pigs weaned, litter and average pig weaning weight and gain, and survival percent). The NP feed ingredient had minor effects on sow productivity, but it did not affect litter productivity indices.     

中草药制剂对母猪分娩和哺乳效果的试验研究

为观察复方中草药制剂对母猪分娩和泌乳效果的影响,试验选择妊娠80-90 d的68头妊娠母猪,按配种日龄、胎次、体况、品种随机均分为中草药制剂组和对照组,每组34头,每头母猪为1个重复。两组基础饲粮相同,中草药制剂组在基础饲粮中按每吨300 g添加中草药制剂,试验期为妊娠80 d至断奶。结果表明,与对照组相比,中草药制剂组窝均产活仔数和断奶窝均仔猪数分别提高0.93头（P＜0.05）和1.09头（P＜0.01）;产活仔率和健仔率分别提高5.91和4.52个百分点;仔猪初生个体均重、断奶个体均重、仔猪平均日增重分别提高0.05 kg、0.5 kg、22.6 g,差异均显著（P＜0.05）。中草药制剂可有效提高母猪分娩质量和泌乳水平。     

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for sow productivity

Data from 609 purebred Yorkshire, Hampshire and Duroc litters were utilized to obtain genetic and environmental parameter estimates for litter number and weight traits at birth, 21 d (first creep) and 42 d (weaning) considered as traits of the sow. Differences among paternal half-sib sets of sows were analyzed. Heritability estimates from this study were .26 +/- .12, .28 +/- .12 and .30 +/- .12 for litter size at birth, 21 and 42 d and .54 +/- .13, .17 +/- .11 and .15 +/- .11 for litter weights at those times, respectively. These estimates indicated that the dam's genetic contribution to litter weight was higher for prenatal growth than during nursing. The heritabilities for litter size were encouraging for within breed selection. Genetic correlations among litter sizes and genetic correlations among litter weights at birth, 21 and 42 d were large and positive. Large, positive genetic correlations also were found between litter size and weight at each of the three times. Negative correlations between litter size and average pig weight at both birth and 21 d and between litter size at birth and average pig weight at 21 d indicated that larger litters were associated genetically with smaller pigs. Phenotypic and environmental correlations generally indicated the same associations.     

Effects of salinomycin on sow weight change during lactation and on sow reproductive performance

Forty-five gravid cross-bred sows (mean parity 3.3 +/- .3) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: corn-soybean mean (CS) or CS plus 60 mg salinomycin per kilogram of diet (CSS). Sows were fed their respective diets through two successive parities with dietary treatment initiated at 100 d postcoitum and continued until weaning of the second successive litter. Therefore, sows fed CSS received salinomycin for 14 d before the first parturition and for approximately 153 d before the second parturition. Daily feed intake was restricted to 2 kg.hd-1.d-1 during gestation and to 3 kg.hd-1.d-1 from weaning to breeding. All sows. had ad libitum access to feed during lactation. Sows were weighed 7 d prior to parturition, at weaning and at breeding. Weaning-to-estrus interval and farrowing interval were recorded for all sows. Litters were weighed at birth and weaning. There were no differences (P greater than .05) between dietary treatments in sow weights before parturition, at weaning or at breeding for either first or second farrowing. The CSS-fed sows lost more weight from weaning to breeding after the first (P less than .03) and second (P less than .05) lactation periods than CS-fed sows. The CSS-fed sows tended to gain more (P = .06) weight during lactation than CS-fed sows. There were no differences (P greater than .05) between treatments in lactation feed intake, weaning-to-estrus interval, farrowing interval, litter size born or weaned, litter weights at birth or at weaning, or in sow culling rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

胎次对杜洛克、长白和大白母猪繁殖性能的影响

为了研究胎次对杜洛克、长白和大白母猪繁殖性能的影响,根据江苏省某国家级生猪核心育种场2009-2011年出生的繁殖母猪资料,分别选取128头杜洛克、681头长白和610头大白母猪共7280窝生产数据,统计分析不同胎次母猪的总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重及校正21日龄窝重。此外,依据胎次将母猪分为3个繁殖阶段（1～2胎、3～6胎及7～8胎）来探究品种差异对母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明：胎次对母猪繁殖性能有显著影响（P<0.05）,母猪1～4胎的总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数及初生窝重随胎次呈增加趋势,第4胎达到高峰,且显著高于其他胎次（P<0.05）;3～6胎繁殖性能较好,7胎之后出现迅速下降趋势;除在第4胎略有下降外,其他胎次的校正21日龄窝重随胎次递增。品种对母猪繁殖性能的影响显著（P<0.05）,长白和大白母猪的繁殖性能均极显著高于杜洛克母猪（P<0.01）;长白母猪的产活仔数和校正21日龄窝重显著高于大白母猪（P<0.05）,2个品种其他繁殖性能无显著差异（P＞0.05）。综上所述,杜洛克、长白和大白母猪的最佳繁殖胎次为3～6胎,长白猪的繁殖性能总体上优于大白猪,就本试验所在的育种场而言,长白猪可能更适合作为二元母猪生产中的母本。     

Investigation on the Production Performance of gE Antibody Positive Sows in Pig Farms Infected with Wild Type Pseudorabies Virus

Pseudorabies (PR) is caused by the Pseudorabies virus (PRV). It is an acute and hot highly contagious disease infecting livestock and a wide range of wild animals. In order to investigate the relationship between latent infection of Pseudorabies virus and sow production performance,this study collected production parameters of first-parity sows with wild virus gE positive and negtive in a Pseudorabies positive stable intensive farm, including total litter size, healthy litter size, weak litter size, stillbirths, mummified fetus, litter weight, number of weaning live, number of weaning qualified and weaning weight. And compared the production performance of PRV gE antibody negative and positive sows in the same intensive pig farm. The study showed that each PRV gE antibody negative sow could produce 11.96 live piglets per parity. Additionally, PRV gE antibody negative sow could provide more alive, weaning and weaning qualified piglets per parity than infection sows, which were 0.63, 0.18 and 0.28, respectively. Although the average birth weight and average weaning weight of piglets produced by PRV gE antibody positive sows were higher than those produced by negative sows, the weaning qualified rate of antibody negative sows was higher than that of antibody positive sows, indicating that the weaning live piglets produced by antibody negative sows had higher uniformity. In summary, the production performance of PRV gE antibody positive sows was lower than that of the negative sows. Eradication of PR can bring higher profit to the pig farm. Pig farm should actively eradicate the PR.     

伪狂犬病病毒野毒感染猪场的gE抗体阳性头胎母猪生产成绩调查

伪狂犬病（Pseudorabies，PR）是由伪狂犬病病毒（Pseudorabies virus，PRV）感染多种野生动物及家畜引起的急性、热性的高度接触性传染病。为掌握PRV隐性感染对头胎母猪生产成绩的影响，本研究跟踪调查某一PRV野毒阳性稳定万头母猪场中野毒gE抗体阴性和阳性的头胎母猪总产仔数、健仔数、弱仔数、死胎数、木乃伊胎数、仔猪初生窝重以及断奶活仔数、断奶合格仔数、仔猪断奶重等不同生产成绩指标，探索相同饲养条件下伪狂犬病对头胎母猪各生产指标的影响。结果发现，每头PRV野毒gE抗体阴性头胎母猪每窝平均可产11.96头活仔猪，比gE抗体阳性母猪每胎次多产活仔0.63头，以及每胎次可多提供0.18头断奶活仔，每胎次多提供0.28头断奶合格仔。虽然PRV野毒gE抗体阳性母猪所产仔猪初生均重及断奶均重均高于gE抗体阴性母猪所产仔猪，但gE抗体阴性母猪所产仔猪断奶合格率高于gE抗体阳性母猪，表明其断奶活仔整齐度更高。综上，PRV野毒gE抗体阳性的头胎母猪生产成绩低于gE抗体阴性母猪，伪狂犬病的净化可为猪场带来更高的经济效益，表明伪狂犬病的净化至关重要。