共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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三聚氰胺及其同系物的毒理学研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
三聚氰胺有3种同系物,分别为三聚氰酸、三聚氰酸一酰胺和三聚氰酸二酰胺,均属于三嗪类含氮杂环有机化合物。"三聚氰胺"这个原本对一般人而言很陌生的物质,由于其带来的危害已经引起了全世界的重视。研究者们针对该类化合物的毒性进行了大量研究,并且已取得了较大进展,三聚氰胺及其同系物的肝脏、肾脏、神经细胞等毒性被陆续揭示出来。由于环境、包装及人为因素的影响,三聚氰胺及其同系物对人和动物的危害不容忽视,论文以近年来最新资料为基础,对三聚氰胺及其同系物的毒理学研究概况作以综述,以期为该类化合物的毒理学评价和监测提供参考。 相似文献
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本文介绍了三聚氰胺的理化性质、毒性机理、畜产品中掺入三聚氰胺的原因、检测方法及其发展方向,认为三聚氰胺的检测应将现场定性分析与实验室定量分析相结合,开发携带方便,操作简单、能在现场做初步定性分析的检测方法和快速、简便、经济、准确的实验室定量分析技术,以便基层动物防疫监督机构和人民群众能在现场做定性检测分析,检测分析机构能在实验室进行定量检测分析,是今后三聚氰胺检测技术的发展方向。 相似文献
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Evaluation of the renal effects of experimental feeding of melamine and cyanuric acid to fish and pigs 总被引:26,自引:0,他引:26
Reimschuessel R Gieseker CM Miller RA Ward J Boehmer J Rummel N Heller DN Nochetto C de Alwis GK Bataller N Andersen WC Turnipseed SB Karbiwnyk CM Satzger RD Crowe JB Wilber NR Reinhard MK Roberts JF Witkowski MR 《American journal of veterinary research》2008,69(9):1217-1228
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether renal crystals can be experimentally induced in animals fed melamine or the related triazine compound cyanuric acid, separately or in combination, and to compare experimentally induced crystals with those from a cat with triazine-related renal failure. ANIMALS: 75 fish (21 tilapia, 24 rainbow trout, 15 channel catfish, and 15 Atlantic salmon), 4 pigs, and 1 cat that was euthanatized because of renal failure. PROCEDURES: Fish and pigs were fed a target dosage of melamine (400 mg/kg), cyanuric acid (400 mg/kg), or melamine and cyanuric acid (400 mg of each compound/kg) daily for 3 days and were euthanatized 1, 3, 6, 10, or 14 days after administration ceased. Fresh, frozen, and formalin-fixed kidneys were examined for crystals. Edible tissues were collected for residue analysis. Crystals were examined for composition via Raman spectroscopy and hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: All animals fed the combination of melamine and cyanuric acid developed goldbrown renal crystals arranged in radial spheres (spherulites), similar to those detected in the cat. Spectral analyses of crystals from the cat, pigs, and fish were consistent with melamine-cyanurate complex crystals. Melamine and cyanuric acid residues were identified in edible tissues of fish. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although melamine and cyanuric acid appeared to have low toxicity when administered separately, they induced extensive renal crystal formation when administered together. The subsequent renal failure may be similar to acute uric acid nephropathy in humans, in which crystal spherulites obstruct renal tubules. 相似文献
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三聚氰胺时蛋鸡的急性生和蓄积毒性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过2个试验,研究三聚氰胺经口染毒对蛋鸡的急性毒性和蓄积毒性.试验一,选择70只220日龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分成7组,每组10只,蛋鸡一次口服三聚氰胺的剂量分别是944.7、1 306.7、1 807.4、2 500.1、3 458.0、4 783.1和6 616.0 mg/kg,研究三聚氰胺对蛋鸡的急性毒性.试验二,选择40只240日龄的海兰褐蛋随机分成对照组和试验组,每组20R,试验组蛋鸡每日口服三聚氰胺605.0 mg/kg,累积剂量至5LD50时结束试验,对照组口服等量淀粉,研究三聚氰胺对蛋鸡的蓄积毒性.试验结束后,对存活蛋鸡进行耐受性测定.结果表明,海兰褐蛋鸡口服三聚氰胺的LD50为2 419.9 mg/kg,95%可信限是2 017.0~2 903.4 mg/kg.蓄积系数K>5.三聚氰胺中毒存活鸡一次口服三聚氰胺2 419.9 mg/kg后,蛋鸡死亡率达8.3%;对照组蛋鸡初次口服三聚氰胺2 419.9 mg/kg后,死亡率达45%,二者差异显著(P<0.05).由此可见,三聚氰胺对蛋鸡具有低毒性、轻度蓄积的特点,蛋鸡对三聚氰胺具有较高的耐受性. 相似文献
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Eight D?hne Merino rams were used to quantify apparent absorption, distribution to tissues, and excretion of dietary melamine in sheep. Two batches of concentrate pellets were made; one (CON) contained corn gluten meal with no detectable melamine and the other (MEL) contained corn gluten meal that was previously found to be highly contaminated with melamine at 15,117 mg/kg. The MEL pellets contained 1,149 mg/kg of melamine. During a 10-d adaptation period, all the animals received a forage-based diet supplemented with 600 g/d of the CON pellets. This was followed by an 8-d collection period during which 6 of the animals received MEL pellets and 2 received CON pellets. Melamine intake of sheep that received MEL pellets was 0.69 g/d. Blood samples were taken before first ingestion of MEL pellets on d 1 and again on d 3, 6, and 8 of the collection period for melamine and serum creatinine analyses. Feces and urine were collected quantitatively over the 8 d for proximate and melamine analyses. All the animals were slaughtered at the end of the trial, and samples of the LM, liver, kidneys, and abdominal fat were taken for melamine analysis. Data of the 2 sheep that received CON pellets for the duration of the trial confirmed that no melamine was detected in any of the samples, and no statistical analyses were performed on these data. The apparent digestibility or efficiency of absorption of ingested melamine was 76.7%. Melamine was detected in the urine, blood, muscle (LM), and fat tissue of all the sheep that received MEL pellets. Serum melamine concentrations reached 5.4 mg/kg on d 8 of the collection period, and the meat (LM) contained 9.6 mg/kg of melamine. Calculations on the partitioning of ingested melamine suggested that urine is the major excretion route accounting for 53.2%, whereas feces accounted for 23.3% of ingested melamine. Approximately 3.5% of the ingested melamine was detected in muscle. It was concluded that ingested melamine is highly absorbable from the small intestine and that a pathway exists for the distribution of dietary melamine to meat. 相似文献
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动物饲料中皮革蛋白粉的应用与检测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
添加三聚氰胺提高蛋白含量的方法曝光后,皮革蛋白粉又被报导作为替代产品用于饲料及牛奶中。皮革蛋白粉是对铬鞣皮革下脚料的开发利用,是非常规动物蛋白源,被禁止在人类等高等动物食品中使用,在饲料中适量添加可以替代部分鱼粉用于节省饲养成本。但是过量添加将导致动物出现中毒症状,进而危害到人类的健康,因此其用量必须进行严格控制。与三聚氰胺不同,由于皮革蛋白粉本身就是蛋白质,因此其检测和追踪比较困难。文章综述了皮革蛋白粉的特点及应用中存在的问题,并就几种检测方法进行总结,以期为饲料中皮革蛋白粉过量添加的检测及合理利用提供参考。 相似文献