浮萍饲喂黄粉虫的效益分析

以传统饲料配方为对照,测试添加不同用量浮萍(Lemna minor)对黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)幼虫生长发育及蛋白、粗脂肪含量等指标的影响。结果表明,黄粉虫幼虫对新鲜浮萍适口性良好;新鲜浮萍投饲比例大于80%,对黄粉虫幼虫的生长发育有阻滞,但对其蛋白、粗脂肪含量无显著影响(P0.05);以鲜浮萍∶麦麸质量百分比为65%∶35%配置,可使饲料成本降低33.95%,且不影响黄粉虫的饲喂周期、产量和质量。利用新鲜浮萍饲喂黄粉虫幼虫是可行的,通过构建"浮萍-黄粉虫"食物链,可显著降低养殖成本,增加经济效益和生态效益,促进黄粉虫养殖行业发展。     

怀牛膝对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育影响的研究

用含有3种不同配比的怀牛膝和麦麸的饲料饲喂黄粉虫幼虫,以研究怀牛膝对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育的影响。结果表明,含怀牛膝为25%的混合饲料对黄粉虫幼虫的蜕皮次数作用最明显,且蜕皮次数的多少与化蛹率的高低表现出一致性,而完全是麦麸的对照组对黄粉虫幼虫的增重作用最明显。     

6种昆虫可作为饲料

昆虫的蛋白质含量高,可代替精饲料喂畜禽。目前有6种昆虫可作为饲料。 1.黄粉虫:其幼虫、蛹及成虫蛋白质含量分别为51％、57％和61％,既是喂畜禽的优良精饲料,又是喂养蝎、蛇、娱蚣的上等佳品。     

苜蓿、白三叶对黄粉虫生长性能及体成分的影响

选用5~6龄黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)幼虫,采用单因素随机设计,2个试验组[白三叶(Trifolium repens)组,饲喂白三叶干草;苜蓿(Medicago sativa)组,饲喂苜蓿干草],1个对照组[小麦(Triticum aestivum)麸组,饲喂小麦麸],研究白三叶干草、苜蓿干草饲粮对黄粉虫幼虫生长性能及体成分的影响。结果表明,白三叶组采食量正常,苜蓿组采食量极低,约为小麦麸组的1/4;3个参试组间虫体增质量、氮沉积量、脂肪沉积量差异均达显著水平(P0.01),顺序为苜蓿组白三叶组对照组;试验结束时3个参试组间虫体粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量差异均达显著水平,分别表现为苜蓿组白三叶组对照组、苜蓿组白三叶组对照组,总能值差异不显著(P0.05);2个试验组间死亡率及化蛹率无显著差异,均显著低于对照组(P0.01)。     

不同比例麦麸和玉米秸秆对黄粉幼虫生长性能的影响

为研究不同比例麦麸和玉米秸秆对黄粉幼虫生长性能的影响,试验选择1000只5~6龄黄粉虫,随机分成5组,对照组饲喂小麦麸,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别饲喂20%麦麸和80%玉米秸秆、40%麦麸和60%玉米秸秆、60%麦麸和40%玉米秸秆、全玉米秸秆。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅳ组的体重、体长和粗蛋白质含量显著降低(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组黄粉幼虫体重、体长和粗蛋白质含量差异不显著(P>0.05),且试验Ⅱ组的经济效益每千克提高了15.15%。因此,试验Ⅱ组麦麸和玉米秸秆的比例最适合养殖黄粉幼虫。     

昆虫饲料在养殖生产中的作用

1）面包虫.面包虫又称黄粉虫,营养丰富,其幼虫、蛹和成虫的蛋白质含量分别为51%、57%和61%,是高蛋白优质饲料,营养价值约为鱼粉的2倍,但其经济成本只有鱼粉的1/3.面包虫不仅可作为喂养畜禽、龟、鳖、鱼、虾、蟹等的精饲料,更是饲养蛇、蝎的上等饲料.     

麦麸、燕麦麸对生长猪氮排放的影响

试验旨在研究麦麸、燕麦麸对生长猪氮排放的影响。试验采用单因子完全随机设计,选取15头健康、日龄、体重接近(IBW,46.45±3.20kg)的长×大阉公猪,随机分为3组,分别饲喂基础饲粮、麦麸饲粮和燕麦麸饲粮(分别以20%的麦麸和燕麦麸替代基础饲粮)。试验第27d和28d采集粪便与尿液样品,测定新鲜粪便与尿液的总氮和氨氮含量,以及粪便与尿液贮存0h、9h、24h、48h、72h和7d后的氨氮含量。(结果)结果表明,燕麦麸组粪便pH显著低于基础组和麦麸组(P0.05);麦麸组尿液pH显著低于基础组(P0.05)。各处理组新鲜粪便与尿液的氨氮含量差异不显著(P0.05)。麦麸组和燕麦麸组尿液总氮含量分别比基础组低20%和52%(P0.05);燕麦麸组粪便总氮含量显著高于基础组和麦麸组(P0.05)。各处理组粪便与尿液的氨氮含量均随贮存时间的增加而增加。麦麸组粪便在贮存各时间点(0h除外)的氨氮含量显著低于基础组和燕麦麸组(P0.05);燕麦麸组尿液贮存48h、72h后的氨氮含量显著低于基础组和麦麸组(P0.05),麦麸组又显著低于基础组(P0.05);燕麦麸组和麦麸组尿液在贮存各时间点(0h和24h除外)的氨氮含量都低于基础组,且降低幅度分别为13~28%和5~16%。(结论)综合以上结果,饲粮中添加20%麦麸可降低生长猪尿液总氮含量、尿液与粪便贮存后的氨氮含量;而添加20%燕麦麸可降低生长猪尿液总氮含量、尿液贮存后的氨氮含量。燕麦麸降低尿氮含量及尿液贮存后氨氮含量的效果优于麦麸,这可能与其可溶性日粮纤维含量(Soluble dietary fiber,SDF)较高有关。     

黄粉虫饲养中几个重要技术参数的测定

设置不同饲料、温度、饲料湿度、密度及光照条件,对黄粉虫幼虫进行了饲养研究,用DPS统计软件对影响黄粉虫生长的各因子进行具体分析。结果表明：小麦粉＋玉米粉混合饲料对黄粉虫幼虫体重增长影响较大,是比较适宜的饲料配方;黄粉虫对温度的适度范围较宽,最佳生长发育温度为25～30℃;饲料含水量为18％时,黄粉虫幼虫生长较快;适宜的饲养密度为0．24．0．47条／cm2;阴暗处饲养黄粉虫生长更快;黄粉虫幼虫喜欢在浅层饲料中活动,饲料厚度应保持在4．0～5．5cm之间为宜。     

六种昆虫饲料可开发

昆虫的蛋白质含量高,可代替精饲料喂禽畜,以降低饲料成本。目前有6种昆虫饲料可开发。 黄粉虫 其幼虫、蛹及成虫蛋白质含量分别为51％、57％和61％,既是喂禽畜的优良精饲料,又是喂养蝎、蛇、蜈蚣的上等佳品。     

不同饲料配方对大麦虫幼虫生长发育的影响

为了研究不同饲料配方对大麦虫生长发育的影响,以麦麸、大豆粉、玉米粉、鱼粉为主要原料配制6种饲料配方,A组为麦麸,B组为大豆粉,C组为玉米粉,D组为麦麸+大豆粉+鱼粉,E组为麦麸+玉米粉+鱼粉,F组为麦麸+大豆粉+玉米粉+鱼粉,测定了不同饲料配方对大麦虫体重、体长、死亡率、死亡率、化蛹率、氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明:复合配方饲料比结构单一饲料饲喂效果好,其中以F组大麦虫生长发育效果最好,F组大麦虫幼虫在体重、体长、幼虫死亡率、化蛹率以及体内氨基酸含量等方面显著高于其他各组(P0.05);A组饲喂效果较差。     

Effect of lablab and pigeon pea leaf meal supplementation on performance of goats fed a basal diet of haricot bean haulms

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of lablab and pigeon pea leaf supplementation on feed intake, digestibility, weight gain, and carcass characteristics of goats fed a basal diet of haricot bean haulms. Thirty-two yearling intact male goats with an average initial body weight of 14.4?±?1.04 kg (Means ± SD) were assigned to one of the four treatments in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were 17.5% lablab?+?17.5% pigeon pea leaf?+?63% wheat bran (T1), 35% pigeon leaf?+?63% wheat bran (T2), 35% lablab leaf?+?63% wheat bran (T3), and 88% wheat bran?+?10% noug seed cake (T4). In addition, all treatment diets contained 1 and 1% limestone. The feeding trial lasted for 90 days followed by 7 days of digestibility trial. Carcass evaluation was conducted at the end of the feeding trial. Final body weight ranged from 16.3 kg for T4 to 21.1 kg for T3. The total dry matter (DM) intake for T3 was higher (P?<?0.05) than T2 and T4. The total crude protein (CP) intake for T2 was greater (P?<?0.05) than T3 and T4. Goats supplemented with T3 diets had the highest (P?>?0.05) digestibility of DM, organic matter, and CP and attained the highest (P?<?0.05) average daily gain, the heaviest (P?<?0.05) hot carcass weight, and the highest (P?<?0.05) rib-eye muscle area than those supplemented with T1, T2, and T4 diets. In conclusion, 35% lablab leaf meal and 63% what bran (T3) were found to be a very promising supplement in sheep fed low-quality crop residues under the condition of the current experiment.     

日粮精料中麸皮比例对西门塔尔杂交后备母牛日粮营养物质消化率的影响

文章旨在采用消化试验研究肉牛日粮精料中麸皮比例对日粮营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验选取体况良好、体重一致(369.5 kg±37.8 kg)的杂交后备母牛(西门塔尔牛(♂)×中国黄牛(♀))24头,随机分为6组,即试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组,每组4头,分别定量饲喂6种不同麸皮水平的精料日粮(3.5kg/d),粗料(青贮)自由采食;各试验组精料麸皮水平分别为0%、10%、20%、30%、40%和50%;预饲期20 d,试验期30 d,试验最后7 d收集全部粪样。结果表明:日粮精料中麸皮水平对日粮有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质、淀粉和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的消化道表观消化率没有显著影响(P>0.05),不同麸皮水平日粮的OM、CP、淀粉和NDF的消化道表观消化率变化范围分别为49.40%～55.52%、48.56%～53.90%、88.87%～93.29%、48.11%～57.91%。     

Increasing the calcium content of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) to improve their nutritional value for bone mineralization of growing chicks.

The purpose of these studies was to determine the husbandry variables that optimize the Ca content of mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) and to determine the bioavailability of this Ca for bone mineralization in chicks that consume the mealworms. To determine the optimal level of Ca in the substrates used in short-term (< 14 days) holding of mealworms and to determine the length of time that mealworms should be exposed to high-Ca substrates, mealworms were placed in either a wheat bran or a chicken starter substrate supplemented with 0, 4, 8, or 12% Ca from CaCO3. The mealworms were harvested after 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, or 14 days. The Ca content of the mealworms was greatest with the use of chicken starter and increased linearly with the Ca content of the substrate. In general, the Ca content of the mealworms increased during the first 24 hr and decreased after > or = 1 wk, especially at the higher levels of Ca supplementation. The chicken starter also resulted in higher levels of vitamin D in mealworms. Mealworms held in wheat bran with 8% Ca were fed to growing chicks. Ca bioavailability was calculated from the chicks' bone ash. The Ca in these mealworms was 76% as bioavailable as the Ca in oyster shell.     

混菌固态发酵麸皮条件优化及离体消化研究

试验选用不同比例组合的枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母菌及乳酸菌（Lactobacillus B 和Lactobacillus W）,经固态发酵筛选发酵麸皮的最优条件,并通过提取草鱼肠道不同部位的消化酶液对最优发酵麸皮进行离体消化研究。以未发酵麸皮作为对照组,依据接种菌种及其比例设6个试验组,每组3个重复进行固态发酵,测定发酵麸皮的酸度、菌落数及粗蛋白质含量,筛选出最优发酵组;利用草鱼肠道提取消化酶液,对未发酵麸皮和最优发酵麸皮进行离体消化,测定干物质、粗蛋白质的消化率及氨基酸的含量。结果表明,试验3组发酵麸皮的粗蛋白质含量最高,为23.67%,与未发酵组相比提高了56.56%;且菌落数在96 h达到7.8×10⁸ CFU/g,明显高于其他试验组,而酸度呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,故筛选出试验3组为最优发酵组。未发酵麸皮组和最优发酵麸皮组的粗蛋白质、干物质消化率及氨基酸含量均以前肠最高,中肠次之,后肠最低,且最优发酵麸皮组体外消化率均显著高于未发酵麸皮组（P＜0.05）。经营养成分分析和离体消化研究发现,发酵麸皮具有较高的营养价值和消化率,可部分替代蛋白饲料。     

Performance of growing pigs fed diets based on by-products of maize and wheat processing

Forty-eight crossbred Landrace?×?Large white pigs with an average body weight of 8.5?±?0.4 kg and aged 2 months were used to evaluate performance and carcass characteristics of pigs fed two diets in which bran from maize or wheat was used as the energy source. A third diet based on whole maize grain was used as a control. Animals in groups of four, balanced for litter, sex and weight were allotted to dietary treatments in a completely randomised design with four replications. Data were collected on feed intake and weight gain for a period of 4 months. A digestibility trial was carried at the end of the feeding trial using two male pigs per treatment while six pigs per treatment were randomly selected for slaughter to determine carcass characteristics. Daily gain averaged 0.23, 0.31 and 0.13 kg/day, for pigs fed maize bran, wheat bran and whole maize diets, respectively. Average feed intake and final body weight were significantly (P?<?0.05) affected by diets. Digestibility of dry matter, crude fibre and calcium were higher (P?<?0.05) for pigs fed maize bran while crude protein digestibility was highest (P?<?0.05) for the pigs fed wheat bran. There were significant differences (P?<?0.05) between the diets in carcass yield, ham, head, trotters and heart weights and also for rib weight, rib eye muscle and other tissues. This study indicates that comparable performance of growing pigs fed cereal bran and full-grain diets are real.     

Evaluation of feeding value of forage soybean silage as a substitute for wheat bran in sheep

Twelve sheep were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design to evaluate the effect of substituting wheat bran with forage soybean silage in the diet on apparent digestibility and nitrogen balance. Forage soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) was cultivated in a no‐till, no‐herbicide cropping system with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) as a living mulch. Forage soybean and Italian ryegrass were wilted and ensiled in round bales without additives, respectively. The experimental diets were based on corn silage supplemented with protein sources (tow silages or wheat bran). The crude protein and the acid detergent insoluble protein contents of forage soybean silage were the highest among the protein sources. The apparent digestibility of crude protein and the nitrogen balance did not significantly differ among the diets. In addition, the phytoestrogen content of forage soybean silage was below the level at which animal reproductive performance would be negatively affected. These results suggest that forage soybean silage has comparable feeding value to wheat bran, and can be given at an inclusion level of 17% (dry matter basis) as an alternative protein source to wheat bran without adverse effects on digestion or nitrogen balance in sheep fed a corn silage‐based diet.     

不同水平蚕沙对新西兰兔肉品质的影响

试验旨在研究不同水平蚕沙对新西兰兔肉品质的影响。选取120只健康、体重相近(1.06 kg±0.09 kg,公、母各半)的35日龄断奶新西兰兔,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复4只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂添加6%、12%、18%和24%蚕沙的日粮。试验结束后,每组选取接近平均体重的4只兔(公、母各半)屠宰,测定肌肉品质指标。结果显示,不同水平蚕沙对新西兰兔肉品质有一定影响,其中各组肉色、pH、失水率和蒸煮率差异不显著(P＞0.05),而剪切值试验组显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),且随蚕沙添加量的增加呈减小的趋势;在化学性状中各组水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分含量差异不显著(P＞0.05)。