牛轮状病毒重组株的血清学和基因型特性

从母牛接种过Ａ组ＢＲＶ株ＮＣＤＶ－Ｌｉｎｃｏｌｎ（Ｐ１：Ｇ６）苗的两个吡邻牛场分离到两株牛轮状病毒（ＢＲＶ），编号为ＮＳ－１和ＮＳ－２，Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ试验表明，ＮＳ－１和ＮＳ－２有相的的Ａ组ＲＮＡ电泳模式，而且全部基因片段同源，体外中和试验表明，ＮＳ－１株病毒能被Ｇ６特异性单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｓ）和抗ＢＲＶＢ６４１株（Ｐ５：Ｇ６）豚鼠高免血清（ＧＰＡＳ）中和，但不被Ｇ１０特异性Ｍ     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因在昆虫细胞中的高效表达

将鸡传染性支气管炎病毒（ Ｉ Ｂ Ｖ） Ｓ１ 基因 ｃ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 克隆至含有起始密码 Ａ Ｔ Ｇ 的转移载体 ｐ Ｓ Ｘ Ｉ Ｖ Ｖ Ｉ＋ Ｘ３／４,构建成重组转移质粒 ｐ Ｓ Ｘ Ｉ Ｖ Ｖ Ｉ＋ Ｘ３／４ Ｓ１． Ｈｏｌｔｅ,再与粉纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒 Ｔｎ Ｎ Ｐ Ｖ Ｓ Ｖ Ｉ－ Ｇ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ（ Ｏ Ｃ Ｃ－ , ｇａｌ＋ ）共转染 草地夜蛾（ Ｓｆ９） 细胞, 经空斑纯化得 到已插入 Ｓ１ 基 因并能形成多角体 的重组病毒 Ｔｎ Ｎ Ｐ Ｖ（ Ｘ３／４） Ｓ１． Ｈｏｌｔｅ Ｏ Ｃ Ｃ＋ 。以重组毒株感染 Ｔｎ５ Ｂ１ 细胞,在不同时间收取感染了病毒的细胞进行 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ 与 Ｗ ｅｓｔｅｒｎ 印迹检测。 Ｔｎ Ｎ Ｐ Ｖ（ Ｘ３／４） Ｓ１． Ｈｏｌｔｅ Ｏ Ｃ Ｃ＋ 在感染的细胞中高效表达了 Ｓ１ 基因,表达产物为约 １００ ０００ 的融合蛋白,与预计的表达修饰后的产物大小相符,推测此蛋白已糖基化。 Ｓ Ｄ Ｓ Ｐ Ａ Ｇ Ｅ凝胶薄层色谱分析结果显示,感染病毒后 ４８、７２、９６ ｈ, Ｓ１ 蛋白分别占细胞内总蛋白量的 ２８７％ 、３５８％ 、３７１％ 。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒S1基因在昆虫细胞中的表达

将含有传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）广东地方分离株Ｄ４１的Ｓ１基因ｃＤＮＡ（从ＡＴＧ到Ｓ前体蛋白裂解位点）的片段克隆到具有多角体启动子（ＰＸＩＶ）和人工合成启动子（Ｐｓｙｎ）的杆状病毒转移载体质粒ｐＳＸ－ＩＶＶＩ＋Ｘ３中，构建了重组转基因载体质粒ｐＳＸＩＶＶＩ＋Ｘ３－Ｓ１．Ｄ４１。用该重组转移质粒与无包涵体的粉纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒ＴｎＮＰＶ－ＳＶＩ－ＧＤＮＡ（ｏｃｃ－，ｇａｌ＋）共转染草地夜蛾（Ｓｆ９）细胞，筛选并纯化出既能表达Ｓ１基因又能形成多角体的重组病毒ＴｎＮＰＶ－ＩＢＶＳ１－ｏｃｃ＋（ｏｃｃ＋，ｇａｌ－）。通过间接ＥＬＩＳＡ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ等方法在感染了重组病毒的Ｓｆ９细胞中成功地检测到分子量约６２０００的Ｓ１基因表达产物。虽然该重组Ｓ１糖蛋白可能由于Ｎ－糖基化不完全而分子量小于天然蛋白，但它可以像正常病毒粒子一样，被鸡抗ＩＢＶＤ４１株血清特异识别。     

传染性支气管炎病毒中国地方分离株RFLP基因分型的研究

为初步确定我国不同地区流行的传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ）的基因分型，对分离自国内８个不同地域疫区的ＩＢＶＱＤ、ＧＺ、ＺＺ、ＴＪ、ＤＬ、ＹＣ、ＪＳ１和ＪＳ２及参考株Ｍ４１、Ｈ５２和Ｔ的Ｓ１基因ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增ｃＤＮＡ进行ＨａｅⅢ的ＲＦＬＰ分析。结果，ＱＤ与ＭＤ４１、Ｈ５２同属Ｍａｓｓａｃｈｕｓｓｅｔｅ基因型，ＧＺ、ＺＺ、ＹＣ与Ｔ的基因型相同，ＤＬ、ＪＳ１和ＪＳ２则表现为各自独立的基因型，而ＴＪ则为ＤＬ和Ｔ２种基因型毒株的混合感染，表明我国的广大地域内存在着Ｍａｓｓ基因型、Ｔ基因型和可能的变异株ＩＢＶ的流行。     

鹅副粘病毒的分类地位初探

对从病鹅体分离的禽副粘病毒（ＧＶＰ）ＹＧ９７株，经红细胞凝集（ＨＡ）和红细胞凝集抑制（ＨＩ）试验证明，与新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）存在着极大的相关性。参考ＮＤＶ的３个毒力指标－最小致死量致病鸡胚平均死亡时间（ＭＤＴ）、１日龄雏鸡内接种致病指数（ＩＣＰＩ）和６周龄非免疫雏鸡静脉接种致病指数（ＩＶＰＩ）对ＹＧ９７株进行测定，表明其有与ＮＤＶ速发型类似的毒力，属强毒力的毒株。应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术对Ｆ基因重要功能区片段扩增后进行序列测定，并与多株已报道的ＮＤＶ相应片段进行序列比较，经遗传进化树分析后，初步判定其为禽副粘病毒－Ⅰ型，属基因Ⅶ型ＮＤＶ。     

鸽禽I型副粘病毒油佐剂灭活苗对肉种鸽免疫效果观察

用鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶ－１ＳＸ株（简称ＳＸ株）制成的油佐剂灭活苗与ＮＤＶ油佐剂灭活苗分别免疫肉种鸽,免疫后２０天抗体水平达到峰值,抗体水平在３ｌｏｇ２以上维持３０天以上。免疫后４０天用鸽ＳＸ株和新城疫强毒对两种疫苗免疫鸽分别进行攻击,两种疫苗免疫组对ＮＤＶ强毒攻击的保护率均为１００％,鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶ－１油佐剂灭活苗免疫组对鸽ＳＸ株攻击的保护率为１００％,而ＮＤＶ油佐剂灭活苗免疫组对鸽ＳＸ株攻击的保护率仅为６６７％。鸽Ａ／ＰＭＶ－１油佐剂灭活苗田间试验抽检４８份肉种鸽血清,抗体平均值为４３０±１１６ｌｏｇ２。     

蛋鸡非典型新城疫一例及其病原鉴定

１９９７年３月下旬，上海市郊区某蛋鸡场发生以产蛋下降为第一指征的非典型新城疫，通过临诊调查、抗体测定、病毒分离与鉴定进行了确诊。结果：感染鸡群产蛋下降的幅度可高达５０％；新城疫ＨＩ抗体滴度高达１２ｌｏｇ２或以上；用泄殖腔棉拭接种鸡胚的分离物用标准血清鉴定为新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ），初代尿囊液的ＥＬＤ５０为１０－７．５（０．２ｍＬ），１日龄ＳＰＦ鸡胚脑内接种致病指数（ＩＣＰＩ）和６周龄ＳＰＦ鸡静脉接种致病指数（ＩＶＰＩ）分别为１．７２５和２．３２，其毒力接近标准毒株—ＮＤＶ北京株Ｆ４８Ｅ９。     

白细胞介素—3对猪瘟病毒E2基因疫苗免疫增强作用的研究

以昆明系小白鼠为试验动物，观察了白细胞介素－３（ＩＬ－３）对猪瘟病毒Ｅ２囊膜糖蛋白（ＨＣＶ Ｅ２）基因疫苗免疫效果的增强作用。用ＤＮＡ重组技术将ＨＣＶ Ｅ２基因和白小鼠ＩＬ－３基因克隆到ｐＩＲＥＳ１ｎｅｏ质粒，因在两者之间有脑心肌炎病毒（ＥＭＣＶ）的核糖体进入位点（ＩＲＥＳ）片段，可得到ＨＣＶ Ｅ２抗体效价。结果显示，ＩＬ－３能显著提高ＨＣＶ Ｅ２基因疫苗的免疫效果，表明ＩＬ－３可作为ＨＣＶ Ｅ２     

抗小鹅瘟病毒中和性单克隆抗体研制及实验防治效果

用淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术研制出１１株抗小鹅瘟病毒（ＧＰＶ）单克隆抗这些单抗仅与ＧＰＶ反应，与其它细小病毒（ＰＣＰＶ、ＦＰＶ、ＰＰＶ）和其它禽病毒（ＮＤＶ，ＩＢＤＶ，ＤＨＶ、ＤＰＶ）均不反应，腹水单抗的ＥＬＩＳＡ效价达１０＾－５－１０＾－７，琼扩沉淀效效价达１：２０－１：５１２，鹅胚中和效价达１：３０－１：１２２，鹅体中和效价为１：５４－－１：９６。ＧＰＳ１和ＧＰＧ５２株单抗对人工感染ＧＰＶ的雏鹅具有良     

禽流感病毒核蛋白基因在重组杆状病毒中的表达

利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法成功地扩增了我国禽流感病毒分离株Ａ／Ｘｉｎｇｊｉａｎｇ／１／９６（Ｈ１４Ｎ５）的核蛋白（ＮＰ）基因,其限制性内切酶图谱和核苷酸序列与鸭源的标准Ｈ１４Ｎ５毒株几乎完全一致,与其它毒株则有较大差异,说明该鸡源分离株与鸭源毒株有非常近的亲缘关系。将ＮＰ基因定向克隆到杆状病毒转移载体ｐＶＬ１３９３中,再与杆状病毒线性ＤＮＡ（ＢＡＣ－Ｎ－ＢｌｕｅＤＮＡ）共转染于Ｓｆ９昆虫细胞中,经过三次蚀斑筛选,获得重组病毒ｒＢ２。用其细胞表达产物裂解后作ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ蛋白电泳、Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ和ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ,结果表明ＮＰ基因在杆状病毒系统中获得了表达。同时用表达产物作琼脂扩散试验,结果表明表达产物与现行标准禽流感琼扩抗原具有相同的生物学活性。     

Phylogenetic Analysis of HN Gene of Eight Pigeon NDV Isolates in Guangxi

[Objective] The paper was to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of pigeon Newcastle disease(ND).[Method] The HN gene of eight pigeon NDV strains isolated from different pigeon farms in Guangxi were amplified by RT-PCR,sequenced and analyzed.The molecular evolution characteristics of HN gene of pigeon NDV isolates in Guangxi was discussed.[Result] The nucleotide sequence length of HN gene of the eight NDV isolates was 1 716 bp,encoding 571 amino acids.They belonged to virulent group C,and the gene length characteristic of HN gene accorded with virulent strain.Analysis of nucleotide homologies indicated that the eight NDV isolates shared higher homology with genotype VIb,ranging from 90.4% to 99.5%.Phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that the genetic relationship between the eight NDV strains in Gangxi and the NDV isolates from Guangxi,Guangdong,Jilin,Liaoning,Yunnan and Heilongjiang during 2011 and 2013 was close.They were located in the same cladogram branch.[Conclusion] We assume that the eight pigeon NDV isolates in Guangxi all belong to the gene class II genotype VI b NDV.     

野禽新城疫病毒F和HN基因的遗传变异趋势

野禽携带的新城疫病毒是新城疫流行传播的重要的潜在传染源.结合本实验室克隆测序的鸽NDV(PB9601)、企鹅NDV(QE01)以及GenBank下载的44株野禽(包括野鸭、鹦鹉、鸽子、天鹅、鸳鸯、雁、火鸡等)的NDV毒株的融合蛋白(Fusion gene,F)基因和血凝素蛋白(Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene,HN)基因分别进行了F蛋白裂解位点、基因分型以及F和HN基因氨基酸全长的遗传距离分析.结果表明:野禽感染NDV F基因的基因型以Ⅶ和Ⅵ为主,同时I、II、V和IX多种基因型并存.同一种属、同一地区的毒株间的遗传距离较近,具有明显的种属性和区域性,且绝大多数分离株与经典毒株LaSota、V4、B1、TEX-48等的遗传距离相对较远;对HN基因的遗传进化关系分析得出了相似的结论.     

Newcastle disease outbreaks in western China were caused by the genotypes VIIa and VIII

Twelve Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains were isolated from chickens involved in outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) in western China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Guangxi provinces) between 1979 and 1999. All strains were determined to be velogenic by plaque formation, the mean death time (MDT) of embryonated eggs, and the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI). For preparation of virus RNA, the acid guanidinium-thiocyanate method was used. A 908bp fragment of nucleotide was amplified by RT-PCR starting from the N terminal of the F gene and the PCR segments were cloned into the PGEM-T vector and sequenced. The similarities of the nucleotide sequences (1-519bp) and predicted amino acid sequences of the F gene (1-125) were analyzed by comparing the 12 NDV isolates with the NDV vaccine strains Lasota, B1, H1 and V4, with classical NDV strains and recent epizootic strains. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all strains were of two novel genotypes; the NDV strains that caused the outbreak of ND in western China during 1998-1999 was of the genotype VIIa, whereas the strains from the Qinghai province (1979-1985) were of genotype VIII, which has been found predominately in southern Africa.     

Molecular epidemiological investigation of Newcastle disease virus from domestic ducks in Korea

To expand the epidemiological understanding of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) found in domestic ducks in Korea, 14 NDV isolates from apparently healthy domestic ducks were biologically and genetically characterized. Thirteen and 1 isolates of NDV were categorized into lentogenic and velogenic viruses, respectively, based on in vivo pathogenicity tests. Twelve lentogenic viruses showed HA activity to horse RBCs, while 1 lentogenic virus and the velogenic virus were negative. Lentogenic viruses (n=13) had sequence motifs of (112)ERQERL(117) (n=1) or (112)GRQGRL(117) (n=12) at the F0 cleavage site, while the velogenic virus (n=1) had a sequence motif of (112)RRQKRF(117) at the same site. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that at least three distinct genotypes may exist in domestic ducks in Korea; one class I genotype (genotype 2), and two class II (genotypes I and VII) genotypes. The class I virus was most closely related to strains of genotype 2 which were isolated in birds from the USA, Germany and Denmark. Twelve lentogenic class II viruses were grouped together in genotype I, and were then divided into at least three clusters, namely Aomori-like, Ulster2C-like, and V4-like. The velogenic class II virus was assigned to genotype VII which represents viruses responsible for recent epidemics in many Asian countries including Korea. The epidemiological importance of domestic duck isolates of NDV in Korea is discussed.     

2008-2009年部分地区新城疫病毒分离株的进化分析

本研究旨在从分子水平上掌握中国新城疫病毒的变异情况和新城疫的流行规律,对2008-2009年从中国部分省市养殖场分离的9株新城疫病毒毒株,采用RT-PCR方法扩增其F和HN基因,经克隆和测序,对所得序列进行同源性和遗传进化分析。结果显示,9株分离株有8株为基因Ⅶ型,1株为基因Ⅱ型,F基因开放性阅读框架(ORF)为1662 bp,强毒株同La Sota的核苷酸同源性为83.5%~84.2%。HN基因开放性阅读框架(ORF)为1716或1734 bp,强毒株在538位缺失1个糖基化位点。结果表明,近年流行的ND疫情主要是由基因Ⅶ型NDV引起,F和HN基因的变异可能与频繁的疫苗免疫选择压力有关。     

产蛋下降鸭群强毒新城疫病毒的分离鉴定与分子特征

从产蛋下降鸭群分离到两株新城疫病毒(NDV)(命名为Duck/China/SD6/2008和Duck/China/SD7/2009),经蚀斑纯化后测定其鸡胚平均死亡时间为77.6h,F蛋白裂解位点氨基酸序列为112-RRQKRF-117,符合强毒NDV的特征。根据F基因(374bp)对2个NDV分离株和30个NDV参考株进行基因分型结果表明,2个分离株均属于基因Ⅶ型。F基因和HN基因核苷酸序列同源性比较显示,2个鸭分离株与基因Ⅶ型NDV分离株同源性为94.1%～99.7%和94.4%～97.1%,与同期分离的鸡源NDV强毒株Chicken/China/SD4/2008同源性最高,分别为99.3%～99.5%和99.5%～99.7%,表明这两个鸭NDV毒株可能来源于感染NDV的鸡群。     

Pathogenicity and cross-protection of pigeon paramyxovirus-1 and Newcastle disease virus in young chickens

Avian paramyxovirus-1 (PMV-1) isolates from Delaware racing pigeons were compared with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in pathogenicity and cross-protection studies in young chickens. The pathogenicity of pigeon PMV-1 isolates was more closely related to mesogenic (Roakin) NDV than to lentogenic (La Sota) or velogenic (Texas GB) NDV strains. Pigeon PMV-1 produced 100% mortality in 1-day-old NDV-susceptible chickens following intratracheal and intracerebral inoculation. Laboratory tests often used in conjunction with chicken pathogenicity procedures for patho-typing NDV gave conflicting results. Pigeon PMV-1 isolates produced large clear plaques (up to 3.5 mm) in chicken-embryo-fibroblast cultures. Chicken embryo mean death times were considerably greater for pigeon PMV-1 (88 and 109 hr) than for Roakin (66 hr) and Texas GB (48 hr). B1 strain NDV and pigeon PMV-1 produced complete cross-protection in challenge studies in chickens. Extensive cross-reaction between pigeon PMV-1 and NDV occurred in hemagglutination-inhibition tests using polyclonal antisera. However, pigeon PMV-1 and NDV were readily distinguishable using a NDV monoclonal antibody, 2F12.     

野禽新城疫病毒F和HN基因的遗传变异趋势

野禽携带的新城疫病毒是新城疫流行传播的重要的潜在传染源。结合本实验室克隆测序的鸽NDV(PB9601)、企鹅NDV(QE01)以及GenBank下载的44株野禽(包括野鸭、鹦鹉、鸽子、天鹅、鸳鸯、雁、火鸡等)的NDV毒株的融合蛋白(Fusion gene,F)基因和血凝素蛋白(Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene,HN)基因分别进行了F蛋白裂解位点、基因分型以及F和HN基因氨基酸全长的遗传距离分析。结果表明:野禽感染NDV F基因的基因型以Ⅶ和Ⅵ为主,同时Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ和Ⅸ多种基因型并存。同一种属、同一地区的毒株间的遗传距离较近,具有明显的种属性和区域性,且绝大多数分离株与经典毒株LaSota、V4、B1、TEX-48等的遗传距离相对较远;对HN基因的遗传进化关系分析得出了相似的结论。     

2006～2008年华东地区新城疫病毒HN基因序列分析

为研究新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus，NDV）的HN（血凝素-神经氨酸酶，hemagglutinin—neuraminidase）基因分子流行病学规律，利用RT—PCR扩增了2006～2008年间分离自我国华东地区的43株NDV的HN基因片段。基因序列分析显示，分离株中基因Ⅰ型2株，基因Ⅱ型3株，基因Ⅵ型1株，其它37株都属于基因Ⅶd亚型。根据遗传发生进化树可将基因Ⅶd亚型进一步分为Ⅶd1和Ⅶd2两个亚型，基因Ⅶd1亚型HN蛋白的第102、118、443位氨基酸分别为T，A和T，而基因Ⅶd2亚型则分别为I，E和M。另外，研究表明HN蛋白线性表位发生E347K突变的变异株的分离率在我国呈上升趋势。